1 . For nearly ten years, I have spent my Monday evenings attending rehearsals for my amateur choir(合唱队). Mondays are not my favourite day, and I often arrive in a bad mood, but by the end of the rehearsal, I usually feel energized. The singing does me good. So do the people. With a few exceptions, I would not describe my fellow choir members as close friends. We exchange brief chats, smiles and jokes-—but that is enough for me to come away feeling a little better about the world.
There is no choir practice now, and won’t be for a long time. I miss it. In lockdown, I do not feel short on emotional support, but I do feel short of friendly faces and casual conversations. Another way of putting this is that I miss my “weak ties”.
In 1973, Mark Granovetter, a sociology professor at Stanford University, published a paper entitled “The Strength of Weak Ties”. Until then, scholars had assumed that an individual’s well-being depended mainly on the quality of relationships with close friends and family. Granovetter showed that quantity mattered, too. He categorized a person’s social world as “strong ties” and “weak ties”. His central insight was that for new ideas, weak ties are more important to us than strong ones. As Granovetter pointed out, the people whom we often talk to swim in the same pool of information as we do. We depend on acquaintances whom we see infrequently to bring us news of opportunities.
This was the idea behind the Pixar building, the design of which was overseen by Steve Jobs. The building has a large central hall through which employees from different departments have to pass several times a day. Jobs wanted colleagues to bump into each other and shoot the breeze(闲聊). He believed in the power of these seemingly random conversations to fire up creativity.
Encounters with weak ties can be good for our mental well-being, too. Gillian Sandstrom, a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Essex, investigated the extent to which people get happiness from weak-tie relationships. She found that on days when a person had a greater number of casual interactions with weak ties-say, a local barista(咖啡师), a neighbour, a member of yoga class-they experienced more happiness and a greater sense of belonging.
For these reasons, we should continue to find ways to cultivate weak-tie relationships, during lockdown and beyond. Sandstrom adds that we can also engage in more weak-tie-style interactions with our strong ties. The goal is to let others know that you are thinking of them without asking for a great deal of time, energy or attention.
1. What can we learn about the author from the article?A.She has been a singer from an early age. |
B.She finds her Mondays quite difficult. |
C.She barely knows most of her fellow choir members. |
D.She has trouble maintaining friendships during lockdown. |
A.have the same concerns | B.avoid conflicts of interests |
C.see each other too frequently | D.be exposed to similar facts and ideas |
A.make you feel connected | B.improve your social skills |
C.put you in a cheerful mood | D.provide you with inspiration |
A.It’s important to regularly interact with all of our friends. |
B.It’s difficult to achieve a balance between strong- and weak-tie friendships. |
C.It’s unnecessary to spend a lot of time strengthening friendship with our strong ties. |
D.It’s a pity that people have had to shrink their social networks during lockdown. |
2 . How to communicate better with other people
As people who live in society we need to communicate daily with other people——friends, families, co-workers, our partners and so on, regardless of whether we like social relationships.
Adapt your language. It is necessary that you know how to adapt your language to the training and educational level of the person you are speaking with and to the context where the conversation takes place.
Look into the eyes. If you do not look directly into the eyes when you speak, it can give the feeling that you would like to be somewhere else or that the conversation ends as soon as possible. But looking very fixedly without looking away can make the other person uncomfortable.
Make people feel comfortable when talking to you.
Practice active listening. Looking into the eyes, nodding or adding small comments is what is known as active listening. During the conversation, it is necessary to remain silent.
A.Do not judge ahead of time. |
B.Sometimes, people get nervous when talking to you. |
C.Body language can help us solve this problem. |
D.It is unnecessary to learn how to express yourself correctly. |
E.However, it is more important to give signals that you are paying attention. |
F.So the ideal is to find a balance, then forget about it and do it naturally. |
G.Learning to make yourself understood and interact correctly with others is very important. |
You really have two different questions here, so we’ll discuss them one at a time. Your problems at school may be a result of a number of things. You don’t say much about how these classmates get along with each other. It’s possible that all the students are feeling a little cautious (谨慎的) in the first term.
It’s also possible that the others are unkind. If this is so, you have to find out why you are the class “outsider”.
In your letter you say you often offer to help others with their work. Is it possible that your classmates don’t understand your offers? Could it seem that you were trying to “buy” friends with these offers?
Is it possible that you took no notice of your classmates when you had your good friend near you? They may have felt hurt at that time. It may take a time for them to believe in you if so. Try to ask one classmate directly what the problem is. If you hear a negative (负面的) answer, at least you’ll know what to do.
