1 . Restricting meals to early in the day did not affect weight among overweight adults with prediabetes or diabetes(糖尿病), according to a research presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2020.

“We have wondered for a long time if when one eats during the day affects the way the body uses and stores energy,” said study author Nisa M. Maruthur, associate professor of medicine in Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. “Most previous studies have not controlled the number of calories, so it wasn't clear if people who ate earlier just ate fewer calories. In this study, the only thing we changed was the time of eating in the day.”

Maruthur and colleagues followed 41 overweight adults in a 12-week study. Most participants(参与者)（90%）were African American women with prediabetes or diabetes, and average age of 59 years. Twenty-one of the adults followed a time-restricted eating pattern, limiting eating to specific hours of the day and ate 80% of their calories before 1 pm. The remaining 20 participants ate at usual times during a 12-hour window, consuming half of their daily calories after 5 pm for the entire 12 weeks. All participants consumed the same pre-prepared, healthy meals provided for the study. Weight and blood pressure were measured at the beginning of the study；then at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks.

The analysis found that people in both groups lost weight and had decreased blood pressure no matter when they ate. "We thought that the time-restricted group would lose more weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn't happen. We did not see any difference in weight loss for those who ate most of their calories earlier versus later in the day. We did not see any effects on blood pressure either.”

The researchers are now collecting more detailed information on blood pressure recorded over 24 hours, and they will bring this information together with the results of a study on the effects of time-restricted feeding on blood sugar, insulin(胰岛素)and other hormones and making analyses on the data. "Together, these findings will help us to more fully understand the effects of time-restricted eating on cardiometabolic(心血管代谢)health," Maruthur said.

1. What made this study different from earlier ones?

A．Participants' age.	B．Participants' daily eating time
C．The number of participants.	D．Research members.

2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Research procedure.	B．Research result.
C．Research purpose.	D．Research institution.

3. What do we know from Maruthur's words in paragraph 4?

A．Blood pressure is connected with eating time.

B．Taking in less calories earlier makes for weight loss.

C．Eat calories earlier doesn't affect weight loss.

D．Eating time determines your effect of losing weight.

4. What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph?

A．Stop research.	B．Announce findings.
C．Write essays.	D．Analyze data.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

What makes up a healthy diet? Scientists have found that the real driver of poor health is sugar rather than so much     1    (fat) food. This is true regardless of how healthy the     2    of their diet might be. So if you want to be healthy, you have to cut down on desserts.

Beyond this, you can keep healthy by consuming different     3    (category) of fresh foods, especially fruit and vegetables. It is also important to have some meat, beans, or dairy products,     4     provide the necessary protein for bones and muscle growth. The ideal diet is a balanced one,     5     too much or too little of any one thing.

Finally, a     6    (fundament) key to healthy eating is to eat slowly, which also allows your body     7    (digest) your food better. In addition,     8    (consist) eating habits like taking three meals a day at the same time and eating a modest amount of food each time     9    (be) better for our health.

There is no one trick to healthy eating. It is important to have a healthy attitude     10     food. It is up to you to make the right decisions about your diet.

3 . For decades, doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem.     1     Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.

Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine 伟内禾口氯）.Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily.     2     This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This causes a rise in blood pressure 一- a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart disease.

A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure.

    3     British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy （碳酸）drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.

    4     A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones （肾结石）.This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.

Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually.     5     Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments （调味品）.You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2,000 mg in many frozen meals.

A．Salt isn't the only cause of diseases.

B．The average American eats twice this amount.

C．Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight.

D．Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity.

E．But new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children.

F．Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do.

G．Cutting down on salt now can lower a person's risk of heart disease.

4 . When Americans think of the lunch menu at their childhood school cafeterias, they probably imagine a shapeless, tasteless pile of mystery meat – plus some brown much（糊状物）,to match. But for children in Japan, school lunches are a rich experience where the students learn about culture and nutrition of foods.

