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23-24高二上·全国·单元测试
完形填空(约340词) | 适中(0.65) |
社会问题与社会现象 说明文
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但是缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，因此人们需要能够连接艺术和观众的桥梁。

1 . According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24_________15% of the population but only 10% of museum-goers. _________, people of colour aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.

We have reached the point of recognizing a disconnect between art and audiences but haven’t yet determined how to_________the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge_________telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more modern and accessible ways.

If you have ever tried to power through reading a museum’s complex wall text, you know art discussions can be full of special_________. In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop—culture angle with topics that would_________younger and more diverse audiences. It offers a(n)_________pathway to art history with conversations on topics such as film and psychology, with few special terms. The series has been a useful way of_________art to current events. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audiences along for the discussion.

More traditional institutions are paying attention. This summer, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity—toilet rolls featured frequently—and the museum was_________with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a hidden desire for audiences to engage with art topics_________the format is appealing.

Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and_________it. But there is only so much that can be done without Britain’s museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need a much wider_________of people and interests_________on boards and executive teams.

Ensuring that art—and writing and talking about art—resonates(产生共鸣)throughout the population_________the rising generation of storytellers, inside institutions and out, getting the_________and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the sector.

1.
A．cover upB．make upC．make forD．set about
2.
A．SimilarlyB．ActuallyC．ConsequentlyD．Eventually
3.
A．widenB．leaveC．openD．bridge
4.
A．stick toB．stay inC．lie inD．lead to
5.
A．eventsB．issuesC．termsD．aspects
6.
A．retainB．engageC．ariseD．conduct
7.
A．furtherB．convenientC．accessibleD．intense
8.
A．adjustingB．connectingC．leadingD．presenting
9.
A．coveredB．relatedC．floodedD．founded
10.
A．ifB．althoughC．despiteD．unless
11.
A．addressB．locateC．traceD．analyse
12.
A．visionB．scopeC．rangeD．diversity
13.
A．representedB．presentedC．statedD．prevented
14.
A．makes sureB．goes throughC．depends onD．comes up
15.
A．influenceB．fundingC．enterpriseD．impression
2023-06-13更新 | 18次组卷 | 2卷引用：完形填空变式题
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23-24高一上·全国·单元测试
完形填空(约360词) | 适中(0.65) |
社会问题与社会现象 说明文
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几位名人利用各种策略来减少手机的使用，以便给自己留出更多的个人时间。

2 . Whenever Michael Carl, the fashion market director at Vanity Fair, goes out to have dinner with friends, he plays something called the “phone stack” game: Everyone _______ the phones in the middle of the table; whoever looks at the device before the check arrives pays the tab (账单).

Brandon Holley, the former editor of the Lucky magazine, had trouble _______ her mobile phone when she got home from work. So about six months ago, she _______ putting her phone into a milk tin the moment she walked in. It remained there until after dinner. And Mare Jacobs, the fashion designer, didn’t _______ to sleep close to a buzzing gadget(小装置). So he banned digital devices from his bedroom—a house rule he _______ with audiences during a recent screening of Disconnect, a film that shows how technology has alienated (使疏远) people from one another.

As smartphones _______ to make their way into our lives, wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to destroy our personal space even further. Whether it’s a physical _______(no iPads at the dinner table) or a conceptual (概念上的) one (turning off devices by 11 p.m.), users say these disconnecting techniques are improving their relationships.

“Disconnecting is a luxury(奢侈品) that we all _______,” said Lesley M. M. Blume, a New York writer who keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home. “The expectation that we must always be _______ to employers, colleagues and family creates a real problem in trying to ________ private time. But that private time is more important than ever.”

A popular method for disconnecting is to choose a box for your cellphone, like the milk tin that Ms. Holley uses. “________ my phone is buzzing or lighting up, it’s still a distraction (分散注意力的事), so it ________ in the box,” said Ms. Holley. Others choose new rules. “No screens after 11 p.m.,” said Ari Melber, a TV host. “Now evenings are more ________ and I am sleeping better,” he added.

Sleep is a big factor, which is why some ________ to leave their phones out of their bedrooms. “I don’t want to sleep next to something full of photos and emails,” said Peter Som, a fashion designer, who keeps his phone plugged in in the living room overnight. “It ________ distinguishes daytime and sleep time.”

