1 . Can You Spot Fake News?
Fake news is everywhere — you see it on your social media, and even on forwarded messages in your phone’s group chats.
Moreover, remember to ask yourself, “Is it the whole truth and nothing but the truth?” Sometimes a fake news story can have some truth to it, but most of the facts and figures are made up. For example, the event and the people mentioned are real, but the quotes attributed to them and other facts are simply made up.
There are other steps you can take to check the information you receive. You can do a reverse (反向的) image search. Upload a photo to some image search engines to see where else it has been used and for what purpose.
| A．Check the website and quality of the articles. |
| B．Is it from what is described as reliable sources? |
| C．Being able to spot fake news is a crucial part of modern education. |
| D．It can be difficult to distinguish between the fake news and the truth. |
| E．That will help you find out if a photograph is being falsely presented. |
| F．Some fake sites use addresses similar to those of real news organizations. |
| G．Search for the same story on other credible websites to avoid being misled. |
1.描述社会现状；
2.提出你的观点，并加以论证；
3.你的呼吁。
注意：
1.词数为80词左右；
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3.如书写较差影响理解，降一个档次给分。
My View on Money
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Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our
4 . Early in the pandemic, refrigerators began popping up in unlikely places outdoors. Volunteers plugged them in on street corners in cities. Anyone could take food for free.
The fridges were necessary to address food insecurity, activists said. Many people lost their jobs during the pandemic and could not afford to buy food. The problem continues due to rising food prices.
Tajahnaé Stocker started the Community Fridge Project, in Wichita, Kansas. She raised $1.500 to buy, decorate, and stock a fridge with food. It was a step toward solving the hunger crisis. “Charity alone cannot solve every problem,” she says. The fridge is “just trying to fill in the gap of a grocery store.”
Volunteers have stocked hundreds of fridges around the U.S. They’re on street corners,outside cafés, and at churches and housing developments. Kristin Guerin runs a community fridge network in Miami, Florida, called Buddy System MIA. The group fills its fridges up to five times a day. Usually, the fridges are empty within an hour. “The need is still really high,” Guerin says.
Often, community fridges contain homemade meals or donations from restaurants and supermarkets. The group 901 Community Fridges operates in Memphis, Tennessee. It stocks fridges with leftover meals from other food-assistance groups, so meals don’t go to waste.
The movement has begun to expand beyond food. Donations of diapers and other baby items are accepted by 901 Community Fridges. The group plans to provide additional services, like laundry and help for recent immigrants. “Anything that might be needed in the community,” organizer L.J Abraham says. In Miami, the fridges are papered with flyers advertising summer camp and other programs. “The fridges have become small community centers”, Guerin says. “They have become a staple, and they will be for a while.”
1. Why were fridges outdoors needed during the pandemic?| A．To solve the hunger problem. | B．To tackle the pandemic. |
| C．To decorate the street corners. | D．To support a community project. |
| A．Take advantage of a grocery store. | B．Do what a grocery store doesn’t do. |
| C．Take the place of a grocery store. | D．Satisfy the needs of a grocery store. |
| A．Food resources. | B．More volunteers. | C．New fridges. | D．Fridge networks. |
| A．The group shifts its original plan. |
| B．The organizer targets at other programs. |
| C．People can turn to the service for everything. |
| D．The service expands due to different needs. |
5 . Making and keeping deep, meaningful friendships as an adult is hard, especially for men. Less than half of men report being satisfied with their friendships, and only about 1 in 5 said they had received emotional support from a friend in the last week, compared with 4 in 10 women, according to a 2021 survey from the Survey Center on American Life.
Why is it so hard? When Dr. Frank Sileo, a psychologist based in Ridgewood, New Jersey, first began conducting research on male friendships in 1995, many participants assumed his survey was about homosexuality (同性恋). Such opinions are inaccurate, but showed some of what maybe holding some men back from deep friendships, Sileo said.