“Japan’s standpoint is that school lunches are a part of education, not a break from it,” Masahiro Oji, a government director of school health education in Japan, told The Washington Post.The food offered at schools in Japan is affordable, fresh, and made by the students themselves. And Japanese children don’t just eat the food they prepare; they learn about the nutritional and cultural elements of their meals, too. The food is grown locally and includes a balanced menu of rice, vegetable, fish and soups. As a bonus, each meal costs just $2.50.

“Parents hear their kids talking about what they had for lunch,” Tatsuji Shino, the principal at Umejima Elementary School in Tokyo, told The Washington Post, “and kids ask them to re-create the meals at home.” Japanese students also learn cooperation and etiquette（礼仪）as they serve and clean up after each other.

Considering the fact that Japan has one of the world’s lowest childhood obesity rates（肥胖率）, the U.S. probably has a lot to learn from this country’s school lunches. A recent study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch – where foods to be chosen include pizza, chicken and French fries – were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home.

From American parents who want to be a little more like the Japanese, try sending your children to school with these unique school lunches for kids who hate sandwiches.

1. Why did the author mention American school lunches at the beginning of the text?

A．To show different food cultures.

B．To express sympathy for the American.

C．To criticize American school lunches.

D．To introduce Japanese school lunches.

2. What’s the Japanese point of view on school lunches?

A．Kids should have school lunches for free.

B．School lunches must be prepared by students.

C．Kids can’t bring lunches to school from home.

D．School lunches shouldn’t be separated from school education.

3. What does the author want to tell us in the fourth paragraph?

A．American school lunches are likely to make people fat.

B．American school lunches are more popular.

C．More people prefer studying at American schools.

D．American kids are the fattest in the world.

4. What’s the author’s attitude towards American school lunches?

A．Negative.

B．Supportive.

C．Neutral.

D．Unconcerned.

5 . Superfoods are things you eat that do more than satisfy your hunger because they help your body work better and be better. Think of your body as a car.     1    Our bodies are just the same.

Eating superfoods can change your life in many ways.    2    One reason for this is that many superfoods are naturally low in calories. Another reason is that sticking to eating them is very easy.

With most diets, people concentrate on what shouldn’t be eaten. With superfoods, they focus on all the great things they can cat.    3    Eating superfoods over time helps keep you looking young, fights heart disease and cures Type II diabetes and some cancers.

    4    While many are low in calories, some, such as whole grains, are still high in them. Eating just superfoods won’t make you instantly healthier.

Instead, getting a wide variety of foods, superfoods included, and doing your best to make healthy choices is the better solution.

Besides, with all the energy that is packed in superfoods, you will be ready for any challenge that awaits you. If you want to start adding superfoods to your diet, do it at your own pace.    5    

A．However, you should not eat just superfoods.

B．Taking one small step makes it easier to take the next.

C．That is very true because you are eating energy-filled food.

D．The better the gas you put in your car, the better it will run.

E．There are other benefits to adding them to your diet as well.

F．Lastly, whether superfoods benefit your health remains to be seen.

G．Not surprisingly, people who start eating them lose weight quickly.

6 . Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money.

There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural.

Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren't enough organic ingredients, such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large companies have an organic line of products.

Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria, such as E.coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non- organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too.

Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money? This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry.

1. What is probably the major concern of organic food consumers?

A．Price.	B．Safety.
C．Freshness.	D．Variety.

2. What is the doctors’ suggestion?

A．Grow your own food.	B．Reduce the use of pesticides.
C．Make sure the food is clean.	D．Buy large companies’ products.

3. Which of the following do most people agree on organic food?

A．It tastes better.	B．It is easier to grow.
C．It contains more fat.	D．It is more nutritious.

4. Where does this text probably come from?

A．A recipe book.	B．A chemistry paper.
C．A medical report.	D．A health magazine.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese     1    (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners     2     come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap     3     can be to eat out. I still remember     4     (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I     5    (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.

While regularly eating out seems to     6    (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be     7    (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even     8     (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in     9    (weigh) problems.

If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home     10     dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.