1 . There is always a lot of talk about what is fair, and what is not.
We definitely have no choice about how we come into this world. We have little choice early in life. But as we grow older, choices exist around. I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life, the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain. Fairness is a state of mind, and most often, an unhealthy state of mind. Our state in life cannot, or at least should not, be blamed on our parents, our teachers, or our society.
I agree that challenges exist. I agree that many have an uphill battle due to the challenges they face.
A.Most people tend to insist that life should be fair. |
B.There is no absolute fairness in life, but it’s relatively fair. |
C.Life is full of examples of people who complain about life being unfair. |
D.In fact, it’s largely based on the choices we make, and the attitudes we adopt. |
E.But I disagree with the attempt to use fairness to solve all problems in the world. |
F.Stories like this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception. |
G.It doesn’t matter whether we are born with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. |
2 . Older people traditionally struggle with new tech, but it doesn’t have to be this way. With the right design, even the most unwilling user can obtain the benefits.
A lack of understanding of technology and its benefits, along with difficulty in using hi-tech products, such as a smartphone or computer, leads to the result that many seniors hesitate to migrate from the old to the new. This is a mistake.
Older people themselves must consider whether they want to embrace new technology, or let the benefits pass them by. Technology, often in the form of social media, has enabled seniors to meet new friends, keep in touch with old ones and learn new skills.
The reasons why some older people adopt new technology are likely to be twofold: they’re forced to do so and they want to make their lives easier. These reasons are important for anyone who realizes seniors need to be convinced to engage with technology to consider.
Adopting new technology is often imperative for modern people to do, yet some elderly still insist, “I have managed before without technology. Why do I have to use it now?”
Seniors often become frustrated with technology. “It’s not working, ” is a complaint co-author Lucia heard many times from her late father, especially when it came to his cell phone-and he used technology well, for the most part. Often, the problem was that he was unable to use the small keypad( 键盘) on his phone or read the letter size of the words in text messages he received.
One issue that needs to be addressed is the design of technology. Seniors want web pages to be simple and clear, and navigation easy. One study from 2005 shows that many seniors like a website to be user-friendly with a simple interface (界面).
“A simpler and more uniformly designed internet would help to break down the psychological barriers outlined, ”it states. While that study was carried out years ago, this problem with web design still stands.
1. Why do older people hesitate to embrace new techs?A.They misunderstand computer’s design. |
B.They are unwilling to change into the new. |
C.They lack access to smartphones and computers. |
D.They have difficulty in using technological products. |
A.Seniors often feel upset about new technologies. |
B.Seniors always face the breakdown of smartphones. |
C.Seniors refuse to use the small keypad on their phone. |
D.Seniors can’t understand the text messages they receive. |
A.Ways for web-designers to make internet easier to navigate. |
B.Psychological barriers of seniors to adopt new technology. |
C.Methods of tackling breaking down issues of computers. |
D.Other researches related to seniors’ dissatisfaction. |
A.To use or not to use: a technological dilemma |
B.Exploring benefits for seniors to accept hi-techs |
C.To say yes to the smartphone: a beautiful mistake |
D.Bridging the gap between seniors and technology |
3 . On June 6th Columbia University announced that it will no longer cooperate with US News World Report’s undergraduate rankings. It is the first top institution to do so. Might its departure be the start of a mass departure?
Columbia’s decision follows a ranking scandal (丑闻) last year. In February 2022, one of Columbia’s own maths professors accused the college of having used “outdated and/or incorrect data” in several areas.
In the 1980s, potential students started to expand their college search beyond their local area, and it was hard to learn about universities and compare them. Hence, US News began ranking America’s top universities in 1983, and has released its findings annually since 1988.
Universities have put in significant effort to move up in the ratings. Richard Freeland, Northeastern University’s former president, capped class sizes to enhance student engagement and guarantee class quality. Consequently, it moved from 127th in 2003 to 44th this year.
The ranking system used to seem unstoppable. Universities have tried to get rid of it before, only to find that doing so can backfire badly. US News still ranks non-participating universities, using publicly available information, and the data often do not go in their favour. Columbia did not submit data for this year’s analysis, and its ranking fell from second in 2021-22 to 18th in 2022-23.