Besides, boys receive messages that growing up and “manning up” mean hiding their soft side - a mindset that neuroscience, social science and developmental psychology all show is harmful to them. The drive to toughen up and never show vulnerability (脆弱) that restricts men from friendships can lead them to loneliness, violence and anger. “We consider relationships as feminine.” Sileo said. “If that’s a feminine (女性特有的) thing, it becomes a weakness or inability if men admit to needing friendships. ”
Thus, men seeking closeness might turn to those they see as better at building relationships and feel comfortable exploring their vulnerability with: the women in their lives and their romantic partners, according to Sileo’s research. It may seem like a good solution, but putting everything on a romantic partner can hurt a relationship, whether it is going to a female partner exclusively for emotional support or depending on her to cultivate friendships and get-together for holidays and weekends. It is necessary to have various people to go to for support for different perspectives. “Men need to know it’s not just a woman thing.” she said. “They need to know that men can do it, too. ”
We live in a culture that conflicts with our nature. If we raise children to go against their nature, we shouldn’t be surprised if some of those children grow up to struggle. Research has shown expression of negative emotions improved men’s emotional well-being, increased feelings of being understood and resulted in less reported loneliness. So just as many men make a great effort to eat right, exercise, succeed in their careers and raise children, men should prioritize developing friendships as well.
1. Why does the author mention some numbers in the first paragraph?| A．To inform a fact. | B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To make a comparison. | D．To support an opinion. |
| A．It studies men’s friendships. |
| B．It studies men’s health. |
| C．It studies male homosexuality. |
| D．It studies reasons why men lack deep friendships. |
| A．A man may turn to a woman. | B．A man may get used to it. |
| C．A man may become feminine. | D．A man may focus more on his career. |
| A．Science. | B．Sports. | C．Entertainment. | D．Health. |
6 . Around 1870, the world entered an era of sustained rapid technological development that was unlike anything that had happened before; each successive generation found itself living in a new world, utterly transformed from the world into which its parents had been born.
Brad DeLong, an economics professor at the University of California, argues that there are two great puzzles about this transformation in his forthcoming book “Slouching Towards Utopia.” The first is why this happened. DeLong thinks there were three great “meta-innovations”- innovations that enabled innovation itself: the rise of large corporations, the invention of the industrial research lab and globalization. The second is why all this technological progress hasn’t made society better than it has. One thing I had not fully realized until reading this book is the extent to which progress hasn’t brought felicity. Over the 140 years surveyed, there have been only two eras during which the Western world felt generally optimistic about the way things were going.
The first such era was the 40 or so years leading up to 1914, when people began to realize just how much progress was being made and started to take it for granted. Unfortunately, that era of optimism died in fire and blood, with technology enhancing rather than lessening the horror. The second era was the “30 glorious years”, the decades after World War II when social democracy(民主)-a market economy with its rough edges smoothed off by labour unions and a strong social safety net-seemed to be producing the most decent societies humanity had ever known. But that era, too, came to an end, partly in the face of economic setbacks and bitter politics.
It would be silly to say that the incredible progress of technology since 1870 has done nothing to improve things; in many ways, today’s average American has a far better life than the richest people of the Gilded Age. But the progress hasn’t made us satisfied or optimistic. DeLong offers some explanations for this disconnect. His book definitely asks the right questions and teaches us a lot of crucial history along the way.
1. What does Brad DeLong say about the transformation in his book?| A．It brought about a better society. |
| B．It could be divided into three types. |
| C．It resulted from technological progress. |
| D．It inspired many commercial innovations. |
| A．Emotional satisfaction. | B．Global development. |
| C．Social justice. | D．Economic stability. |
| A．Unique but painful. | B．Sweet but short-lived. |
| C．Glorious but violent. | D．Democratic but long-lost. |
| A．Benefits of Technology to Society |
| B．Technology Makes Us More Human |
| C．Technology and the Rise of Pessimism |
| D．How Technology Transformed Our Lives |
7 . Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new trends growing all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?
“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet someone. Within five minutes they have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?
Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学), says the more details people uncover, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could really be.
However, Dr. Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become-only if the posts that we share are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense-if your date is going “that well”, would you really have time to share a photo with text?
So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.
1. What does the underlined word “exclusive” in paragraph 2 mean?| A．Unique. | B．Similar. | C．Relevant | D．Distinct. |
| A．To draw others’ attention. | B．To satisfy others’ curiosity. |
| C．To remove negative feelings. | D．To develop good relationships. |
| A．Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy. |
| B．Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help. |
| C．Oversharing isn’t likely to happen online when things go wrong. |
| D．Sharing negative posts can’t help one become socially attractive. |
| A．Reflecting on past bad manners. | B．Showing a great many expensive goods. |
| C．Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast. | D．Recording unforgettable moments with friends. |
8 . In one of the more unusual experiments we’ve seen recently, researchers attached a large pair of cartoonish huge eyes to the front of a small, self-driving vehicle—and it turns out that this kind of adaptation could actually improve pedestrian (行人) safety.
