1 . About 72% of Americans use social media, where it’s common to make new friends, build relationships, or share photos of your daily life.
Social media allows people to connect in ways that wouldn’t otherwise be possible, and can often expand (扩展) people’s social circles, says Kathryn Moore, Ph. D., a psychologist at Providence Saint John’s Child and Family Development Center in Santa Monica. On social media, you can connect with those people in similar situations and share worries, fears, and celebrations, Moore says. According to her research, up to 64% of teens report they have made a new friend online, for example, and 83% of teens report that social media makes them feel more connected with their friends.
Social media can negatively impact relationships when you start comparing yourself to other people, including your friends, just based on their social media, Moore says. For example, some may fear their lives aren’t as good as their friends’ and take friendships away because they feel they’re not good enough. Problems with self-esteem (自尊) can also appear when posting about some relationships on social media, but not all of them. “People might feel left out that they’re not as important if they’re not being shared on social media,” Moore says. Cyberbullying (网络霸凌) can also negatively impact relationships, whether you are receiving mean comments or sending them to someone else.
In order to grow a relationship that started online you should show the real you. To deepen a relationship that started on social media, Moore suggests talking on the phone or meeting in person. This allows for more fluid (流畅的) conversations, where you can communicate in real time. Remember that the people who you meet online can become an important part of your life.
“If a relationship created through online resources is treated with respect and consideration, it can be a great way to meet someone you might never have had the chance to meet,” says Don Grant, Ph. D., chairman of the American Psychological Association’s Device Management & Intelligence Committee.
1. What can we say about social media according to Moore’s research?| A．It has become the most important way for teens to make friends. |
| B．It prevents people from making friends in real life. |
| C．It can help teens to develop real relationships. |
| D．It makes teens feel more lonely and lost. |
| A．Social media may influence relationships in a bad way. |
| B．Building relationships online is not a piece of cake. |
| C．Relationship online makes people less connected. |
| D．Social media increases the risk of cyberbullying. |
| A．It leads people to lose chances to meet face to face. |
| B．It is more respectable than the relationship in real life. |
| C．It can be meaningful if dealt with properly. |
| D．It can be developed in an informal way. |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
2 . A study by a team of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) psychologists has found a link between extraverts (外向的人) and their word choices. The finding highlights the need for stronger linguistic indicators to be developed for use in online personality prediction tools, which are being rapidly adopted by companies to improve digital marketing strategies.
Today, marketing companies use predictive algorithms (算法) to help them forecast what consumers want based on their online behaviors. For example, an extravert consumer might be attracted to marketing messages that match their personality, and retail brands could then choose to target such consumers by using more extraverted and creative language to advertise their products. However, personality prediction tools available today that are used by marketing firms are not entirely accurate due to a lack of theoretically sound designs. This may lead to a weakness affecting the performance of the machine learning algorithms. This begs the question—how should we create robust and accurate personality predictions?
The study found a correlation between extraverts and their tendency to use certain categories of words. The results showed a small strength of relationship between extraversion and the use of “positive emotion words” and “social process words.”
Positive emotion words are defined as words that describe a pleasant emotional state, such as “love”, ”happy”, or “blessed”, or that indicate positivity or optimism, such as “beautiful” or “nice”. Social process words include words containing personal pronouns except “I”, and words showing social intentions, such as “meet”, “share” and “talk”.
Moving forward, the NTU research team will investigate the relationship between extraversion and other word categories. They hope their work will provide clarity on the types of words that can help guide the development of more accurate machine learning tools for personality prediction.
1. We learn from the passage the findings of the study can be used to help ______.| A．observe consumers’ behavior |
| B．forecast the need of companies |
| C．create practical personality predictions |
| D．find correlation between extraverts and ads |
| A．Renewable. | B．Forceful. | C．Doubtful. | D．Variable. |
| A．Dispute. | B．Interaction. | C．Disaster. | D．Loneliness. |
| A．The direction of future research. |
| B．The theoretical basis of the study. |
| C．The strength of business strategies. |
| D．The development of machine learning tools. |
Introduce Yourself
It’s not necessary to be clever when you introduce yourself. Simply focus on being genuine and sincere. When you approach the other person to start the conversation, give him a warm smile and clearly state your name.