Recently the mood has begun to change, however, especially among graduate schools. In 2022, of the 15 highest-ranked law schools, only the University of Chicago submitted data.
In May US News announced changes to its ranking methodology. It is moving away from metrics (度量标准) that rely on reputation and towards student outcomes. One way or another, the rankings-and universities more broadly-are in a state of constant change.
1. What is true about the US News undergraduate rankings?A.It faked the information for the ratings. |
B.It filled an information gap in the past. |
C.It promoted the quality of higher education. |
D.It’s been released every year for 40 years. |
A.Limited. | B.Maintained. | C.Increased. | D.Doubled. |
A.Its information will be removed. |
B.It will be excluded from the list forever. |
C.Its ranking will probably suffer consequently. |
D.It will certainly be charged with using incorrect data. |
A.the changing mood of universities |
B.the instant fame of universities |
C.achievements of university graduates |
D.scores given by former students |
While there is growing consumer
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in 2020 over 12 million tons of furniture
With growing calls for sustainability, many brands are announcing to change though it remains
5 . Film Puts Justifiable Defense in Spotlight
The film, Article 20, directed by Zhang Yimou, draws its name from Article 20 of the Criminal Law, which focuses on the sometimes controversial legal concept of justifiable defense. Drawing inspiration from real-life cases of justifiable defense, the film gained widespread attention and struck a chord with the public during the Spring Festival holiday. The movie calls for a de tailed interpretation of legal terms and urges against compromising on unlawful conduct.
According to the Criminal Law, when a person, faced with an unlawful attack, takes action to protect his or her own rights or interests or those of others, and the attacker is thereby harmed, the defender will be considered to have acted in justifiable defense and will not bear criminal responsibility. For some time, justifiable defense has been regarded as a “dormant clause” (沉寂条款), due to the influence of misconceptions, such as “whoever is injured or killed is right”.
But the true meaning of the law should be to increase the responsibility for wrongdoers, rather than burdening good people. Recent cases have shown that, for ordinary citizens, justifiable defense is no longer a pipe dream. A high-profile case in Kunshan, Jiangsu province, in 2018 served as a wake-up call and caught the attention of authorities regarding such cases. In that case, a traffic argument led to a motorist who took a knife with him confronting another man. The motorist was killed, and police and judges determined that the defender’s actions constituted justifiable defense. Since then, the justifiable defense clause has been applied in several places across the nation. The concern over justifiable defense reflects the public’s demand for fairness, justice, security and rule of law.
Luo Xiang, a renowned professor of criminal law at China University of Political Science and Law, said in a recent comment about the film Article 20 that the public and judges should avoid taking a “godlike” perspective. Instead, they should consider the situation in which the defender was involved, empathize with the defender’s position, and stop themselves from making excessive demands on the defender, Luo said.
1. Why did the film Article 20 attract the audience’s attention?A.It was released during the Spring Festival holiday. |
B.It is named after one article in the Criminal Law. |
C.It explores real-life cases of justifiable defense. |
D.It was directed by Zhang Yimou. |
A.the victim gave up his legal rights |
B.the robber kept silent about the robbery |
C.the robber was hurt worse than the victim |
D.the victim knifed the armed robber to stop the ongoing crime |
A.Making comparisons. | B.Listing reasons. |
C.Explaining misconceptions. | D.Providing evidence. |
A.Take a “godlike” viewpoint with the public. |
B.Put oneself in the defender’s shoes. |
C.Demand more from the defender. |
D.Side with the attacker. |
6 . Most of us know what it’s like to get presents from friends. Whether it’s for a birthday or other celebration, it’s hard to beat the excitement of opening a carefully wrapped box to find something that’s both unexpected and suits you perfectly. Now, imagine if you could get the same feeling when you go shopping for yourself. That’s the feeling that mystery boxes hope to create.
Mystery boxes are not a new idea — they were a feature of department stores in Japan in the early 20th Century. They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value. The key thing is that customers don’t know what’s in the box before they buy. All kinds of mystery boxes are available: fashion boxes, food boxes, beauty boxes, even loot boxes, which are virtual items for video games.