1.
A．exchangesB．allocatesC．arrangesD．places
2.
A．examiningB．ignoringC．missingD．finding
3.
A．stoppedB．forgotC．beganD．suggested
4.
A．hateB．wantC．expectD．refuse
5.
A．talkedB．agreedC．providedD．shared
6.
A．intendB．chooseC．continueD．happen
7.
A．barrierB．sufferingC．issueD．drawback
8.
A．learnB．considerC．acceptD．need
9.
A．dependableB．availableC．convenientD．appealing
10.
A．figure outB．save upC．set asideD．take up
11.
A．UnlessB．IfC．UntilD．Although
12.
A．goesB．fillsC．buriesD．lays
13.
A．flexibleB．urgentC．relaxingD．upsetting
14.
A．admitB．preferC．refuseD．permit
15.
A．definitelyB．rarelyC．finallyD．originally
2023-05-16更新 | 31次组卷 | 4卷引用：完形填空变式题
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22-23高一·全国·课后作业
完形填空(约240词) | 适中(0.65) |
社会问题与社会现象 说明文
文章大意：这是一篇说明文，主要结合学者研究结果，介绍了“同吃油腻食品，美国人肥胖率极高而法国人则不然”这一奇怪的现象及其背后的原因，并就未来的变化做出讨论、预测。

3 . There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the ___ thing is that the French, who consume rich (油腻的) food too, ___ to stay slim. Now the ___ by Cornell University suggests ___ lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel ___. However, Americans tend to stop when their ___ are empty or their favorite TV show is over.

According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating ___ an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a ___ time at the table, while Americans think eating is ___ to be squeezed in between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans ____ the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and ____ foods for the week. The French tend to shop daily ____, walking to small shops or farmers’ markets where they have a ____ of fresh fruits, vegetables, eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.

In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle ____ may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity (肥胖) — or extreme overweight — among adults is only 6 percent. However, as American fast food gains ____ and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17 percent and is still growing.

1.
A．presentB．naturalC．strangeD．modern
2.
A．continueB．moveC．tryD．expand
3.
A．researchB．novelC．bookD．newspaper
4.
A．whereB．whyC．howD．when
5.
A．sensitiveB．sadC．happyD．full
6.
A．pocketsB．refrigeratorsC．housesD．plates
7.
A．intoB．asC．insideD．to
8.
A．fairly longB．fairly shortC．very excitingD．rather fast
9.
A．anythingB．somethingC．everythingD．nothing
10.
A．getB．bringC．loseD．receive
11.
A．hotB．coolC．warmD．frozen
12.
A．thereforeB．insteadC．howeverD．merely
13.
A．choiceB．messageC．tasteD．number
14.
A．examplesB．traditionsC．changesD．stories
15.
A．failureB．successC．acceptanceD．rejection
2023-04-04更新 | 50次组卷 | 2卷引用：完形填空变式题
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2023高二下·上海·专题练习
完形填空(约290词) | 较难(0.4) |
社会问题与社会现象 说明文
文章大意：本文是说明文。文章分析了父母和孩子之间战争的实质、原因、表现形式和解决办法。

4 . For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between ________ countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I ________ and what you do?

Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. ________, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for ________ it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their children’s complete ________. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except ________. Both feel trapped.             

In this article, I’ll describe three no-win ________ that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the ________. The first is quarrels over ________ things. Examples include the colour of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s ________ to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends.

Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the ________ is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the ________ of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered a(n) ________—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command ________. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they ________ more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.

1.
A．ancientB．developingC．independentD．neighbouring
2.
A．doB．haveC．promiseD．control
3.
A．In partB．In shortC．In particularD．In contrast
4.
A．startingB．preventingC．stoppingD．handling
5.
A．rudenessB．impatienceC．unreasonablenessD．immatureness
6.
A．vaguelyB．oppositelyC．hesitantlyD．unexpectedly
7.
A．quarrelsB．occasionsC．situationsD．consequences
8.
A．trapB．hatredC．competitionD．difficulty
9.
A．simpleB．domesticC．educationalD．unimportant
10.
A．desireB．failureC．practiceD．lateness
11.
A．goalB．topicC．regulationD．argument
12.
A．problemB．pointC．issueD．consequence
13.
A．seniorB．leaderC．winnerD．authority
14.
A．beliefB．rewardC．respectD．apology
15.
A．gainB．regretC．knowD．possess
2023-03-09更新 | 169次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海高二下英语上外版选必2 Unit 3同步练习题试卷（一）含听力
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2023·上海·模拟预测
完形填空(约440词) | 适中(0.65) |
社会问题与社会现象 说明文
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是《共同财富》一书的作者Jeffrey Sachs认为当前的世界状况可以使用简单且成本较低的方式解决，同时也指出了执行这一系列措施的过程中出现的问题，最后也给人类发出警报：这是我们最后的机会啦。

