3 . An interview is a discussion with someone in which you try to get information from them.     1     There are three basic sub-types of interview: structured interviews, unstructured interviews and semi-structured interviews.     2     Incidentally, “respondent” and “informant” are words that are sometimes used instead of “interviewee”.

A great deal is provided by this personal contact: you are another human being, and interviewees will respond to you, in bodily presence, in an entirely different way from the way that they would have reacted to questionnaires that came through their letterboxes or to emails.     3     Most people want to help and give their opinions, and they will usually be energized to help by your physical presence.

If you take the trouble to schedule a visit, you can be more or less guaranteed of a response. Most importantly, though, you will be able to relate to interviewees while you are talking to them.     4     You will be able to watch their behaviour which will give you important clues about how they feel about a topic. Because of the primacy of the personal contact, your appearance and tone are important—how do you want to be seen? As “one of us”? As a person in authority? As an observer? …Or what?     5     However you decide to present yourself, it is good practice of course to try to put the interviewee at ease before the interview begins — to talk about the weather, about your journey, about anything that will break the ice.

4 . For most people, graduation is an exciting day the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day... was not.

I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to watch our class walk across that stage. But like everyone else in my graduating class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two. and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as 1 was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loans was creeping ever closer.

You know that feeling when you wake up and you are just consumed with fear? Fear about something you can't control—that sense of approaching failure that remains over you as you hope that everything that happened to you thus far was just a bad dream? That feeling became a constant in my life. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much 1 tried, 1 just couldn't seem to make any progress.

So what did I do to maintain my sanity（理智）？ I wrote. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough... sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I channeled my frustration into a children's book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world — just a lol of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. 1 was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview with The Walt Disney Company and was hired shortly after.

The moral of this story is... don't give up. Even if things look bleak now, don't give up. Things change If you work hard, give it time, and don't give up, things will always get better Oftentimes all we need is the courage to push beyond the river.

6 . Some of us take on second jobs to make ends meet. Some do it for a chance to do the work they actually enjoy. And some of us create our own second jobs to build a business or create our own projects. No matter what the reason, though, juggling more than one job is guaranteed to be a “crash” course in time management.

We all know that we’ll have to figure out a time management system when we take on a second job. Equally obvious is the fact that what works for one person (and their jobs) probably won’t work for anyone else.     1    . There are a few tricks, though, that can help.

    2    . Even if you are the boss on your second job — you’re working for yourself — you have an obligation to keep that work separate from your day job. Focus on what’s in front of you. There’s actually a benefit to punching a clock when you work for more than one supervisor. When you’re on the clock for Company A, you know exactly which projects you should be working on. If Company A is paying for this time, you should be theirs, heart and soul, at least until you clock out.

Good records can also help. I’m not just talking about the calendars and task lists most of us rely on. Making sure that you have any contact information available whether you’re at Job A, Job B or home can take some extra effort, but it’s worth it.     3    .

I know plenty of people who bring their work to their primary job. It seems to be a favorite tactic of folks starting up a freelancing career or small business. I don’t think that’s the best way to manage a packed schedule. If you don’t have your primary employer’s permission, the arrangement is secret at best. That said, these situations do happen. If you’re in one of them, the best advice is to just keep things quiet.

Some companies don’t want to work anywhere else. They want to put in your eight hours, go home, sleep well and come back rested. Others consider employees who go looking for other projects as its benefits --such employees have a jump start on networking and have a wider variety of experiences.

Unfortunately, most supervisors do not come with a label describing which variety they belong to.     4    . So the general rule seems to be that you keep quiet on your extracurricular activities. I wouldn’t talk about Job A at Job B, although, if my boss was to bring up the matter, I’d be entirely truthful.

7 . Migrant workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have ____ most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the ____ in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to ____ outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.

In view of the ____ living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a ____ attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low ____ or a complete lack of it. This ____ the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.

Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. ____, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. ____, many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater ____ to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do ____ work in their home country.

One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are ____ ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be ____ since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this ____, along with others, because of the ____ financial benefits which they receive.

8 . I grew up in a poor family with a group of adopted kids, my father and a wonderful mother. We had little money, but plenty of _________ and attention. I was happy and energetic. I understood that no matter how poor a person was, he could still _________ a dream.

My dream was athletics. When I was sixteen, I could throw a ninety-mile-per-hour baseball and hit anything moving on the field. I was also _________ to have Ollie Jarvis as my high-school coach, who not only _________ me but taught me how to be confident. One particular incident with Jarvis _________ my life forever.

It was the summer holiday in senior two and a friend _________ me for a summer job. This meant a _________ for money in my pocket, and the start of _________ for a house for my mother. The summer job was _________ , and I wanted to jump at the opportunity.

Then I realized I would have to __________ summer baseball training to handle the work schedule. I was __________ about telling my coach, and I pressed myself with the __________ on the dilemma from the mother, “If you make your bed, you have to lie in it.”

When I told Jarvis, he was as mad as expected. “You have your whole life to work,” he said, “but your playing days are __________. You can’t afford to waste them. ”

I stood with my head hanging, trying to explain why my __________ of buying mom a house and having money __________ his disappointment in me. He asked me about the money I would make at the job. __________ , he said, “Is $3. 25 an hour the price of a dream?”

That question made me __________ the difference between wanting something __________ and having a long-term goal. I __________ myself to baseball training, and within the year I was offered a $20,000 contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates. I __________ it since I already had a baseball scholarship to the University of Arizona. I signed with the Boston Red Sox in 1984 for $1. 7 million, and bought my mother the house of my dream.

10 . Latest research provides some good news for those who hope to someday live in a world where women coders and surgeons are as plentiful as their male workmates: Today s elementary school girls are actually more interested in pursuing a STEM（science, tech, engineering, math）career than their male classmates are.

What’s more, while young boys’ ideal jobs have stayed relatively unfluctuating over the past 20 years of the century, young girls’ career dreams have grown more ambitious. Back in 1998, a study found that 11-year-old boys were most interested in becoming an athlete, a service member, or an engineer. Now, a new survey of children 10 and younger found that boys` career dreams have stayed relatively stable. In this study, girls said they aspired（渴望）to be teachers, nurses and hairdressers.

Also notable: Overall, girls are more likely to say they are interested in a STEM job than their male workmates. Indeed, 41% of girls express interest in technical careers, vs. 32% of boys.

"Yet while girls’ increased interest in scientific careers is clearly something to celebrate, there is still progress to be made to make it a reality," said Simon Isaacs, a researcher. "We can celebrate the girls’ focus on STEM, but if we look at children aged 1 through 10 right now, we still have a long way to go with regard to getting girls involved in engineering, computer programming and other tech fields." Other recent studies have similarly found that despite their great interest in STEM careers, most American girls believe they are relatively unlikely to end up in a job that requires computer science or engineering skills simply because they don’t think these jobs belong to girls. "Even as we talk about being a generation that is growing up more gender-non-conformist（无性别意识的）than any other generation, we aren`t necessarily seeing that translate into what kids want to be," said Isaacs.

Isaacs said that he decided to pursue this research to better understand how today’s culture of role models—who are as diverse as Mark Zuckerberg and Malala Yousafzai—are hugely shaping the next generation of students’ career ambitions.

"What we find at the elementary level is that kids are often basing their aspirations on whatever they’ve been exposed to in the media," said Tony Wagner, an expert. Wagner says that gender standards described in the media have begun to change, specifically with regard to female characters in medicine and science. Wagner has found that girls are more interested in careers that are described as having a direct human connection, like medicine and education. "What they don’t understand is that much of engineering and other STEM work, is profoundly human-centered. The problem lies in how it’s taught," he said.