The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes. They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn’t. Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals. They can also potentially offer great savings — as the recommended retail (零售) price of the contents is often far higher than the purchase price. For retailers and suppliers the benefits are clear — it allows them to sell unwanted stock. British fashion mystery box entrepreneur Mario Maher highlight s how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry. People might discover product ranges that would otherwise be thrown away.
There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes — when you buy them, you don’t know what you’ll get! It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for criminals to make use of the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box.
So, are mystery boxes a fun way of reducing waste and making shopping more exciting, or more an opportunity for disappointment, or worse — deception (欺骗)?
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.The price of mystery boxes. | B.The definition of mystery boxes. |
C.The function of mystery boxes. | D.The popularity of mystery boxes. |
A.Mystery boxes contribute to producing waste. |
B.Buying mystery boxes is definitely a waste of money. |
C.The goods inside mystery boxes are not worth the price. |
D.Mystery boxes are welcome among customers and fashion industry. |
A.Favorable | B.Indifferent. | C.Pessimistic. | D.Objective. |
A.By making analysis. | B.By describing process. |
C.By presenting research results. | D.By explaining cause and effect. |
7 . The next time you’re at an airport or hotel, you might notice a traveling group that consists of young kids, parents, and grandparents vacationing together.
The shift toward multi-generational travel has a few explanations. For one, grandparents today stay healthy later in life, allowing them more energy for travel.
Whatever the reason for its popularity, a multi-generational trip can be a rare time when younger and older generations can glimpse the complex people they have each become. Away from the family home, older generations get to see their adult children as responsible parents. Kids get to see their grandparents encounter a new environment.
A.Another explanation is time pressure. |
B.The benefits of multi-generational trips are numerous. |
C.Decades ago, only wealthy families vacationed together. |
D.A scene like this would have been rare a few decades ago. |
E.Multi generational family travel tops the list of travel trends. |
F.Everyone gets to break out of their family roles and figure out how to be together. |
G.Also, big-group accommodation has become more affordable through online platforms. |
8 . First impressions can set a lasting tone, but there is often something doubtful. Psychologists have documented a phenomenon known as the liking gap, by which two people meeting for the first time routinely underestimate how much their counterparts (对应方) like them. A new study finds that the liking gap occurs in group settings too and hinders how well groups function.
In one experiment, the researchers divided 159 participants into groups of three and asked them to have a conversation. They then surveyed the participants individually about how much they liked each of their partners, how much they thought each partner liked them, and how much they thought their partners liked each other. On average, people liked their partners more than they believed their partners liked them, and thought themselves to be the least liked in the group.
In a subsequent experiment, the researchers asked similar questions of engineering students who had worked together in design competitions for varying lengths of time. Here, too, people tended to underestimate the degree to which they were liked, regardless of how long they had known their teammates — and their dim views of their own likability reduced their willingness to ask others for help, give honest feedback, and work together in the future.
A final experiment involving a broad sample of workers showed that the misperceptions (误解) were strongest among teammates and that they decreased team effectiveness and job satisfaction. It also found a possible explanation for the liking gap: People tend to focus on positive thoughts when reflecting on how much they like someone else (“I’m happy that she got a promotion”) but fall victim to more negative ones when considering how others view them (“I got a promotion, so she might be green with envy”).
Managers should think carefully not just about how teammates regard one another but about how team members think they themselves are regarded, the researchers say; correcting misperceptions could boost team satisfaction and performance. “If only people knew how positively their teammates actually felt about them, they might communicate better, feel more included on their teams, and be happier overall with their jobs,” they write.
1. What does the liking gap refer to?A.Misjudging others’ opinions on us. |
B.Approval among different age groups. |
C.A type of common social anxiety disorder. |
D.Preventing others’ evaluations of us. |
A.People were shy to give honest comments. |
B.People tended to think little of their partners. |
C.People were quite demanding towards others. |
D.People were not very confident about themselves. |
A.Employees’ viewpoints on themselves. |
B.The relationship between team members. |
C.Employee performance and job satisfaction. |
D.Communication between leaders and members. |
A.How Much Counterparts Like Us |
B.Why First Impressions Can Last Long |
C.What Perceptions Teammates Correct |
D.How the “Liking Gap” Affects Group Work |
9 . The world population (人口) leached 8 billion (十亿) in last November, according to the United Nations. Some students were asked the question “How does it feel to know you are 1 of 8 billion?”