A pair of eyes on the front of driverless vehicles could, according to the researchers, give people standing by the road a better idea of whether they’ve been seen. That’s one useful bit of information to have when it comes to determining the perfect moment to cross in front of oncoming traffic. “If the car is not looking at the pedestrian, this implies that the car does not recognize the pedestrian,” said one of the researchers. “Thus, pedestrians can judge that they should not cross the street, thereby avoiding potential traffic accidents.”
For the purposes of this study, the researchers used a car which seemed as if no one was inside. A pair of large, swiveling (旋转的) eyes on the front were controlled by researchers, but in the future could be controlled by the car’s AI on an actual self-driving vehicle.
To keep the 18 participants safe, experiments were conducted in virtual reality. The volunteers—nine men and nine women—were asked to decide whether or not to cross the road as the car approached. Four scenarios(方案) were tested in total; two when the car was fitted with eyes, and two when it wasn’t. The researchers measured how often people hesitated to cross when it was in fact safe to do so, and how often they chose to cross when it was dangerous. Overall, the presence of the eyes led to safer and smoother crossing experiences for the participants.
However, there was a gender split in the results. For men, the eyes only really helped in dangerous situations, warning them to pause when they might otherwise proceed. For women, the eyes boosted confidence by signaling it was safe to cross.
1. What is the function of cartoonish huge eyes?| A．Improving the safety of self-driving vehicles. |
| B．Helping people decide when to cross the road. |
| C．Keeping pedestrians in a complete safe state. |
| D．Promoting the appearance of self-driving vehicles. |
| A．There was a robot in the car. |
| B．The pair of large eyes were controlled by AI. |
| C．The experiments were designed by 18 volunteers. |
| D．Experiments weren’t conducted in real surroundings. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Objective. | C．Negative. | D．Positive. |
| A．To advertise a new self-driving technology. |
| B．To enhance pedestrians’ awareness of safety. |
| C．To inform us of a new research on driverless vehicles. |
| D．To introduce the influence of a new type of car. |
With teenagers growing up,
There is little doubt
China will take
10 . In a close-up (特写), one man is pulling the other with all his strength through the window of an SUV, a type of vehicle, which is stuck dangerously on a cliff (悬崖) 30 feet above a busy roadway.
Jason Warnock, then 29, is the man performing the life-saving action. He was driving in Lewiston, Idaho, in April 2015 when he came upon a fallen tree in the middle of the road. “I was like, ‘What happened’?” he told a news website. Warnock stretched out his neck to stare up the side of a cliff. At the very top, where the tree should have been, was an SUV swinging on the edge, held back from falling to the road by a delicate, heavily damaged chain-link fence. Looking inside the car, Warnock could see a panicked Matthew Sitko, 23, beating on the passenger-side window.
That’s when Warnock sprang into action. He crossed a nearby footbridge, and climbed up the cliff to get to the vehicle. When Warnock got to the car, he tried breaking the window with a tool he had on him, only to realize that his cracking was shaking the car and might cause it to slip down the hill. He stopped and turned to calming Sitko enough to get him to open the window. “Give me your hand,” Warnock said. “If this thing goes, I want to have a hold of you so I can at least get you out of there.” Before reaching for the lifeline, Sitko had one request: “Can I grab my phone?” Soon enough, Warnock had freed both man and his machine.
According to the Lewiston police chief, the accident was caused when Sitko, who suffered only minor injuries, lost control of his car. For his part, Warnock insisted he came to Sitko’s aid for one simple reason: “I just did what anyone would do.”
1. Where was Matthew Sitko’s SUV when spotted?| A．On a cliff. | B．By a river. |
| C．On the road. | D．Under a tree. |
| A．His strength ran up. |
| B．His tool stopped functioning. |
| C．He worried about his own safety. |
| D．He realized the possible consequence. |
| A．The SUV was beyond repair. | B．The SUV was out of control. |
| C．Sitko was severely injured. | D．Sitko was sleepy and tired. |
| A．Calm but stubborn. | B．Daring but anxious. |
| C．Caring and decisive. | D．Optimistic and strong. |
