1 . An increasingly popular way of eating called reducetarianism may sound like a new weight loss trend. But that’s not the goal; instead, reducetarianism is about cutting down the amount of meat you eat and making small changes that are healthy for you and the planet. “But the vast majority don’t want to go vegan”, says Brian Kateman, co-founder of the Reducetarian Foundation. So he has a simple message for us: “Don’t let perfection be the enemy of the good.” Compared with a vegetarian, reducetarians take a more flexible approach that acknowledges challenges of giving up meat entirely but still limits meat when possible.

The opposite side of eating less meat is eating more plant foods. Animal products often replace fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grains, leading to lack of nutrients from them. A more plant-based diet can help lower the risk of health problems including heart disease, colon cancer, and obesity. And research shows the climate impact from raising plant-based foods is less than that caused by animal-based foods. This is largely because it takes much more land, water, and other resources to produce a pound of meat than plant protein, says Dana Ellis, a dietitian.

The type of meat you buy matters too. Grass-fed meat — from animals raised without antibiotics (抗生素) — tend to be the more sustainable options. By grazing, cows encourage grass growth and nutrient turnover in the soil, which may help offset cattle’s climate impact, according to a study published in 2021.

Looking for local produce that requires no air transport and cutting down the food waste are also significant aspects of being a reducetarian. The message of reducetarianism is that you don’t have to be perfect to help yourself and the planet by making small changes in how you eat and shop for food. And that’s something we all can accomplish.

1. What does reducetarianism refer to?

A．A new weight loss trend.	B．A healthy diet with little meat.
C．An idea of accepting imperfection.	D．An approach to being a vegetarian.

2. Why should eating more plant foods be encouraged?

A．It ensures all the nutrients needed.	B．It does less damage to the environment.
C．It helps to free people from diseases.	D．It allows people to obtain more protein.

3. Who is more likely to be a reducetarian according to the passage?

A．A meat lover.

B．A cow raiser.

C．A keen environmentalist.

D．A devoted vegetarian.

4. What conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph?

A．Small changes in diet better man and the earth.	B．Any quantity of food waste should be avoided.
C．Reducetarianism is something far from perfect.	D．Food produced locally can offer more nutrition.

6 . For many Chinese consumers, a satisfying breakfast is one that includes either hot porridge or steamed buns (馒头). Cold sandwiches, which are popular with Westerners, are probably one of the last options on their minds. But that is not to say that consumers, especially those in an international city like Shanghai, would avoid everything considered Western for breakfast. For instance, coffee, which has steadily grown in popularity in the country, is one drink that many cannot do without today.

To satisfy this growing demand for breakfast sets that combine elements from the East and the West, food companies have been rolling out (推出) a host of new offerings to attract the customer. One example is Shanghai Qiao Coffee, launched by local time-honored food company Qiaojiashan at the end of 2019. Apart from its traditional dim sum (点心), the store also sells various types of coffee.

According to Shen Yan, deputy manager of Qiaojiashan, the most popular breakfast set now is the steamed vegetable bun paired with black coffee. “The calories that one gets from a meal consisting of Chinese dim sum and coffee are less than those of a Western breakfast. Since a steamed bun has nearly 200 calories and a cup of black coffee barely has any calories, this combination can be considered healthy and delicious,” said Shen.

Even the smaller shoppers in the food scene are jumping on the East-West breakfast trend. Western food companies, too, have been rolling out Chinese breakfast options. “Consumers and even cultural heritage will also benefit from the increased competition. If not for the current trend which has revived interest in certain traditional dim sum, these foods could soon be lost to history,” Shen said.

1. What can we learn about breakfast in Shanghai in Paragraph 1?

A．Coffee is a must for many people.

B．Cold sandwiches are a popular choice.

C．People avoid western food for breakfast.

D．People prefer porridge and steamed buns.

2. Why does the set of the steamed vegetable bun with black coffee sell well?

A．Because it’s traditional.

B．Because it’s tasty and healthy.

C．Because it’s newly created.

D．Because it contains more vegetables.

3. What can be inferred from Shen’s words in the last paragraph?

A．Western food companies dislike East-West breakfast.

B．Big companies have the ability to seize the market share.

C．The competition for breakfast sets is of no benefit to consumers.

D．Some traditional foods may disappear without the combination trend.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Chinese consumers show more interest in western food.

B．Western breakfast is warmly welcomed by Shanghai people.

C．The Chinese-Western breakfast set is becoming a hit in Shanghai.

D．Shanghai Qiao Coffee has won great success for its breakfast sets.

7 . Parents can cut the chances of their children getting fat simply by keeping them longer at table. Just three extra minutes at a family mealtime could help avoid child fatness. Research found that the reasons might lie in communication and the importance of a scheduled mealtime.

Dr.Barbara Fiese said, “ Children, whose families have a 20­minute meal over four times a week, weigh less than kids who leave the table after 15 to 17 minutes. Over time, those extra minutes per meal add up and become really powerful.”