“I am really excited to see the population grows to such a huge number, because it means that humans now can live much longer than before. There are many things I hope to do in the future. More and more knowledge and experiences we will have!” Alex, age 11 | “I think that 8 billion is a lot of people for the Earth. There will be too much junk from human activities. That junk will bring many environmental problems and take down homes to animals and plants. I am worried if we can successfully find a way to solve it.” Jason, age 13 |
“I think it is too bad! First, a huge population meats fierce competition everywhere. It is harder for us to go to dream universities and have good jobs. Also, the food and living space are not enough in many countries. Humans may live a less comfortable life in the future.” Rachael, age 13 | “The only thing I care about is old people. The structure (结构) of world population shows that the biggest part now is the middle aged, but 20 years later, the old will take that place! They cannot work as much as young people and need more care. But maybe we don’t need to worry, because robots will do most jobs and our healthcare is getting better.” Ethan, age 14 |
1. The biggest part of the structure of world population now is____________.
A.the children | B.the young | C.the middle-aged | D.the old |
a. food and living space b. robots and healthcare
c. environment and junk d. competition and life
A.a, b, c | B.a, c, d | C.a, b, d | D.b, c, d |
A.strong and difficult | B.interesting and exciting |
C.easy and relaxing | D.normal and simple |
A.a newspaper | B.an ad | C.a story book | D.a diary |
10 . Culdesac, which describes itself as “the first car-free neighborhood built from scratch in the US”, admitted its first 36 residents in Tempe, Arizona, US, earlier this year. In a country as car-dependent as the US, Culdesac is nothing short of visionary. The $170 million (about 1.24 billion yuan) neighborhood, with its white buildings and narrow walkways, is expected to hold around 1,000 people when the full 760 units are completed by 2025, according to The Guardian. Similar projects in Charlotte, North Carolina, and Houston, Texas, are also underway, said Bloomberg.
Although some densely populated coastal US cities like Boston and New York City are walkable and have adequate public transportation options like bus and light rail, the vast majority of Americans are entirely dependent on cars to get around. In the 2018 US Census, it was found that roughly 85 percent of Americans relied on a car to get to work.
This reliance on cars doesn’t come cheap, unfortunately. In a 2023 study, the American Automobile Association said that it costs an average of about 89,000 yuan per year to own and maintain a car in the US.
So, what is stopping Americans from deserting cars and embracing relatively cheaper alternatives like e-bikes? In a word, unsafe roads that prioritize cars over people. According to a 2018 report by the World Health Organization, the US traffic death rate is 12.4 deaths per 100,000. At the same time, pedestrians and cyclists in the US are often blamed for being hit by drivers rather than the other way around.
Still, there’s hope. By embracing a new car-free way of living, US projects like Culdesac can provide an alternative way of living that’s both healthier and more affordable and, in turn, influence others to live a better way as well. As Vanessa Fox, a 32-year-old resident of Culdesac, said, “For some, cars equal freedom, but for me, it’s a restriction. Freedom is being able to just simply walk out and access places.”
1. What can we learn about Culdesac from paragraph 1?A.It will be put into use soon. |
B.It is thought to be forward-thinking. |
C.It follows several successful projects. |
D.It is the world’s largest car-free neighborhood. |
A.Maintaining a car is cheap. |
B.Roads conditions are unsafe. |
C.E-bikes are not widely available. |
D.Public transportation is inadequate. |
A.Restricting freedom of movement. |
B.Increasing residents’ sense of responsibility. |
C.Encouraging people to explore their communities. |
D.Promoting a healthier and more cost-effective lifestyle. |
A.Living Car-free in the US |
B.Improving US Road Conditions |
C.A New Trend: Energy-efficient Cars |
D.A Dilemma: Car-free or Car-dependent |