1 . How to Build a Better Breakfast
We all know breakfast is the most important meal of the day. A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight .
1. Eat even if you’re not hungry.
Although you might not feel like eating first thing in the morning, it’s a good idea to get something into your system. Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump-start your metabolism(新陈代谢)and keep you from getting hungry later.
2. Be boring.
Changing what you eat is a good idea, but you might want to stick to the same old menu. People who allowed their breakfast calories to change have larger waists and a higher possibility of metabolic syndrome(代谢综合征)than those who keep their morning calorie intake constant.
3. Add peanuts or peanut butter.
By eating peanuts or peanut butter, the carbohydrates (碳水化合物)are taken in more slowly and blood sugar does not rise too high.
4.
Eat breakfast like a king. It’s well worth following. Those who eat a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lower their blood sugar and blood pressure twice more than people who eat a 200-calorie meal. They also lose an average of 19.2 pounds.
| A．Go big. |
| B．Pile on the produce. |
| C．So it’s best to hold it steady. |
| D．Just a banana will do the trick. |
| E．It could set you up for overeating throughout the day. |
| F．Plus women feel fuller for up to 12 hours by doing so. |
| G．Other studies show skipping breakfast may cause health problems. |
2 . A recent analysis from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine highlights the benefits of replacing animal products with plant-based foods. This analysis, which amplifies a previous study by the same committee, further emphasizes the significant impact of plant-based diets on weight loss, cholesterol (胆固醇) and fat intake in overweight adults.
The most significant finding is that both healthy and unhealthy plant-based foods contribute to weight loss when they replace animal products in the diet. This conclusion is significant because it underlines the potential of a plant-based diet, regardless of the specific type of plant-based foods consumed, in managing weight and improving overall health.
This analysis is a secondary examination of a prior study that involved 244 overweight adults. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group followed a low-fat vegan (素食的) diet, and the second made no changes to their diet. Obviously, the study set no restrictions on calorie intake, and the researchers did not give participants specific instructions on diet quality.
The study authors used two different indexes (指标) to assess: the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). The hPDI emphasizes fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans, while the uPDI includes more refined grains and fruit juices. Higher scores on the indexes correlate with greater consumption of plant-based foods and reduced consumption of animal products.
The results revealed that after 16 weeks, participants on the vegan diet showed increased scores in both indexes. This increase significantly correlated with participants losing an average of about 13 pounds, mainly from reduced fat mass. The second group showed no change in their index scores.
Overall, the analysis provides strong evidence that eating plant-based foods is effective for weight management and health improvement.
1. What does the underlined word “amplifies” mean in paragraph 1?| A．Abuse. | B．Expand. | C．Launch. | D．Classify. |
| A．The causes of putting on weights. | B．The key insight on plant-based foods. |
| C．The significance of managing weights. | D．The specific types of plant-based foods. |
| A．By improving participants’ diet quality. |
| B．By following participants’ daily routines. |
| C．By monitoring participants’ calorie intake. |
| D．By comparing participants’ indexes scores. |
| A．Being on diet is the key to losing weight. |
| B．All plant products are beneficial to health. |
| C．Plant-based foods show promising results. |
| D．Animal products have no effect on weight. |
3 . You are what you eat-and what you eat may be encoded in your DNA. Studies have indicated that your genes play a role in determining the foods you find delicious or disgusting. But exactly how big a role they play has been difficult to figure out. “Everything has a genetic component. even if it’s small, ”says Joanne Cole, a geneticist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. “We know that there is some genetic contribution to why we eat the foods we eat Can we take the next step and actually locate the regions in the genome (基因)?”
New research led by Cole has gotten a step closer. Through a large-scale genomics analysis, her team has identified 481 genome regions that were directly linked to dietary patterns and food preferences. The findings, which have not yet been peer-reviewed, were presented last month at the American Society for Nutrition’s annual conference.
