4 . Japan is known to have higher than average rates of stomach cancer. Recently, the town of Kaneyama in Yamagata Prefecture decided to get its 6, 000 residents (居民) tested.

However, the frozen urine samples (尿样) are not tested in conventional ways. Instead, Professor Masao Miyashita and his team are using them in a trial to determine if specially trained cancer-sniffing dogs can accurately detect the disease. Though the study is still in its early stages, Miyashita is thrilled with the results. He said, “In our research so far, cancer detection dogs have been able to find signs of cancer with an accuracy of nearly 100 percent.”

Researchers have known about the animals’ superior sensory skills for decades. However, their ability to detect cancer in humans came to light in 1989, after a dog sniffed out early-stage malignant melanoma (恶性黑色素瘤) on a patient’s leg in London. Since then, scientists from many countries have conducted studies to test dogs’ great skill at identifying cancer chemicals.

While most dogs can be trained for the task, researchers say the best candidates are dogs that are precise, quiet, and perhaps even a little shy. The training process is similar to how dogs are taught to learn any trick — by rewarding them with treats! However, it takes much longer because the dogs have to learn to separate the “cancer scent (气味)” from the thousands of organic compounds (有机化合物) in the human body. Researchers begin by exposing the dogs to urine samples from people with cancer, people with other diseases, and patients with no health issues, Once the dogs are able to accurately identify cancer, they are further trained to detect particular kinds of cancer.

Successful as they may be, experts think dogs are unlikely to replace conventional tests. For one, it takes about seven years and costs as much as $45,000 to train a single dog. Klaus Hackner, a researcher and physician who studies dogs detecting cancer in breath samples at Krems University Hospital in Austria, is also not convinced dogs can be relied upon alone. Patients, therefore, have to receive further tests to confirm if they have the disease.

1. What do we know about the cancer-sniffing dogs mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A．They have done a great job.

B．They are trained in a special way.

C．They can easily learn to distinguish cancer.

D．They can be seen in many Japanese hospitals.

2. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?

A．Offer readers some advice.

B．Add some background information.

C．Summarize the previous paragraphs.

D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.

3. What kind of dog is suitable for the cancer-sniffing job?

A．Smart and brave.	B．Active and faithful.
C．Strong and patient.	D．Careful and peaceful.

4. What is Klaus Hackner’s opinion on cancer-sniffing dogs?

A．They should work as a team.

B．They need to receive more training.

C．They can replace doctors in detecting cancer.

D．They should be used together with traditional tests.

5 . The secret of successful response

The novel coronavirus(新冠状病毒)is an uncommon threat. We don't know how bad it will be, nor do we know for how long it will spread. But we do know that it has already infected (感染) more than 18,000 people and killed many around the world. It also caused serious global economic damage. We need to adapt our responses to different countries and different parts of the same country in order to limit damage. Using data well is essential to such a successful response.

Data is key to all successful public health programs. In New York City, we raised tobacco taxes and made all indoor public places smoke free. Smoking rates declined at first but then the decline stopped. Because we had a tracking system in place, we realised that progress had stopped. So, we produced strong and direct no tobacco ads to the public. Our programs quickly reduced adult and teenager smoking, preventing more than 10,0000 deaths.

Every country facing the coronavirus disease needs to strengthen their data systems to track diseases, investigate skillfully and respond fast and successfully. Fast action will save lives and save money. But building the capacity to do this isn't free. It will cost about $1 to $2 per person per year for at least 10 years --- at least 30 billion. That's a lot of money for public health, but it's a tiny part of the amount lost when we don't know what we need to know about health threats.

Getting he data right is hardly quick and never easy, but it is always very important if we want to respond successfully, limit spread, and protect our communities and economy.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Novel coronavirus has killed people and damaged economy.

B．New York City succeeded in reducing smoking with data.

C．We need a lot of money to build the capacity of fast action.

D．Using data will cure people infected with novel coronavirus,

2. Why does the author talk about smoking in paragraph 2?

A．To warn us that smoking is harmful.

B．To suggest us how to reduce smoking.

C．To show the significant role of data.

D．To protect people's physical health.

3. What is the author's opinion on the building of the capacity of fast response?

A．It is too expensive and many countries cannot afford it.

B．It is worthwhile and necessary to develop such a capacity.

C．It supports communities and saves lives and saves money.

D．It requires a tiny part of the amount lost by health threats.

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A．The widespread of novel coronavirus has killed many people.

B．Using Data well is of vital importance to public health programs.

C．The importance of fighting against novel coronavirus.

D．The importance of raising tobacco taxes.

6 . Until a century ago, bloodletting was used to treat many ailments. Dating back to before the time of Christ, the treatment involved letting a type of worm, called a leech, suck blood from the patient. People believed that there were liquids called humors in the body and that these determined a person’s personality and health. Bloodletting, they thought, restored a balance to these humors.

At the time, little was known of the working of the human body, but people did know that the same liquid, blood, flowed throughout everyone’s body. They knew it was a vital substance, for loss of any great amount of it meant certain death. Thus, they concluded that all diseases were carried in the bloodstream, and that if the body was relieved of bad blood, health would return. Bloodletting, however, came to be used as a cure-all. Woman were bled to keep them from blushing while members of the clergy were bled to prevent them from thinking sinful and worldly thoughts.

From the 11th to the 18th centuries, barbers were the people to go to if you needed to be bled. This custom explains the significance of the traditional barber’s pole: the white stripes stand for bandages and the red stripe for blood.

1. This passage is concerned about     .

A．healthy people and doctors

B．bleeding as a cure-all

C．barbers of long ago

D．leeches with special jobs to do

2. The red and white stripes on barber pole symbolize     .

A．sin and redemption

B．the bleeding form

C．women who are nurses

D．humors in the body

3. Why is bloodletting no longer considered a cure-all?

A．Because more is known about the workings of the human body.

B．Because leeches were outlawed

C．Because barbers were too busy cutting hair.

D．Because today we know that blood is necessary for health

4. In the second paragraph, the word “Thus” could be replaced by the word .

A．When

B．However

C．If

D．So

5. Ailments means     .

A．cures

B．women

C．diseases

D．medicines