1 . Ask a group of elderly people what it was about their lives that made them happiest overall, and they’ll probably mention some warm relationships with family and friends. If you’re satisfied with your social life, according to psychologists, you tend to be satisfied with life in general.
From the point of my 50s, I’d say that sounds about right. Some of my happiest moments are the ones I spend with my husband, a few close relatives, and a handful of very good friends who know me well and like me anyway. But the more I read about how social media are interfering with (干扰) good old-fashioned friendship, creating virtual bonds that can’t quite take the place of real ones, the more I wonder just how today’s 20-somethings will look back on their own lives when they’re my age.
After all, much crucial relationship building work is done in the 20s. According to research by the late Bernice Neugarten of the University of Chicago, who helped launch the academic study of human development, people choose most of their adult relationships, both friends and lovers, between the ages of 22 and 28. The friends we make in our 20s are not only best friends forever; they’re also our first truly chosen friends. And choosing how to commit to these friendships is an essential psychological task of the 20s.
But with so much of friendship in this age group now being developed online, an essential question is what the effect of that interaction is. A study, conducted in 2010 by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee of the University of Texas at Austin, investigated the Facebook habits of 776 young people between the ages of 18 and 35. “Whether it is a wall post, a comment, or a photo,” they wrote, “young people’s engagement with Facebook is driven, primarily, by a desire to stay connected to and involved in the lives of friends who live close by, far away, or have just entered into their lives.”
This kind of constant contact can be efficient, but it can also be upsetting. For one thing, it adds a new layer of concern to a young person’s already-heightened awareness of social ranking, giving appearance-conscious young people yet another thing to worry about. “I see other 20-somethings feeling pressured to constantly keep up a public image, especially a public image online,” wrote Ariana Allensworth on the group blog. “Folks are always keeping the world informed one way or another about what they’re up to, where they’re at, what projects they’re working on. It can be a bit much at times.” Not the most fertile ground for real-world friendship.
1. According to the passage, the 20s is an age for people to _____.

A．have a good public image

B．keep themselves informed

C．look back on their own lives

D．develop critical relationships

2. Which of the following is a disadvantage of making friends online?

A．It makes people pay less attention to social ranking.

B．It robs people of the happy moments spent with friends.

C．It keeps people away from their family and close relatives.

D．It prevents people from keeping in contact with their friends.

3. What was the aim of the study conducted by Craig Watkins and Erin Lee?

A．To know about the 776 young people’s Facebook habits.

B．To find out how social media affect real-world social life.

C．To help young people stay connected to the lives of friends.

D．To investigate what kind of people prefer online interactions.

4. The author may agree that _____.

A．old-fashioned friendship can help create virtual bonds

B．there’s no need for young people to make online friends

C．real-world friendship is a better choice for young people

D．online friendship is an inevitable trend in the modern world

2 . Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money.
This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in all unexpected form.
One Sunday morning, the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard(无意中听到)our conversation. "Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?" I said yes. "Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints."
1. From the passage, we understand that _____.

A．the author did not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirties

B．the author was like most people who were mostly receivers rather than givers

C．the author received the same education as most people during his childhood

D．the author liked most people as they looked upon life as a process of getting

2. According to the author, _____.

A．giving means you will lack money

B．the excitement of giving can bring you money

C．you don’t have to be rich in order to give

D．when you give away money, you will be rich

3. The author would make the suggestion to the storekeeper _____.

A．in writing	B．in person
C．in the window display	D．about the neighborhood

4. When the author needed a post-office box, _____.

A．he had put his name on a waiting list

B．he wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation

C．many people had applied for post-office boxes before him

D．he asked the postmaster to make one for him

3 . Alibaba started taking the lead in China， simply enough， by connecting big Chinese manufacturers（制造商） with big buyers across the world． Its business-to-business site， Alibaba． com allowed business to buy almost everything． Alibaba’s advantage wasn’t hard to identify: size． Alibaba is just big， even by Chinese standards． Its marketplaces attract 231 million active buyers，8 million sellers，11．3 billion orders a year—and _______________It encourages people to use its markets—not charging small sellers a percentage of the sale．
If you want a quick look into the influence of Alibaba on daily Chinese life，take my experience．I moved to Beijing almost a year ago and quickly got tired of visiting small stores across the crowded，polluted city of 20 million people in search of new electronics，bathroom furnishings，and anything else my wife wanted． “You’re looking for what exactly？ Why not try it？ ” my Chinese teacher asked me one day．With that，my wonderful new relationship with Alibaba began．
Alibaba’s original business-to-business model now is secondary to consumer buying．Chinese retail（零售）buying makes up 80% of Alibaba’s profit，and leading that group is Taobao，with 800 million items for sale and the most unbelievable selection of things you’ll ever find． TMall．com is Alibaba’s other big site，where you can find brand name goods from Nike and Unilever near the lowest prices．
What I have a hard time explaining to friends and family back in the U．S．is how China has gone beyond traditional shopping—big-box retailers especially —in favor of online purchases on Taobao and a few other sites．In smaller towns than Beijing，where big retailers have not yet traveled，shopping online is shopping，and shopping is Taobao．
I have a list of some of my recent purchases on Taobao for a sense of how extensive the marketplace is．Almost everything arrived a day or two after ordering with free shipping．I’m not even a big buyer，because I need friends to help me search the Chinese-language site．When I was searching my purchase history on my Chinese teacher’s iPad，which helps me buy goods，I looked through with great difficulty about 10 of her purchases for every one of mine．
1. Alibaba’s advantage mainly lies in ___________．