The team based the new study on a 2020 Nature Communications study by Cole and her colleagues that used data from the U. K. Biobank, a public database of the genetic and health information of 500, 000 participants. By scanning genomes, the new analysis was able to identify 194 regions associated with dietary patterns and 287 linked to specific foods such as fruit, cheese, fish, tea and alcohol Further understanding how genetics impact how we eat could reveal differences in nutritional needs or disease risks.
“One of the problems with a lot of these genomics studies is that they’re very small. They don’t have enough people to really be able to identify genes in ways that are credible. This study had a huge group of people, so it’s really powerful. ” says Monica Dus, a geneticist at the University of Michigan. “The other thing that I thought was really great is that there are so many different traits that they’re measuring related to diet including cholesterol (胆固醇). the body and socioeconomic backgrounds. ” As the research advances. Dus says, such genome analysis could potentially assist health care providers and even policymakers to address larger issues that affect food access and health.
It’s definitely true that it may contribute to making sure there aren’t food deserts-areas which have limited access to fresh, healthy and affordable food-or to making sure that there’s a higher minimum wage so that everyone can afford to eat, although the journey ahead remains lengthy and challenging
1. How did researchers conduct the present study?| A．By involving a substantial number of participants. |
| B．By directly analyzing the data from a public database. |
| C．By building on a previous study based on large-scale data. |
| D．By identifying genome regions associated with dietary patterns |
| A．Powerful participants were involved in the current study. |
| B．The methods employed for the previous studies were credible |
| C．The genome analyses have helped address larger social issues. |
| D．Various features linked to diet were considered in the present study. |
| A．Critical | B．Optimistic. | C．Skeptical | D．Indifferent. |
| A．The benefits of latest large-scale diet-related genome analyses. |
| B．The contribution of genes to diet patterns and food preferences. |
| C．The significance of a newly published diet-related genome discovery. |
| D．The introduction of a research on identifying diet-related genome regions. |
4 . People who routinely eat a lot of red meat may be increasing their risk of developing Type2 diabetes (糖尿病), according to a new study. Processed red meats, like bacon and hot dogs, are linked to an even higher risk.
Researchers tracked the eating habits of more than 200,000 people engaged in long-term health studies for up to 36 years and found that those who regularly consumed a lot of red meat—more than a serving per day—had a significantly higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
“When we looked at the women and men who consumed the most red meat compared to the least, we found about a 50% increase in risk,” says study author Dr. Walter Willett of the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. The results were published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
It turned out that the participants in the study who consumed high amounts of red meat also had higher body weight. They consumed more calories (热量) and were less physically active compared with those who consumed the least red meat.
Given that, in the US, only about 4% of people are identified as vegetarians and only 1%vegans, it’s not realistic to think that people will give up red meat altogether. So how much red meat is OK to consume? US dietary guidelines don’t clearly state an amount, but a recent review of observational studies suggests it’s reasonable to limit daily consumption of unprocessed red meat to 50 to 100ms to prevent high blood pressure and heart diseases. Willett’s recommendation goes even further. “A limit of one serving per week of red meat would be reasonable for people wishing to improve health and well-being.” Willett says.
Given the large body of evidence that links too much red meat consumption to increased risks of heart disease and cancer, Christopher Gardner, a food scientist at Stanford University, points out that recommendations to limit the consumption of red meat, particularly processed red meat, have been made by many national and global health organizations.
1. How did the researchers draw their conclusion?| A．By asking questions. | B．By referring to former studies. |
| C．By making comparisons. | D．By carrying out experiments. |
| A．Healthy. | B．Active. | C．Crazy. | D．Fat. |
| A．Eating red meat only once a week. | B．Replacing red meat with vegetables. |
| C．Consuming much unprocessed red meat. | D．Eating a small amount of red meat every day. |
| A．Healthy Diets Are a Must | B．Too Much Red Meat May Cause Illness |
| C．A Good Habit Is the Key to Living Well | D．Red Meat Is Beneficial to Our Health |
5 . According to the US government's dietary guidelines, people should eat 14 grams of fiber (纤维素) for every 1, 000 calories you take in daily. But only around 9% of women and 3% of men in the US meet the fiber recommendations. So how do we add more fiber to our diets?