5 . In summarising the state of the planet—rising population, widespread conflict, one-sixth of the planet suffering extreme poverty and hunger, global warming—Jeffrey Sachs, author of “The Common Wealth, can paint a terrible picture. However, he’s an_________ and believes that all of these problems can be overcome in relatively straightforward ways and at relatively little cost. That’s because the root causes are interconnected and _________ man-made.

Take child mortality (死亡). Perhaps surprisingly, the higher the child mortality rate is, the higher the birth rate. This leads to a _________ population which puts a greater stress on already scarce resources, so farmers have to work harder to produce enough food for all, which means children are often put to work in the fields or at home. This, _________ , stops children getting the education which will allow them to learn, among other things, about better farming techniques to increase crop yields and provide more food to eat and sell. Sachs argues that the_________ of providing every child in poverty with an anti-mosquito bed net is a major first step. Malaria(疟疾)is a huge cause of death in children and the bed nets massively _________ infections. The fewer children that die of malaria, the more secure parents feel about their children surviving. The more secure parents feel, the fewer children they have, and so on, revising the _________ trend just described.

However, it is _________ a combination of measures at the same time that truly makes a difference: free school meals improve school attendance and health; supplying fertilisers to improve soil and better seeds provides even better harvests; basic health care and clean water supplies_________ more fatal diseases.

These ideas are already being __________ implemented in over 100 African villages in underdeveloped regions. The cost of the project is just $10 per person per year, of which 50% comes from donors and the rest from a mixture of local and national governments and the villagers themselves.

So if it’s so __________ , why hasn’t it been done before? What about all the aid that has been given to Africa and the underdeveloped countries of the world? Has it been lost to corruption (腐败)? Sachs argues that the real problem is not corruption, but the fact that rich governments have __________ such a lot, but actually given so little. They agreed to give 0.7% of national income in aid, but only five countries have met that __________. He suggests current aid is $24 billion per year, which translates as just ten dollars per person—not nearly enough to implement the __________ measures.

So while Sachs sees an opportunity to end poverty forever, he also raises an __________ that this could be the last chance we have, ‘The longer we wait, the greater is the suffering and the larger the long-term costs?

1.
A．economistB．optimistC．expertD．opponent
2.
A．prospectivelyB．essentiallyC．thoughtfullyD．refreshingly
3.
A．decliningB．globalC．boomingD．local
4.
A．in turnB．by contrastC．on endD．with care
5.
A．truthB．principleC．solutionD．statement
6.
A．transmitB．specifyC．worsenD．reduce
7.
A．downwardB．generalC．modemD．previous
8.
A．describingB．reservingC．adoptingD．protesting
9.
A．modifyB．intensifyC．preventD．locate
10.
A．successfullyB．hesitantlyC．personallyD．worthlessly
11.
A．popularB．simpleC．hardD．strange
12.
A．spentB．promisedC．learnedD．featured
13.
A．requirementB．conditionC．challengeD．target
14.
A．restrictedB．standardizedC．requestedD．combined
15.
A．alarmB．objectionC．amountD．instance
2023-01-12更新 | 434次组卷 | 3卷引用：完形填空变式题
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2023高三·上海·专题练习
完形填空(约430词) | 适中(0.65) |
社会问题与社会现象 说明文
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。经济学家指出我们像草原上的牛仔一样管理着我们的经济:攫取和利用世界上的资源，相信未来会有更多的资源出现。但是，地球与其说是一片草原，不如说是一艘宇宙飞船——一个封闭的系统，独自在太空中，携带着有限的补给。文章主要讲的是经济学家对于人类该如何发展经济提出了各自的看法。
6 . Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. we have run our_________, he warned like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, _________ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is _________ a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, along in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental_________. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to_________its aims and assumptions. What do they say---and will their ideas take off?

To its_________, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is_________ in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature dis not exist. That is a huge mistake.