Begin the Conversation
Continue the Conversation
If you are building a rapport(关系), feel free to move on to a bit more personal topics to continue the conversation.
When you have run out of things to say or need to move on to do something else, prepare your exit strategy. You may say that you need to use the bathroom or catch up with someone else. Let the other person know how much you enjoyed talking to her.
| A．End the Conversation. |
| B．Bring up a general topic to begin the conversation. |
| C．This will help keep the conversation flowing freely. |
| D．If appropriate, make plans to talk again at a later date. |
| E．Your conversational partner will feel valued and appreciated. |
| F．Explain who you are and why you want to have the conversation. |
| G．You may want to ask about his favourite hobby, his career, his classes or upcoming events. |
4 . “Psychological well-being(心理健康)” is important to a person. Studies have discovered that people with higher psychological well-being are more likely to live healthier and longer lives. They are also more likely to enjoy a better quality of life.
Living a life with meaning and purpose is key to improving your psychological well-being. Your purpose doesn’t necessarily have to involve(涉及)changing the world or setting a goal of helping others though.
Thinking positively(积极地)improves your psychological well-being. In turn, as your psychological well-being improves, it becomes easier to think positively.
| A．Finally, put the plan into practice. |
| B．Forgiving others is key to good psychological well-being. |
| C．Strong social support helps stay psychologically healthy. |
| D．Instead, you might make it your purpose to be kind every day. |
| E．So it’s necessary to improve your psychological well-being. |
| F．Luckily, you can create that positive cycle with some simple methods. |
| G．Better psychological well-being is also related with fewer social problems. |
5 . Letter writing may seem like a lost art to many of us, but for Emerson Weber, it’s a way of life. Emerson is a fifth-grader. Her dad said the 11-year-old has a(n)
One day, she decided to write a
“You may know me as the person that lives here that writes a lot of
Emerson gave Doug the letter and was
Now that their story has gone viral (传播开来), Emerson’s dad is
| A．serious | B．strange | C．common | D．unconscious |
| A．carries | B．contributes | C．sends | D．shows |
| A．signs | B．gifts | C．rewards | D．goods |
| A．public | B．secret | C．standard | D．special |
| A．focused | B．organized | C．connected | D．motivated |
| A．reviews | B．books | C．poems | D．letters |
| A．improving | B．delivering | C．exchanging | D．reading |
| A．important | B．familiar | C．faithful | D．available |
| A．believable | B．successful | C．happy | D．popular |
| A．phone | B．car | C．job | D．hobby |
| A．interesting | B．worthwhile | C．affordable | D．possible |
| A．eager | B．thrilled | C．fortunate | D．disappointed |
| A．believes | B．remembers | C．loves | D．knows |
| A．allowing | B．encouraging | C．promising | D．forcing |
| A．writes about | B．deals with | C．refers to | D．longs for |
6 . Criticism is harmful to healthy relationships.
Changing Your Behavior
●Think before you speak.
●Separate the individual from their actions. If you work on separating the person from the action, you may naturally want to criticize less. As you realize you cannot judge a person’s character based on a single choice or decision, you will be unable to call someone out for being rude or disrespectful.
●Focus on positives. Oftentimes, being critical results from how you’re choosing to see a situation. Everyone has shortcomings. However, the vast majority of people have good qualities that outweigh bad ones.
Communicating More Effectively
●
●Ask for what you want directly. Inefficient communication often results in heavy criticism.