Focus on getting fiber from a variety of plant-based foods
Researchers say your best bet is to get fiber from a variety of plant-based foods. That means eating different kinds of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, beans, seeds and nuts. Think about sweet potatoes, brown rice and pumpkin seeds.
Take baby steps
Everyone is different, and some people might be more sensitive to certain types of fiber than others. So when you increase your fiber intake, you can write down how various high-fiber foods affect you.
Don't forget to drink water
As you add more fiber to your diet, make sure to drink plenty of water as well.
| A．Rethink your salads |
| B．Here are some tips for getting there |
| C．You include fiber in your regular diet |
| D．Keep track of how high-fiber foods affect you |
| E．Not only are these foods a good source of fiber |
| F．If you don’ eat a lot of fiber before, the key is to start slowly |
| G．It can help the fiber move through your digestive system smoothly |
6 . Comfort food makes a person feel good. Food high in sugar or fat tends to improve mood by stimulating the brain’s reward system. So it makes sense that many of us may turn to food for comfort in times of stress. There’s some fascinating research that examines food as a source of comfort. However, the most interesting thing about this research may be that foods are far less comforting than we tend to believe they are.
Traci Mann, a professor of psychology, and colleagues conducted a series of study with college students. The researchers examined how much comfort foods actually improve mood. They provided students with one of the three foods that they had indicated were their top, personal comfort foods. After producing a negative mood by having them watch movie clips designed to increase their sadness, anger and anxiety, the researchers offered the students their comfort food.
They had to assess (评估) how they felt before and after they were supposedly comforted by ice cream, pizza or whatever they had indicated they typically ate to feel better. All of the students completed the study on two separate occasions: once when they were able to eat their comfort food and once when they were able to eat another food they liked, but they wouldn’t call a comfort food. The researchers found that comfort food did improve students’ moods — but only by a little bit and not more than the other food they liked.
In another study, comfort food was compared to no food at all, and students’ moods seemed to improve even when they didn’t eat anything—most likely just due to the passage of time.
The take-home message from the studies? While the comfort food may make the person feel better for the time being, it does little to address emotional problems. Of course, everyone can indulge(纵情)in a comfort food from time to time, but overall, aim for these instances to be the exception rather than the rule.
1. Which aspect of comfort food do Tract Mann’s studies focus on?| A．The means by which it affects mood. | B．Its role in reducing negativity. |
| C．Its impact on physical health. | D．The extent to which it lifts mood. |
| A．By analyzing questionnaires about comfort foods. |
| B．By observing students’ different reactions to foods. |
| C．By collecting data about people from all walks of life |
| D．By comparing students’ feelings on different occasions. |
| A．To explain a rule. | B．To introduce a concept. |
| C．To make a suggestion. | D．To present a fact. |
| A．The Science behind Comfort Food | B．Comfort Food May not Work Wonders |
| C．Feeling Negative? Try Comfort Food | D．Comfort Food Tend to Be Unhealthy |
7 . Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have, but one cannot take good health for granted.
Proper nutrition (营养) is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind of “fuel” (燃料).
Finally, get plenty of exercise.
If everybody were to eat the right food, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place.
| A．Drink cold drinks on a cold day. |
| B．We would all live to be much older and wiser. |
| C．Don’t eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat. |
| D．Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. |
| E．Secondhand smoke is harmful to children as they develop. |
| F．It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. |
| G．Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. |
8 . Living a healthy lifestyle contains making choices about the foods we eat as well as exercise and other daily activities. The term “healthy lifestyle” can be defined as “to improve and protect one’s health and well-being”. For this purpose, a healthy lifestyle can include good eating habits, regular physical activity and anti-alcoholism (抗酒精中毒).
