1 . People from all walks of life tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email. Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this.

The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a problem. They had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers. Dr. Johnson said, "They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation."

Generally the information was not extremely personal. It was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live. But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences.

Dr. Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras. "If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself. This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking," said Dr. Johnson. However, this style of talking is not completely new. "In the 19th century people started to use the ‘telegraph’ to communicate. Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely."

Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company. " If you don’t know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to."

1. What is the subject discussed in this passage?

A．How to communicate using email.

B．How to solve a problem using email.

C．How people open up when emailing.

D．How people do research studies when emailing.

2. What is the reason why some pairs talked freely about themselves?

A．They couldn’t see each other

B．They didn’t talk about very personal things

C．The cameras on the computers were turned on

D．They had to discuss a question

3. What does the underlined sentence refer to?

A．The telegraph.	B．Emailing.
C．The computer.	D．Face-to-face talk.

4. Which of the following is the Dr. Johnson’s opinion?

A．We should focus on ourselves when emailing.

B．We should talk more freely in emails than usual.

C．We should discuss any subject when emailing.

D．We should consider how to use email at work.

2 . If you visit Rwanda’s capital city of Kigali, you’ll see how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the city. There are dozens of hand-washing basins at the city’s bus stations that allow passengers to wash their hands before getting on the bus. Layla Mc Cay, director of the Centre for Urban Design and Mental Health in the AUAS? told the BBC, “If everyone was washing their hands actively, we would see a reduction in all types of infection.”

In fact, every time there is a serious disease outbreak somewhere in the world, city planners come up with new ideas to fight it. Pandemics have been shaping our cities for a long time.

In 1854, for example, a cholera (霍乱) outbreak in London, UK led to the design of modern sewers (下水道).At that time, Londoners’ drinking water came from groundwater. It was heavily polluted by wastewater. The sewer system separated the wastewater from the groundwater. This stopped the spread of cholera.“By sewering certain towns in England, the death rate from lung diseases alone was reduced by 50 percent,” George Pierson wrote in his book The Separate System of Sewerage.

In New York,US,tuberculosis(肺结核)killed many people in the early 1900s. One reason was the overcrowded conditions in apartment buildings. Eventually the New York government made laws that required all apartments to have air shafts, windows, running water and indoor toilets.

During this year’s pandemic, Mayor of Paris Anne Hidaogo introduced the idea of decentralizing the city——every neighborhood should have a mix of stores, homes, offices, and other important buildings. Every basic need should be just a 15-minute walk away. This would reduce crowding on public transportation and prevent the spread of disease.

1. What can we know about Kigali, according to the paragraph 1?

A．Layla Me Cay takes charge of the city.

B．Passengers can’t board the bus without washing hands.

C．You can only find dozens of hand-washing basins in public places.

D．The government provides facilities to reduce the risk of infection.

2. What does the underlined phrase “decentralizing the city” mean?

A．Allowing the city more focused.	B．Making the city more attractive.
C．Dividing the city into several parts.	D．Having the city less central.

3. How does the author support his idea?

A．By listing examples.	B．By giving comments.
C．By making comparison.	D．By following the order of time.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Keeping our cities beautiful.	B．Pandemic changes city design.
C．Several severe diseases in history.	D．How COVID-19 changed our life.

3 . My wife has watched me write, blog and make speeches for a few years now. I’ve encouraged her to do her own video blog (vlog), too, because she is always watching them, but she hasn’t been interested in the spotlight.

Now that enough time has passed, she is ready to go for it! Angelika is a great cook, so she is going to do a cooking show. I am just thrilled that she has found a passion to pursue in a way that works for her.

I’m smart enough to step back and let her go at her own pace. I know that being there for emotional support or however she needs me is important. Now that my wife will have a studio worthy of her talents and personality, she will only make the kitchen look better.

Part of me hopes that I will spend the rest of my life watching and tasting her creations. When you start to express your creative drive, it can be a wonderful ride. When the love of your life takes the ride with you, and starts to drive, it’s pretty cool way to travel through life.

I am at my best when being creative, whether in front of a keyboard or a live audience. I have always encouraged creative answers to life. There is always more than one right way to do something.

Yes, public attention in our social media world has become a marker of success, but it means more when you are sending a positive message. Helping people enjoy their lives a little more is a big deal.

This project will not just make her happy but make us closer. I am aware that this is her project, not mine. I will answer any questions she asks but be careful about offering unwanted advice. What she doesn't know she will learn. You never want to take that process away from anyone.

1. Why didn’t Angelika try vlogging before?

A．She was too busy to do it.	B．She had no such talent or skill.
C．She lacked self-confidence.	D．She didn’t enjoy being on camera.

2. What’s the author’s attitude to Angelika’s decision?

A．Worried.

B．Doubtful.

C．Supportive.

D．Unconcerned.

3. What does the author think is important in doing a vlog?

A．Delivering positive messages with creativity.

B．Showing how successful you are.

C．Experiencing the ups and downs it brings.

D．Interacting with a live audience.

4. How will the author help his wife?

A．He will prepare ingredients.	B．He will provide emotional support.
C．He will offer comments.	D．He will guide her every step.