There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the_________, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP(gross domestic product), a simple_________ which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors.__________, they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI(genuine progress indicator)，a composite(复合的) index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person__________in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer nor richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a ”steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held__________.

Mainstream economists are not__________. GDI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists__________ self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already__________safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.

1.
A．grasslandsB．nationsC．economiesD．spaceships
2.
A．ignorantB．confidentC．astonishedD．anxious
3.
A．lessB．smallerC．moreD．larger
4.
A．movementsB．influencesC．limitsD．threats
5.
A．rejectB．realizeC．resembleD．revolutionize
6.
A．challengersB．learnersC．advocatesD．professors
7.
A．addressedB．ignoredC．opposedD．reflected
8.
A．advancedB．formerC．latterD．scientific
9.
A．numberB．productC．ideaD．measure
10.
A．In additionB．For exampleC．In other wordsD．In its place
11.
A．peakedB．plungedC．persistedD．paused
12.
A．sufficientB．efficientC．constantD．adequate
13.
A．impressedB．involvedC．concernedD．appointed
14.
A．call forB．contribute toC．warn againstD．refer to
15.
A．settingB．oversteppingC．extendingD．redrawing
2022-12-29更新 | 77次组卷 | 1卷引用：专题23：句子翻译（下）-2023年上海市高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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22-23高三上·上海·期中
完形填空(约400词) | 较难(0.4) |
科普知识 社会问题与社会现象 说明文
名校
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在2011年出版的简短指南《揭穿手册》中，John Cook和Stephan Lewandowsky研究了世界观的逆火效应，即如果对错误主张的纠正与你的世界观不一致，就会强化误解。

7 . In The Debunking (揭穿真相) Handbook, a short guide published in 2011, John Cook, at George Mason University, and Stephan Lewandowsky, at the University of Bristol, looked at the world-view backfire effect, the idea that if a correction of a false claim disagrees with your world view, it strengthens the ______. Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter found this in his Iraq study, but he points out that the effect only appeared in two out of five experiments.

What’s more, although some later studies have seen similar results, many haven’t seen the effect at all. This suggests it is much ______ than Reifler’s work suggested, which he thinks is fantastic news.

But whatever you do, don’t point this out, or turn to ______ (“You’re wrong!”, “You’re ignorant”.). Instead, listen and ask questions that ______ why someone has those opinions (“What makes you think that?”).

The good news is that social events are ______ situations for correcting myths. Assuming there is at least some trust between you, the other person will probably hear you out. And corrections from credible, trusted sources are more ______. There’s also far more time to discuss the topic ______ than compared with, say, interactions on social media.

The bad news is that even with all this in mind, you are still unlikely to ______ someone, especially if you are challenging their world view. Corrections that are totally different from one’s world view are by-and-large ineffective, especially in conservative people.

So why even ______? Firstly, people are much less likely to spread false information if they are held accountable for it, says Reifler. ______ your relatives’ false claims may make them think twice before spreading nonsense on another occasion.

And always ______ the other people in the room. Even if you do not change your Aunt Susan’s mind, you may sow a seed in your nieces’ and nephews’ minds.

Indeed, Cook thinks there is little chance of changing the minds of, say, the 7 per cent of people in the US who are very ______ that global warming isn’t happening at all. Instead, he thinks we should ______ the majority still open to persuasion. His studies show that people are less likely to fall for false arguments if they are warned against them. ______, forewarn them about the problem of false balance in the media and their views won’t change when they read an article full of false-balance quotes. Those who are not warned become more ______ their judgement.

1.
A．associationB．offensivenessC．probabilityD．misconception
2.
A．harderB．rarerC．more diverseD．more important
3.
A．reactionsB．judgementsC．forecastsD．reasons
4.
A．revealB．avoidC．defineD．link
5.
A．frustratingB．excellentC．familiarD．occasional
6.
A．widespreadB．deliberateC．inevitableD．effective
7.
A．in personB．in detailC．on purposeD．on business
8.
A．encourageB．impressC．surpriseD．convince
9.
A．tryB．stopC．moveD．wait
10.
A．ValidatingB．InvestigatingC．QuestioningD．Understanding
11.
A．supportB．locateC．interviewD．consider
12.
A．awareB．happyC．sureD．disappointed
13.
A．make upB．look up toC．focus onD．set out on
14.
A．For instanceB．What’s moreC．As a resultD．On the contrary
15.
A．surprised atB．doubtful ofC．curious ofD．annoyed at
2022-11-20更新 | 251次组卷 | 2卷引用：大题预测05 完形填空 -【大题精做】冲刺2024年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（上海专用）
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2022·上海杨浦·二模
完形填空(约350词) | 适中(0.65) |
教育 说明文 新型冠状病毒
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍疫情给教育带来的巨大变化，促使家长更多地参与教育也使得教育更加灵活。