●Consider the other party’s perspective. If you criticize others too often, you may be shutting out the other person’s point of view. Try to step in another person’s shoes before criticizing and you may get some new and special ideas.
| A．Give feedback rather than criticism. |
| B．However, there are ways to avoid criticism. |
| C．Try to focus on a person’s positive qualities over their negative ones. |
| D．If you find yourself making assumptions about a person’s character, stop yourself. |
| E．If you’re not telling someone what you want, that person cannot be expected to know. |
| F．Criticism should, ideally, be working towards an effective solution to a negative situation. |
| G．When you want to dish out criticism, pause and consider whether you really need to say anything. |
7 . Are you patient? Do you have attention to detail, free time and access to a computer? Well, then a scientist might welcome your help. Researchers in the UK say it’s becoming important to count on common people to help them with their projects. They need people to examine data and submit their observations online.
British teenagers Sasha and Matthew are taking part in a study of penguins (企鹅) from the comfort of their homes. The pair look at pictures and tag (加标签于) photos identifying adults, chicks and eggs. Every click of their mouse is helping to build up a detailed picture of penguin colonies (群). They, and thousands of others, are helping scientists to understand why some colonies are growing and others are decreasing. Within the first four hours of Penguin Watch going live, “citizen scientists” marked more images than the research team did in five years.
Dr. Tom Hart, Penguin Watch Coordinator at Oxford University, says, “When you go beyond what a scientist can analyse to what a mass audience can do, then it increases beyond what any other project could do.”
The British Science Association says families are helping out with careful research. It made a difference to the Planet Hunters Project, which ran for five years. Volunteers looked at dots which showed how the brightness of a star changed at different points in its solar system.
According to Dr. Robert Simpson from Oxford University, who took part in the project, the volunteers discovered planets and these are now in published papers. He says with pride, “We can go and look at these planets with other telescopes and we know they exist because of those helpers.”
But how do scientists guard their research against accidental or deliberate mistakes in observation? Dr. Simpson isn’t worried. “We get lots of people looking at the same things, ”he says. The researcher warns that people who are mistakenly clicking on the site are very obvious and can be identified very quickly. So, there’s no fooling the scientists.
And to make sure things go well, the Penguin Watch paper will go through a peer review before being published. After that, every “citizen scientist” will be credited.
1. According to the passage, who will be suitable to help the scientists?| A．An engineer who works in a company. |
| B．A university student who likes science. |
| C．A businessman who invests in a new project. |
| D．A careful teenager who uses the computer smoothly. |
| A．Publish his observation data by himself. |
| B．Observe pictures and record his observation. |
| C．Discuss his observation with other volunteers. |
| D．Take his report to the scientist and correct mistakes. |
| A．By working with volunteers. | B．By using their own data. |
| C．By identifying pictures and photos. | D．By going through a peer review. |
| A．Objective | B．Supportive. | C．Negative. | D．Doubtful. |
There is immense value in stepping out of your comfort zone and making a change to your life that you truly want to happen. This not only creates your
The first step is to change your words. Your words-whether spoken or thought-influence your own experience and
“By taking just a couple of breaths before speaking, we can first open our hearts, and feel the connection and appreciation for ourselves and whoever we’re communicating with or about,” explains Andrea Gardener.
This conscious action will transform the words
9 . Social events can be frightening for a woman because they usually involve huge crowds. Some manage to become the life of the party like a natural.
Being the life of the party means you have to turn heads as soon as you enter the room.
Keep yourself active at the party. Don’t sit in a corner and wait for people to talk to you.
There will be friendly strangers looking to start a conversation with you during the party. If someone approaches you with kind intentions, you may act in return for their effort. Getting to know other people in social events will help improve your confidence.
Some people turn out to be the centre of attention, even if they don’t follow the steps above. The important thing is that you’re having fun, which is better than becoming the life of the party.
| A．Pick the perfect dress for a party |
| B．When you recognise someone inside the party |
| C．When you are within steps away from the front door |
| D．Before you go to a party, take your time in preparation |
| E．When you decide to do something fun and eye-catching |
| F．However, be cautious of strangers who are too aggressive |
| G．A lot of people end up making a fool of themselves, though |
The key to success in both personal and professional relationships lies in your ability to communicate well. It’s not the words that you use but your body language that speaks the
Whether you’re aware of it or not, when you interact with others, you
In some