Yours truly,
Shelia
1. From the letter we know that Alice was very ________.A.lucky | B.unkind | C.clever | D.unhappy |
A.Alice wasn’t pleased with her teachers |
B.Alice’s parents made her study too hard |
C.Alice didn’t get along well with her classmates |
D.Alice didn’t want to go to school any more |
A.four | B.six | C.seven | D.eight |
A.Alice should find out the true reason for her problems |
B.Alice should leave school as soon as possible |
C.Alice should get one negative answer |
D.Alice should buy friends with her offers |
4 . Lying to friends and family members may seem like a way to lose their trust.
To study how these two types of lies affect relationships within social groups, researchers created a hypothetical (假定的) mathematical model. The model showed that individuals who tell anti-social lies become isolated (孤立的) within their social networks sometimes.
While the researchers created a hypothetical model, it could be used to understand how lying affects groups of friends in the real world.
A.Do white lies serve a social function? |
B.And real-world lies can take many forms. |
C.What exactly are the “right” reasons for lying? |
D.But new research suggests this may not always be the case. |
E.This type of lie weakens the friendships between two people. |
F.However, individuals who tell white lies don’t have such feeling. |
G.It could also help scientists understand the influence of lying in online communities. |
5 . How to Build Trust?
Trust in the workplace is important to aid in communication, teamwork, and progress. Keep reading to learn how you can build trust in the workplace.
Be truthful.
Pay your employees fairly. When employees feel less paid, they feel undervalued. Have an honest conversation with your employees about their pay and what the people around them are getting paid.
Praise people for their efforts. Make sure you callout the good stuff, not just the bad.
Keep the promises you make. Try not to go back on a promise unless it’s completely unavoidable, or you could end up losing people’s trust.
A.Put yourself in others’ shoes at work |
B.If anyone has any issues with their pay |
C.Let your coworkers see that you’re dependable |
D.Open up about work and the things in the company |
E.Let your employees know that you value their skills |
F.If someone goes above and beyond in their workload |
G.When you and your employees believe in each other |
6 . Group discussions are a way of expressing your thoughts and opinions with other people. It is an opportunity to learn more about other people and develop your own personality. You become better at group discussions because it will help you throughout your whole life.
Learn about the subject
Be confident when you speak
The best way to make your discussion go well is by being confident. When someone else is speaking, make sure that you consider their opinion and not simply wait for your turn to speak.
One of the most important aspects of group discussions is to be a good listener. Active listening is one of the most important skills in life, which is why you need to practice using it.
Use group discussion to express yourself
Group discussions are a way of expressing yourself. It is not just about talking; it is more about putting your thoughts in front of other people.
A.Been an active listener |
B.Choose your words wisely |
C.When there is a conflict in opinion |
D.When you are confident while speaking |
E.Speaking your heart out can be hard at times |
F.If you are also struggling with such kinds of discussions |
G.It is very important that you first collect information about the topic |
7 . How to Become a More Social Person
Socializing is generally considered a pleasant and leisurely activity.
Smile. Everybody wants to be around people who are happy and excited about life.
Be genuine.
Ask people questions about themselves. Let’s face it. People love talking about themselves. And if you want to be more social and start talking to people more, then show your interest in people by asking how their day is going, how they’re feeling, and what they have coming up.
A.Say something nice. |
B.Don’t ask private questions. |
C.Have welcoming body language. |
D.However, various anxieties can make it hard to interact with others. |
E.Even if you don’t always feel happy, force yourself to smile now and then. |
F.When talking with somebody, always show a sincere interest in the conversation. |
G.They will show you want to open up and are waiting for people to get you talking. |
8 . For ten years, I have spent my Monday evenings attending rehearsals (排练) for my amateur (业余的) choir. Mondays are not my favorite day, and I often arrive feeling bad, but by the end of the rehearsal, I usually feel energized. The singing does me good. So do the people. I wouldn’t describe my choir members as close friends. We exchange brief chats, smiles and jokes but that is enough for me to feel better about the world.
There is no choir practice now. I miss it. In lockdown, I do not feel short on emotional support, but I do feel short of friendly faces and casual (随便的) conversations. Another way of putting this is that I miss my “weak ties”.
One way to think about any person’s social world is that you have an inner circle of people whom you often talk to and feel close with, and an outer circle of people whom you see sometimes. Mark Granovetter, a sociology professor at Stanford University, named these categories (种类) “strong ties” and “weak ties”.
