2 . 用下面的单词完成这篇关于医学的短文。

British scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the body’s cells that is to     1     for the spread of cold-causing virus. Targeting the host rather than the     2     was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus.

Cold-causing virus are not only of     3     kinds, they also     4     rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. Researchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken directly into one’s lungs, to     5     the chance of side effects. Though these scientists have made     6     advances in their research, further     7     is needed to make sure such drugs are not so     8     that they harm the body.

Natural Therapy

The great outdoors: it's the place to head for when you're in need of peace and quiet, open spaces, beautiful scenery and exercise. Whether a huge mountain range or a local country park, these natural areas are a perfect    1     for our stressed-out lives, and their therapeutic effect is being used more and more to treat mental health.

As an example, in the foothills of the Snowdonia National Park in the UK, specialist therapy    2     are held to help people who suffer from depression, anxiety and stress. Outdoor art-related activities are held for patients, but the setting alone has been    3     with improving the mood of patients.

It's true that for most of us connecting with the natural world definitely    4     our spirits. But the mental health charity Mind says eco-therapy has been recognized as a formal type of treatment that can sometimes be    5     to someone by a doctor. It doesn't    6     taking medication, but     7     it just develops a person's relationship with nature. This natural remedy can take on many forms, but can include doing yoga in a forest, gardening or even hugging a tree.

Evidence has shown there are many benefits of this "green" therapy, including improving social contact, social and work skills and coping abilities. It's what Dr Rachel Bragg from the University of Essex calls "psychological    8    ". One reason why getting back to nature is, well, natural, is something called biophilia, a sort of understanding or empathy with the natural world. According to environmental psychologist Birgitta Gatersleben, "the idea that nature reminds us of life, and if we are    9     to the natural elements, then our sort of negative feelings get almost immediately replaced with positive emotions."

Of course, eco-therapy won't cure everything, but it is a（n）    10     for therapists to use. And as we become more aware of the causes and effects of mental health, it's good to know that help might lie outside our towns and cities, and that nature can give us a helping hand.

According to a recent survey, the     1    of doctors believed their incomes did not match how hard they worked. The survey found that about 50 percent of the doctors were not satisfied with their working conditions, especially those from hospitals in small towns.

A    2     working in a large public hospital often has to see 100 patients per day. The researchers conducting the survey concluded that if hospitals and    3     serving the general public received more support, it would help to keep their medical     4    from leaving the profession, and therefore the public would continue to receive good health services.

In    5     to a question about tensions between doctors and patients, some respondents     6     that misleading media reports about doctors have greatly    7     society, causing the public to distrust medical workers.

    8    

A single case study isn’t enough to prove anything. It’s not clear if the medication, called remdesivir(瑞德西韦), actually helped the patient, or if his improvement was a(n)     1    . But it’s one of a few drugs, including a combination of anti-HIV drugs, that doctors think might help patients with the new coronavirus(冠状病毒).

Remdesivir was developed by the pharmaceutical company Gilead as a treatment for Ebola. It’s a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, and it     2     the activity of a protein that helps coronaviruses make copies of themselves. Research groups identified the drug as a(n)     3     candidate for the treatment of coronaviruses in the aftermath of the 2012 MERS outbreak, when another new coronavirus spread through the Middle East. In cell models, it blocks the activity of MERS, SARS (a 2002 coronavirus), and other coronaviruses that are found in bats.

Tests on the new coronavirus show that remdesivir blocks its activity, too, at least in the lab. That result,     4     with the positive outcomes in the Washington patient, were enough for Gilead to     5     a larger clinical trial of the drug in new coronavirus patients. The company will test it in a group of 270 patients at China-Japan Friendship Hospital in Beijing — one group will be given the drug, and one group will be given a placebo.

The drug isn’t     6     by the Food and Drug Administration or by any other     7     body. However, it already went through safety testing during the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and 2015. That’s why Gilead is able to test it in sick patients immediately.

The importance of those previous studies was     8     by Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, in a press conference last week. Researchers aren’t starting from zero because work over the past two decades tested drugs in cells, animals, and individual patients. Now, researchers who have     9     their professional lives to this work face new     10     around the most important question: if the drugs actually work in people. “There’s no proven therapy for coronavirus infections,” Fauci said.

First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is     1    . It may save a life or improve certain     2    signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be administered (执行) as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.

First-aid     3    depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example,     4     moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.

Despite the     5    of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for     6    medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured (使安心) that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to     7    any first aid. Next, assess (评估) the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and     8    conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.

First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether     9     conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which     10     for:

A – Airway: is it open and clear?

B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.

C – Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.

There are three types of burns. Burns are     1     first, second or third degree burns, depending on     2     layers of the skin are burned.

● First degree burns. These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not     3     and should feel better     4    a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching     5    hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.

● Second degree burns. These affect both the top and the     6    layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to     7     . Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot     8    .

● Third degree burns. These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks,     9    clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital     10    .