8 . Osley Cook, a music teacher, has worked in education for 27 years and he knows how to help his students learn. He used to _________ the emails for digital teaching tools that appeared in his inbox. However, the coronavirus pandemic _________ Cook to adapt, adopting some of those same digital tools in order to facilitate remote and hybrid learning (混合式学习). And even after _________ to in-person instruction, he’s welcoming new technology, like a smart classroom camera system.

“When I’m teaching a mixed class, if I walk over to percussion (打击乐), then the camera _________ me, meaning whoever is watching on the digital side can see the entire lesson going on.” Cook says. Actually when it comes to change, Cook isn’t _______. Education is changing in many ways.

Parents Are Becoming “Co-teachers”

_________ redefined traditional borders between school and home. Educators had to cooperate with parents like never before, creating a “co-teacher system.” Research shows that parents can have a positive influence on academic achievement by supporting learning at home, especially _________ low-income students. “This year, it felt more like a team. Parents were more _________ to listen to what you have to say. And several were much more vocal with helping me to help their child.” says Melissa, an elementary-school teacher.

Education Is Becoming More _________

Consisting of more than 14,000 school districts across 50 states, the American primary-education system is extensive, diverse, and decentralized. In normal times, all of that works against rapid __________. But the pandemic proved that educators can act quickly and creatively when __________ to do so.

At Rolling Hills Elementary School, principal Cherish Pip organized an event in which roughly 120 students and their families drove through the school’s parking lot to collect books and take-home activities. “Our high-school band came to play. We had our mascot (吉祥物) there. It was just __________” he says.

Educators now see an opportunity to release the “enormous __________ for innovation that is inactive in many education systems.” That means addressing the socioeconomic inequalities that __________ affect academic and social outcomes; repairing aging buildings and facilities; offering more services to students in need.

For many educators, education is changing. They can’t go back, for that’s just not a(n) __________.

1.
A．answerB．ignoreC．receiveD．forward
2.
A．cautionedB．forcedC．temptedD．guided
3.
A．respondingB．opposingC．returningD．sticking
4.
A．freezesB．transmitsC．removesD．follows
5.
A．aloneB．apartC．alikeD．away
6.
A．ExposuresB．LocationsC．ClosuresD．Expansions
7.
A．in the light ofB．in the hope ofC．in the case ofD．in combination with
8.
A．carefulB．optimisticC．reluctantD．willing
9.
A．TemporaryB．FlexibleC．CompulsoryD．Predictable
10.
A．campaignB．changeC．assemblyD．resistance
11.
A．authorizedB．remindedC．forbiddenD．guaranteed
12.
A．festiveB．normalC．noisyD．dizzy
13.
A．appealB．demandC．potentialD．evidence
14.
A．positivelyB．mechanicallyC．subjectivelyD．negatively
15.
A．parallelB．optionC．initiativeD．reference
2022-06-24更新 | 243次组卷 | 2卷引用：2022年上海市二模汇编-完形填空
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2022·上海闵行·二模
完形填空(约340词) | 适中(0.65) |
社会问题与社会现象 说明文
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。成年人常常羞于寻求帮助。这是一种会让人感到敏感的行为。新的研究表明，出于同样的原因，年幼的孩子在学校里也不寻求帮助，即使他们需要帮助。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及解决方案。

9 . Anyone could be in his or her unfavorable situations, whatever their ages and social status. Adults are often ______ asking for help. It’s an act that can make people feel ______. The moment you ask for directions, after all，you reveal that you may be lost. Seeking someone’s assistance can make you feel like you are broadcasting your ______. New research suggests young children don’t seek ______ in school, even when they need it, for the same reason.

To learn more about how children think about looking for help, we asked 576 children, aged four to nine, to predict the ______ of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others.

Children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be ______ to ask for assistance. They could still conceive of (想象) situations in which the kid who wanted to seem smart would seek help: when assistance could be sought ______ (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.

