1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Shyness is avoiding human contact, often because of a feeling of not being as good as others and fear of taking risks. Shyness is a force     1     prevents us from realizing our potential and     2     (enjoy) the company of other people. Shyness is often associated     3     low emotional control and high negative emotions.

On the basis of research that he     4     (do) for the past six years, Dr. Zimbardo estimates that about 40 percent of all Americans, around 84 million people, consider     5     (they) shy. They include not only ordinary people but also a number of     6     (celebrity) who define themselves as shy. Research shows that a quarter of the people who are shy as adults were not shy as children.

Shyness makes it difficult     7     (meet) new people and make friends. It prevents     8     individual from expressing opinions and values. With authorities such as a boss or a teacher, the shy are less     9     (like) to stand up for their rights or express reasonable criticism. They’re more willing to obey and unwilling to be     10     (cooperate).

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It is easy to get carried away in     1     argument. While     2    (have) a reasonable conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seems like a challenge, it is possible. One way is to approach the other person    3    understanding. The Empathy (共鸣) Challenge is an exercise     4     (create) by Zoe Chance, senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management. At Yale, Chanice teaches a course called “Mastering Influence and Persuasion” where students learn to communicate    5    (effective).

In her blog, Chance explains     6     is important to listen to people who disagree with you. “As they explain their position, you listen for their hidden values. Finally, you look for common ground as you reflect those values back. That’s it. ”

Chance first took this challenge herself before asking her students to try. As she couldn’t understand why many people preferred     7    (vote) for Donald Trump, she found three Trump’s voters and spoke with them.

Through asking questions, Chance was able to understand them and realize they had similar feelings. One man, an Orthodox Jew,     8     (explain) that he supported Trump because Trump’s daughter and son-in-law are Jewish. The next man was a Russian immigrant eager for freedom. The third was a lawyer     9     believed that honesty was important to political leaders.

Although Chance and those people had different political     10    (belief), they were able to relate to the life values of others. And that’s the point of the exercise -to understand others as fellow human beings.

8 . 语法填空

Two old and wealthy brothers made a bet     1     a man could survive a month in London with a million pound bank note. At that moment, they spotted a       2     (penny) young man—Henry     3     (wander) on the pavement, who had gone sailing but was carried out to sea and     4     (land) in Britain by accident. The brothers thought he was the man for it. They gave him a million pound bank note in     5     envelope, just telling him there was some money in it. However, they asked him to postpone opening it     6     two o'clock.

Henry entered a restaurant, hesitating to order at first, but he was so hungry that he ordered a good meal for himself. Because of his poor     7     (appear), the owner of the restaurant and the waiter served him in a rude manner. Having waited in patience towards 2 o'clock, he opened the envelope and was surprised to see     8     million pound bank note. The owner and the waiter were even     9     (surprised) to see it. Eventually, they changed their attitude towards him     10    (complete). More interesting stories were ahead from this.

9 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

What to say to a rude person

As the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself becoming steadily annoyed. A woman had picked up her phone and began a loud conversation,     1     would last an unbelievable hour.Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman.He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.

    2     the train arrived at its destination, Winston got off and left quickly.He had enough of the woman’s rudeness.But the press were now waiting for her on the platform.And when they gleefully showed her the Lord’s messages, she used just one word to describe Winston’s actions: rude.

Winston’s tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness,     3     (fuel)by social media (and, often politics).What can we do to fix this?

Studies have shown that rudeness spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold.Just witnessing rudeness makes it far more likely     4     we, in turn, will be rude later on.Once infected, we are more aggressive,     5    (creative) and worse at our jobs.The only way to end a conflicts to make a conscious decision to do so.We must have the courage to call it out, face to face.We must say,“Just stop.” For Winston, that would have meant     6    (approach) the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asked her to speak more quietly or make a call at     7     time.

The rage and injustice we feel at the rude behavior of a stranger     8     drive us to do odd things.I surveyed 2,000 adults, three fourths of whom overreacted. The acts of revenge people had taken     9     (range) from the ridiculous(“I rubbed fries on their wind-shield”) to the disturbing (“I sabotaged them at work”).Winston did shine on the woman’s behavior—but from afar, in a way that shamed her.

We must instead combat rudeness head on.When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something.If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out.We must defend strangers in the same way we’d defend our best friends. But we can do it with grace, by handling it without a trace of aggression and without being rude     10    .Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that conflict themselves. As this tide of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.