1 . A new study shows that getting half of American 8-to 11-year-olds into 25 minutes of physical activity three times a week would save $21.9 billion in medical costs over their lifetimes.
The increase from the current 32 percent to 50 percent of kids taking part in exercise, active play, or sports would also result in 340,000 fewer overweight teenagers.
“Physical activity not only makes kids feel better and helps them develop healthy habits, it’s also good for the nation’s bottom line,” says Bruce Y. Lee, executive director of the Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins University. “Our findings show that encouraging exercise and investing in physical activity when kids are young pays big dividends as they grow up.”
The study, published in the journal Health Affairs, suggests an even bigger advantage if every 8 to 11-year-old in the United States exercised 75 minutes over three times in a week. In that case, the researchers estimate (估计), $62.3 billion in medical costs over the course of their lifetimes could be avoided and 1.2 million fewer youths would be overweight. And the money would increase if not just current 8-to-11 year olds, but every future elementary school child joined their game.
Exercise at least 25 minutes a day, three days a week, is a guideline developed for kids by the Sports and Fitness Industry Association. An overweight person’s lifetime medical costs average $62,331. For the overweight person, these amounts are great.
“Even a little increase in physical activity could cause billions of dollars in savings,” Lee says. He also says there are other benefits of physical activity that don’t affect weight, such as improving bone density, improving mood, and building muscle.
Lee says “We need to be adding physical education programs and not cutting them. We need to encourage kids to be active, to reduce screen time and get them running around again. It’s important for their physical health and the nation’s financial (经济的) health.”
1. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Getting kids to run would save money. |
B.Physical activity is important for kids. |
C.Physical education programs: adding or cutting? |
D.Overweight person’s lifetime medical costs are increasing. |
A.Pays much money. | B.Pays little money. |
C.Plays an important part. | D.Is a serious question. |
A.The number of American kids from 8 to 11 who take part in physical activity is increasing. |
B.Physical education programs should be cut to encourage the nation’s financial health. |
C.25 minutes of physical activity three times a week may result in fewer overweight teenagers. |
D.Physical activity can only make kids feel better but can’t help them develop healthy habits. |
2 . Various sports attract fans for different reasons: Spectator sports draw even more fans who just love to watch. Here are some of the most beloved sports worldwide.
Hockey-2 billion fans
Hockey, both on ice and on a field, wins a following of two billion enthusiastic fans worldwide. Field hockey is mainly played in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, while ice hockey is particularly popular in Canada and the US, where kids grow up playing pond hockey. Unlike ice hockey, field hockey usually does not involve body contact in the form of checking and hitting.
Football-4 billion fans
Football, better known as soccer in the US, is by far the most popular sport in the world. Experts estimate that the origin (起源) of football may go as far back as two thousand years, beginning in ancient China during the Han Dynasty. One major reason for football’s global popularity is that unlike other sports that require expensive equipment, all you need to play football is a ball and your feet.
Volleyball-900 million fans
Volleyball pits two teams across a high net, each attempting to smash the ball onto the opponent’s floor. A popular variant, beach volleyball, is competed on sand by pairs rather than the regular six players per team. The crowd appeal of beach volleyball has grown greatly in recent years.
Tennis-1 billion fans
An estimated one billion people worldwide follow professional tennis tournaments and matches. In tennis, players on both sides of a net try to hit a ball with a racket so that it either goes past their opponent (对手) or bounces twice on their opponent’s side of the court to score points. Tennis superstars like Rafael Nadal, and Serena Williams are now household names around the world, with huge international fan bases.
1. Which sport attracts the most fans according to the text?A.Volleyball. | B.Hockey. | C.Football. | D.Tennis. |
A.Its long history. | B.Its great convenience. |
C.Its unique origin. | D.Its huge fan bases. |
A.Playing ice hockey involves body contact. |
B.Soccer is American people's favorite sport. |
C.Beach volleyball has attracted the most sports fans recently. |
D.A tennis player loses one point if his ball goes past his opponent. |
3 . Doing fitness routines is challenging and sometimes boring. Here is some advice on how to make exercise as fun as video games.