Experts had thought that a person’s happiness depended mainly on the quality of their relationships with their close friends and family. Granovetter showed that quantity (数量) mattered, too. He found that for new information and ideas, weak ties are more important to us than strong ones. Granovetter surveyed 282 Boston-based workers and found that most of them got their jobs through someone they knew. But only a few got the job through a close friend; 84% got their job through those weak-tie relationships. As Granvetter pointed out, the people whom you spend much time with swim in the same pool of information as you do. We depend on friendly outsiders to bring us news of opportunities.
So we should continue to find ways to develop weak-tie relationships in lockdown. We can use social media to reach out to people we don’t know well for light, but meaningful communications. We can also make more weak-tie-style conversations with our strong ties. The goal is to let others know you are thinking of them without asking for a great deal of time or energy.
1. What makes the author happy during his Monday evenings’ choir practice?A.His meeting with a close friend. | B.The praise from choir members. |
C.The progress he has made in singing. | D.His communication with choir members. |
A.The changes of people’s social world. | B.What “strong ties” and “weak ties” are. |
C.The different ways people communicate. | D.Why interpersonal relationships are important. |
A.They are easier to build than strong ones. |
B.They offer more benefits than strong ones. |
C.They can bring new information and ideas. |
D.They make little difference to people’s happiness. |
A.Use social media to make new friends. |
B.Draw outsiders into a full online conversation. |
C.Make strong-tie-style chats with distant friends. |
D.Have more brief conversations with family members. |
9 . Relationship skills and social skills are referred to as “skills” for a reason — they require learning, practice, and improvement. Here are the best relationship books on the market, according to a licensed mental health counselor.
Best for Communication: 4 Essential Keys to Effective Communication in Love, Life, Work — Anywhere!
In this day and age, we could all use a refresher in terms of basic communication skills. This award-winning book — filled with how-to guides and exercise challenges — is a great place to start. Written with all kinds of relationships in mind, including family, dating, friendships, and even work relationships, it’s designed to help you improve empathy, listening skills, and communication skills.
Best for Socializing: How to Become a People Magnet
Social anxiety is a common issue in our modern-day world among all age groups. This book, written by award-winning author Marc Reklau, provides 62 simple strategies (策略) to help you improve your social skills in everything from first impressions to deeper relationships. With a variety of strategies available, you can choose the ones that are best suited for your needs. This book is also beneficial for those working in sales or customer service — industries that frequently handle complaints or require making connections.
Best for Problem-Solving: I Hear You: The Surprisingly Simple Skill Behind Extraordinary Relationships
In this bestselling book, author Michael Sorensen put relationship problem-solving skills into a three-hour read. It reads more like a conversation to help users understand the value of listening and validation in relationships.
Best for Personality Types: The Enneagram for Relationships: Transform Your Connections with Friends, Family, Colleagues, and in Love
The Enneagram is one of the fastest-growing personality assessments and concepts in the world right now, and rightfully so. There are nine different personality types with up to 27 subtypes to help you understand yourself — aiding in connection with those closest to you.
1. What is the purpose of the text?A.To point out the importance of relationships. | B.To encourage people to improve social skills. |
C.To call for the understanding between people. | D.To introduce 4 relationship books to readers. |
A.It focuses on problem-solving skills. | B.It offers various strategies about social skills. |
C.It deals with all kinds of relationships. | D.It’s an award-winning book. |
A.4 Essential Keys to Effective Communication in Love, Life, Work — Anywhere! |
B.How to Become a People Magnet. |
C.I Hear You: The Surprisingly Simple Skill Behind Extraordinary Relationships. |
D.The Enneagram for Relationships: Transform Your Connections with Friends, Family, Colleagues, and in Love. |
10 . How to Rebuild Trust in a Relationship
To repair a relationship can be difficult. Rebuilding trust in a relationship is more difficult. The biggest barrier to rebuilding trust is a lack of true desire to do so.
Keep your conversation open. Although trust is defined differently by different people, yet to talk it out can help you find the common ground.
Let go of mistakes when it is possible.
It’s important to remember that trust rebuilding won’t happen immediately when it is broken. Don’t feel worried if you’re not feeling comfortable.
A.Treat others how you wish to be treated |
B.Take time to calm yourself |
C.Heart-to-heart communication can make sure you two are on the same page |
D.All you need to do is to find the ins and outs of the relationship |
E.So having the eagerness is the very first step |
F.Research suggests that’s true |
G.That means saying goodbye to the past |