First of all, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle. For instance, rushed morning routines, trying to lose weight, and lack of appetite (食欲) early in the morning are all reasons why people skip breakfast (不吃早餐). However, most experts think that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Another example is fast food; a hamburger from McDonald’s with special sauce and cheese is not exactly considered as a healthy meal. Our society today is developing fast and people are on the go at all times. It is much easier to stop and get fast food. As a result, humans become fatter. However, eating low-fat meals that include 5 to 9 serving of fruits and vegetables every day is an ideal healthy life plan. Therefore, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle.
Secondly, another way of living a healthy lifestyle is physical activity. Exercise is indeed part of life because it keeps the body and mind in good shape. Exercise reduces stress and contributes to (有助于) a good sleep. It can keep a person looking and feeling younger throughout his entire life, and it also helps build one’s energy and strength. So, physical activity is another way of living a healthy lifestyle.
Finally, another way is anti-alcoholism. Addiction to alcohol may cause serious social and public problems. It is accepted that driving after drinking is dangerous. Alcohol is a main factor of traffic deaths. Alcoholism can also lead to diseases, such as heart attack or liver trouble. Thus, anti-alcoholism is another way for a healthy lifestyle.
In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle can be maintained in three ways: the first way is good eating habits, the second way is regular physical activity and the final way is anti-alcoholism.
1. When it comes to living a healthy lifestyle, which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?| A．Good eating habits. | B．Anti-alcoholism. |
| C．Physical activity. | D．Losing weight. |
| A．Busy. | B．Boring. | C．Hard. | D．Happy. |
| A．By avoiding fast food. | B．By being happy every day. |
| C．By taking regular exercise. | D．By wearing some special clothes. |
| A．Life. | B．Sports. | C．Economy. | D．Advertisement. |
1. 调查结果和评论；
2. 你的建议。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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10 . Most health experts would agree that eating meat — especially red meat — in large quantities isn’t good for us, or the planet. Studies point to an increased risk of heart disease and cancer correlating to our meat-heavy diets. Meanwhile, manufacturers are busy producing increasingly tasty and more meat-like products that match the real things — making the switch from eating animals seem like a no-brainer. But are these fake meat products any healthier for us?
Jinan Banna, a dietitian and nutrition professor at the University of Hawaii says that some fake meat products can be considered “ultra-processed” foods. “That means they go through multiple processes and have a lot of added ingredients (配料),” she said. “An alternative burger, for example, might have quite a bit of sodium (钠), as well as additives.” Some of these additives are on the market for a while before the scientific community determines them to be harmful, Banna added. “Anytime you see a long list of ingredients, including ‘natural flavors’, take it as a warning sign. In other words, eschew products with lengthy ingredient lists,” said Sofia Popov, a microbiome scientist in Copenhagen. “Who knows what’s actually in it?”
Perhaps convenience is the best argument for buying an alternative meat product you can simply cook straight out of the box, but some health experts suggest other plant-based healthful options can be simple, too. For example, on a busy day, Banna said she was able to throw together a tempeh (a traditional soya product) dish which she put in a little oil, vinegar and other seasonings. “We definitely obtain nutrients from animal-based food — iron and zinc and other minerals as well. But it also contains fat and cholesterol, so it’s good to control our intake,” said Banna. “Vegetarian substitutes can be very tasty so we shouldn’t shy away from them.”
1. What is the common belief on consuming red meat?| A．It is beneficial to our planet. | B．It can stimulate the economy. |
| C．It should be served with vegetables. | D．It may make us suffer from heart disease. |
| A．Avoid. | B．Provide. | C．Inspect. | D．Purchase. |
| A．Take in more minerals. | B．Turn to convenient food instead. |
| C．Seek for plant-based meals. | D．Choose some animal-based substitutes. |
| A．Why Is Plant-based Meat Dying? | B．Are Fake Meat Products Good For You? |
| C．Fake Meat: Food’s Future Or A Fashion? | D．What Happened To The Plant-based Meat? |