Researchers studied 200 family mealtimes, testing the influences of mealtime behavior of families with children in primary school. They found that families, who said that shared mealtimes were an important part of family life and had special meaning for them, were less likely to have fat children. Similarly, families, who talked more together and communicated more positively during the meal, were more likely to have healthy­weight children.

Teaching families how to make the most of family mealtimes was a wise idea. Dr. Fiese said, “ This is something we can target and teach.” She added. “It’s also important to recognize the increasing differences of families and their sometimes complex living schedules that may challenge their abilities to plan ahead and set some time to communicate with each other.”

Families in poorer US neighborhoods faced a lot of problems, including poor chances of getting healthy food. But even so, regular high quality family mealtimes made a difference to the children’s weight. Dr. Fiese said, “Three to four extra minutes per meal will make a healthy weight more possible.”

1. How long is reasonable for a family mealtime according to the text?

A．About 10 minutes.

B．About 15 minutes.

C．About 17 minutes.

D．About 20 minutes.

2. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 3?

A．The result of a study.

B．Different eating habits.

C．Causes of child fatness.

D．The importance of normal eating.

3. What is the advantage of a longer family mealtime?

A．Children can enjoy their meals better.

B．Children can have a good rest while eating.

C．Children can communicate more during the time.

D．Children can have more time to choose what they like.

4. What can be the best title of the text?

A．Mealtime Talk Helps Lose Weight.

B．Poorer Families Have Thinner Kids.

C．Healthy Food Makes Normal Weight.

D．Longer Family Mealtime Help Child Fatness.

8 . You may hope to have healthy diets and a healthy body. You may want to eat tasty food that is easy to prepare. You may be inspired to exercise and stay in shape. The good news is that there are apps to help you.

Paprika

Paprika is an app to help users plan meals, shop and cook. You can save recipes from websites and from other apps to Paprika. The app can help keep a record of the foods you have in your home, so when you go shopping, it can remind you what are the required foods.

MealBoard

MealBoard is another app that can suggest recipes and help you plan meals. This app can suggest recipes based on the food you already have in your home. MealBoard can keep a list of what food you have and what you expect to buy. This app can scan bar codes (条形码) to add items to your list. Using this app, you can also note the expiration dates (保质期), so you know when your food is no longer usable.

MealBoard lets users save recipes from websites and then search them by foods used in the recipes. For example, you can search for recipes that have “chocolate” in them.

IEatWell

The IEatWell app supports healthy eating by giving users rewards for eating the right foods. If you like earning rewards for meeting your goals, IEatWell may work well for you. Instead of measuring how much you eat, IEatWell measures how well you eat. Tell the app what you are eating for your meal. You can even add a photo. The app will rate how healthy your meal is, and then give you a reward if you are eating well.

1. What do the apps Paprika and MealBoard have in common?

A．They can scan bar codes.

B．They can let you know what you need to buy.

C．They can keep a record of the meals you eat outside.

D．They can tell if the food has passed the expiration dates.

2. What can IEatWell do if you eat a healthy diet?

A．It can measure how much eat.	B．It can give you a reward.
C．It can give you a picture.	D．It can provide you with recipes.

3. What is the author ’s main purpose in writing the text?

A．To make some comparisons among game apps.

B．To introduce some ways about how to stay healthy.

C．To introduce several apps to help people keep fit.

D．To call on people to buy these apps.

9 . 阅读下列短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要

A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a risk of diabetes（糖尿病）than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment.

Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently studied how consumer behavior affects the environment. The study showed that meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the environment, second only to the use of motor vehicle.

Then, how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment? For a start, all farm animals such as cows, pigs, and sheep give off methane gas（沼气）by expelling（排出）wind from their bodies. One cow can produce up to 60 liters of methane each day. Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Many environmental experts now believe that it is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide. It is estimated that 25% of all methane released into the atmosphere comes from farm animals.

Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the use of water and land. 2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of beef, whereas 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of wheat. One acre of farmland used for crop production can produce 40,000 pounds of potatoes, 30,000 pounds of carrots, or 50,000 pounds of tomatoes.

Many people now see the benefits of switching to a vegetarian diet, not just for health reasons, but also because it plays a vital role in protecting the environment. However, some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian, or vegan diet. They believe a vegan diet,   which excludes（拒绝）all products from animal sources,   such as cheese, eggs, and milk. can be short of many necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need.

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10 . Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.

When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

1. What does the author seem to like about cherries?

A．They contain protein.	B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.	D．They are rich in antioxidants.

2. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?

A．To make them smell better.	B．To keep their colour.
C．To speed up their ripening.	D．To improve their nutrition.

3. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?

A．A dessert.	B．A drink.
C．A container.	D．A machine.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A biology textbook.	B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper.	D．A travel brochure.