A．its big size

B．its business-to-business service

C．its not charging small sellers

D．its low price

2. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in the passage？

A．Alibaba is of middle size among all the online sites

B．Alibaba will continue to develop．

C．Alibaba stands out as the best online site．

D．Alibaba acts as a bridge between the buyers and sellers．

3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？

A．a new store

B．Alibaba

C．a business

D．a foreign website

4. What can be inferred from the passage？

A．The author’s Chinese teacher is also an online purchase lover．

B．Taobao has no obvious advantage over other similar online sites．

C．Alibaba’s business-to-business service earns more money than retail now．

D．TMall．com provides more profit than Taobao．

5. What is the passage mainly about？

A．Shopping online is TaoBao．

B．The influence of shopping online goes beyond traditional shopping．

C．Alibaba greatly influences people’s daily purchase in China．

D．How the author purchases online in China．

4 . 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Smiling is a great way to make yourself stand out while helping your body to function better. Smile to improve your health, your stress level, and your attractiveness.    1    We are drawn to people who smile. There is an attraction factor. We want to know a smiling person and figure out what is so good because anxieties can push people away, but a smile draws them in. Smiling Changes Our Mood Next time you are feeling down, try putting on a smile.    2    Smiling can trick the body into helping you change your mood. Smiling Relieves Stress Stress can really show up in our faces. Smiling helps to prevent us from looking tired or worn down.    3    The stress should be reduced and you'll be better able to take action. Smiling lowers your blood pressure. When you smile, there is a measurable reduction in your blood pressure. Give it a try if you have a blood pressure monitor (血压计) at home. Sit for a few minutes and take a reading. Then smile for a minute and read it again while still smiling.    4    Smiling lifts the face and makes you look younger.The muscles we use to smile lift the face, making a person appear younger. Don't go for a face lift, just try smiling your way through the day --- you'll look younger and feel better.    5    Try this test: Smile. Now try to think of something negative without losing the smile. It's hard. When we smile, our body is sending the rest of us a message that “Life is good!"

A．Smiling helps you stay positive.

B．Smiling makes us attractive.

C．Do you notice the difference?

D．Smiling can bring you luck and sorrow.

E．When you are stressed, take time to put on a smile.

F．There's a good chance that your mood will change for the better.

G．As long as you try smiling daily, it can make you look younger.

5 . Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks ____than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more_____than we realize. In fact, non-verbal(非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really ____. And body language is particularly_____when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so ____a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it._____, different societies treat the_____between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having ____contact(接触)even with friends, and certainly not with ____. People from Latin American countries, ____, touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it’s possible that in_____, it may look like a Latino is_____a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving_____. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep_____— which the Latino will in return regard as ____.

Clearly, a great deal is going on when people ____. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from ____cultures, there’s a strong possibility of_____. But whatever the situation, the best_____is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be_____.

1.

A．straighter

B．louder

C．harder

D．further

2.

A．sounds

B．invitations

C．feelings

D．messages

3.

A．hope

B．receive

C．discover

D．mean

4.

A．immediate

B．misleading

C．important

D．difficult

5.

A．well

B．far

C．much

D．long

6.

A．For example

B．Thus

C．However

D．In short

7.

A．trade

B．distance

C．connections

D．greetings

8.

A．eye

B．verbal

C．bodily

D．telephone

9.

A．strangers

B．relatives

C．neighbors

D．enemies

10.

A．in other words

B．on the other hand

C．in a similar way

D．by all means

11.

A．trouble

B．conversation

C．silence

D．experiment

12.

A．disturbing

B．helping

C．guiding

D．following

13.

A．closer

B．faster

C．in

D．away

14.

A．stepping forward

B．going on

C．backing away

D．coming out

15.

A．weakness

B．carelessness

C．friendliness

D．coldness

16.

A．talk

B．travel

C．laugh

D．think

17.

A．different

B．European

C．Latino

D．rich

18.

A．curiosity

B．excitement

C．misunderstanding

D．nervousness

19.

A．chance

B．time

C．result

D．advice

20.

A．noticed

B．treated

C．respected

D．pleased

6 . Women are friendly．But men are more competitive．Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin （荷尔蒙催生素）．Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently．
"Women tend to be social in their behavior．They often share with others．But men lend to be competitive．They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan．
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions （互动） such as falling in love or giving birth．
But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy．
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship．
Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37．Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin．The other half received placebo （安慰剂）．
After a week, the two groups switched with participants．They went through the same procedure with the other material．
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions．Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions．The questions were about telling friendship from competition．And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions．
The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better．
Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions．And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors （因素） that are mainly hormonal．"
1. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?

A．Placebo．	B．Oxytocin．
C．The gesture．	D．The social status．

2. What can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment?

A．Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way．

B．Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love．

C．Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success．

D．Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences．

3. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?

A．To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions．

B．To know the differences between friendship and competition．

C．To know people's different abilities to answer questions．

D．To test people's understanding of body language．

4. The author develops the text by______．

A．explaining people's behaviors

B．describing his own experiences

C．distinguishing sexual differences

D．discussing research experiments