3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the word in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. permission          B. particularly          C. experiencing          D. contact          E. identifying        F. seek G. increasing          H. obviously          I. responsible          J. guaranteeing          K. access

Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little environmental influence. But with     1     numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively and leave no mark.

Wild camping is not permitted in many places,     2     in crowded lowland Britain. Whenever you are, find out about organizations     3     for managing wild spaces, and     4     them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner's     5    , except in national park.

Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors,     6     bad weather, and making food without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite seems to go against this, so     7     out smaller, more remote places with easy     8     to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: walking in makes a real adventure.

Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to     9     a good night's sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have     10     camped before rather than creating a new spot. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made-changing it should be unnecessary.

4 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. administered            B. assess          C. evaluating          D. externally     E improperly F. Life-threatening        G. measures            H. original        I preexisting          J. principles          K vital

First Aid: Difference between Death and Life

First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain    1    signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be    2    as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.

First-aid    3    depend upon a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example,    4    moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.

Despite the variety of injuries possible, several    5    of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next,    6    the scene, asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and    7    conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.

First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether    8    conditions exist. One method for    9    a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:

A-Airway: is it open and clear?

B-Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.

C-Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding    10    ? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

5 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. understand	B. information	C. freely	D. permit	E. results
F. develop	G. ordinary	H. local	I. normal	J. interview
K. allows

As societies develop, their members start to see things not so much according to what they need, but according to what they want. When people have enough money, these wants become demands.

Now, it’s important for the managers in a company to     1     what their customers want if they are going to     2     effective marketing strategies. There are various ways of doing this. One way at supermarkets, for example, is to     3     customers while they're doing shopping. They can be asked what they prefer to buy and then the     4     of the research can be studied. This provides information on which to base future marketing strategies. It's also quite     5     for top managers from department stores to spend a day or two each month visiting stores and mixing     6     with the public, as if they were     7     customers, to get an idea of how customers act.

Another way to get     8     from customers is to give them something. For example, some fast food restaurants give away tickets in magazines or on the street that     9     customers to get part of their meal for nothing. As well as being a good way of attracting customers into the restaurants to spend their money, it also     10     the managers to get a feel for where to attract customers, and which age-groups to attract.