We also found that they recognize several more behaviors that might make a child appear less clever in front of fellow kids, such as ______ failure or modestly downplaying successes. Children are therefore strongly aware of several ways in which a person's actions might make them appear less ______ in the eyes of others.

However, a number of ______ can be found to help children. Our first ______ may be to motivate seeking help by emphasizing its educational benefits. But ______ barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. For example, instructors could create activities in which each student becomes an “expert” on a different topic, and then children must ask one another for help to master all of the material. If seeking help is understood as a(n) ______ classroom activity, kids may be less likely to think of it as indicative (表明) of one’s ability.

Seeking help could even be framed as ______ desirable. After all, asking for help often benefits not just the help seeker but also others listening in who have ______ questions or struggles.

1.
A．delighted withB．ready forC．serious aboutD．embarrassed about
2.
A．impersonalB．sensitiveC．helplessD．desperate
3.
A．incapabilityB．enthusiasmC．generosityD．friendliness
4.
A．protectionB．individualityC．assistanceD．personality
5.
A．behaviorB．intelligenceC．successD．capability
6.
A．readyB．unlikelyC．comfortableD．desperate
7.
A．separatelyB．moderatelyC．purposefullyD．privately
8.
A．admittingB．neglectingC．avoidingD．underestimating
9.
A．friendlyB．smartC．independentD．reliable
10.
A．theoriesB．reasonsC．solutionsD．researches
11.
A．missionB．adviceC．instinctD．barrier
12.
A．instructiveB．decisiveC．intellectualD．reputational
13.
A．ordinaryB．vividC．achievableD．virtual
14.
A．personallyB．mentallyC．potentiallyD．socially
15.
A．dominantB．similarC．complexD．original
2022-06-24更新 | 160次组卷 | 2卷引用：2022年上海市二模汇编-完形填空
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2022·上海崇明·二模
完形填空(约380词) | 困难(0.15) |
社会问题与社会现象 说明文 人工智能
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在发展人工智能中可能会出现的各种偏见。

10 . Artificial intelligence (AI) has amazing potential to change the world, and we’ve only just begun to scratch the surface. As AI matures and people move further away from distinct programming and monitoring of systems, unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause _______ harm for individuals and society. This bias might _______ input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.

All too often, data sets are incomplete and the sample represented in the data set does not _______ the population that the AI model is making predictions about — this is known as coverage bias. Some other types of bias related to input data include sampling bias, where data is not collected randomly from the target group, and participation bias, where users from certain groups _______ surveys at different rates than users from other groups. Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong _______ belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives. This could lead one to more strongly _______ data that confirms a preexisting belief.

Bias resulting from AI algorithms themselves, or algorithmic bias, is equally _______. One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias, where data scientists _______ make associations or assumptions based on their mental models and memories that affect data modeling decisions. Implicit bias can _______ how data is collected and classified, or how systems are designed and developed. As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people. Ethical (道德的) AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods to ________ mistakes and inaccuracies.

To create ethical AI, companies need to put the ________ of the individual at the center of data innovation. This means thinking about ________ rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.

Having ________ data practices for AI means having good AI governance. This governance not only focuses on data and analytics but also understands the impacts of any given analysis and makes sure it’s ________ and accurate. Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency (透明性).

None of this will be easy, but true innovation never is. By coming together and working on the problem of bias now, before it becomes a(n) ________ force, businesses can help bring out the best AI has to offer the world.

1.
A．theoreticalB．psychologicalC．disproportionateD．unintended
2.
A．arise fromB．contribute toC．take overD．make up
3.
A．inspireB．matchC．protectD．restrict
4.
A．quitB．administerC．compareD．analyze
5.
A．distinctB．predictableC．originalD．widespread
6.
A．restoreB．implyC．missD．favor
7.
A．embarrassingB．dangerousC．relevantD．ridiculous
8.
A．intentionallyB．temporarilyC．automaticallyD．appropriately
9.
A．influenceB．helpC．attractD．predict
10.
A．admitB．defineC．addressD．publicize
11.
A．belongingsB．expressionsC．characteristicsD．needs
12.
A．civilB．digitalC．legalD．natural
13.
A．frequentB．responsibleC．peculiarD．graceful
14.
A．fairB．quickC．appealingD．adequate
15.
A．leadingB．innovativeC．culturalD．destructive
2022-06-23更新 | 1042次组卷 | 3卷引用：2022年上海市二模汇编-完形填空
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