Hospitals haven’t always been clean and quiet places. Long ago they were dirty and crowded. Nurses were never taught     1     to look after their patients and many people died. It was Florence Nightingale who changed all this.

Florence was born in 1820. As a child, she often went with her mother     2     (visit) the poor people. They took food and medicine to the sick. It was these visits that first gave her the idea of becoming     3     nurse.

Her chance came in 1854 when Britain went to war with Russia. Florence     4     (ask) by the government to take a group of nurses to look after the sick and the     5     (wound). The hospitals were dirty, and there wasn’t enough medicine. Florence and her team worked very hard,     6     (clean) the hospital rooms and made the bed every day. At night, she would go from room to room,     7     (check) on the patients. She often stayed to talk to the patients and provided comfort     8     them.

After the war, Florence opened a school to teach nurses to look after their patients     9     (proper). However, she never really made a full     10     (recover) from the illness that she had in the war, and she died in 1910.

2 . For thousands of years, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used across China and Southeast Asia. Its practices have developed over time and now, scientists are giving it a high-tech update.

Developed by Singaporean company AiTreat, “EMMA”is a robot masseuse（女按摩师) designed to give Tui Na, a type of TCM bodywork similar to a deep tissue massage (深层组织按摩)，a 21st-century makeover. Using sensors and 3D vision to measure muscle stiffness (僵硬)，EMMA (which stands for “Expert Manipulative Massage Automation”) identifies pressure points and gives massages to patients to help offer pain relief and relaxation. AiTreat founder and CEO Albert Zhang hopes that EMMA can create low-cost massage treatments that can be part of the growing attraction of preventative medicine.

In 2015, Zhang founded AiTreat. A trained TCM physician, Zhang has firsthand experience treating patients.

Patients lying on the table might not even notice the difference between EMMA and a real-life masseuse -but Zhang doesn't want robots to replace masseuses. Instead, he says that they can help by taking away the back-breaking work masseuses do every day, and enable them to “focus on the 10% highly skilled part,” which can increase their productivity and income while reducing the cost for patients. “One physician can only see one patient at a time,but with EMMA, the physician can control two robots and see up to four patients at the same time,” he says.

While TCM practitioners accept years of training, EMMA’s AI system has been trained with thousands of “data points”-bodies of different shapes, sizes and ethnicities-to find the acupoints (穴位) in each individual, says Zhang.

Currently, Zhang says 11 robots are working at eight different clinics (诊所)in Singapore, with plans to send them overseas. “We are seeing great responses from practitioners in the US and China,” he adds.