Have an objective
When you’re playing a game, there’s always an objective. It helps us focus on the task at hand and motivates us to keep playing until we win the game.
Compete against others
Adding an element of competition to your exercise routine can actually help you work out harder. If you’re seeking a similar motivation, look into fitness programs that encourage friendly competition. The app Zwift, for example, is a good choice.
Team up with others
Getting a group to work together toward a common goal was also an effective way to increase physical activity. You can try to recreate this dynamic by working toward an exercise goal with other people, particularly those who you have a close relationship to.
Add a sense of playfulness
Some people love video games because there’s a lot of unpredictability and surprise.
A.Exercise should be no different. |
B.Just remember every moment of playful engagement is a victory. |
C.But how to apply these techniques to our everyday fitness routines? |
D.Similarly, you can do many things to bring back a sense of childlike wonder. |
E.It allows you race against others around a virtual world using your own bike. |
F.This approach encouraged each member of the group to try to meet the day’s step goal. |
G.They can help you hold yourself accountable in a way you might not do with a stranger. |
4 . Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban(城市的) environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load. A walk through nature, on the other hand, appears to ease your mind and quicken your pace. The findings show that natural settings may potentially reduce cognitive (认知的)tiredness and improve reaction times straight away. The study, which includes two experiments with two different approaches, was conducted among 65 university students in the lab.
The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15-metre room at their natural speed. The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene. After each walk, participants were asked to rate their feelings of discomfort in the visual environment. On the whole, when walking in city settings, people reported more discomfort and they walked at a slower pace, indicating a higher cognitive load.
The second experiment dug into some of the higher-level cognitive processes that might be at play. In the trial, participants were asked to distinguish between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image(the same ones from the first experiment). Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes. The authors think this is because urban environments are more distracting(令人分心的) for our brains and take longer to process, but more research is needed to prove that idea.
1. How were the experiments conducted mainly?A.By comparing. | B.By giving data. |
C.By giving examples. | D.By explaining facts. |
A.It can make us feel relaxed and react quickly. | B.It can activate our thinking and speed up our step. |
C.It can make us less tired and improve our memory. | D.It can make us become more focused and creative. |
A.They had a lower cognitive load. | B.They had to slow down their pace. |
C.They couldn’t concentrate properly. | D.They felt uncomfortable after walking. |
A.Urban environment makes us more concentrated. | B.People’s feelings are decided by their pace of walking. |
C.The result of the experiments is widely appreciated. | D.People tend to get tired more easily walking in the city. |
5 . Home workout
As long as there is a space at home, we can move. It will take time if we go outside as time is precious, especially in this fast- paced age. So many people like to exercise at home. However, without trainers, getting good exercises at home can be difficult.
Avoid over-training. Nowadays, a lot of people prefer to do some popular programs they see on social media. But a lot of these programs are high-in-tensity (高强度的) and designed to make you feel tired.
Do yoga in a suitable way.
A.It can be tricky to do yoga at home. |
B.Yoga is the most effective in the presence of an instructor. |
C.Here is something you should pay attention to when you choose to exercise at home. |
D.Instead, you should try a program that is working toward a goal, with exercises you’re able to do. |
E.Watch your form. |
F.But having bad form can lead to injury. |
G.People find it easy to do these programs. |
6 . Playing tennis might add years to your life, according to a new study of Danish men and women. The study found that adults who frequently participate in tennis or other racket (球拍) and team sports lived longer than people who were spending a lot of time sitting down. They also lived longer than people who took part in activities such as jogging, swimming and cycling. The results raise interesting questions about the role that social interactions might play in enlarging the benefits of exercise.
No one doubts that being physically active improves our health and can extend our longevity (寿命). But whether some activities might be better than others remains in argument. One widely publicized 2017 study of more than 80,000 British men and women found that those who played racket sports like tennis tended to outlive those who jogged.
The researchers widened their inquiry and looked at a variety of sports and their associations with life. To start, they turned to the same data resource they had used for the jogging study, the Copenhagen City Heart Study. The study’s participants had all completed health exams and lengthy questionnaires about their lifestyles and whether and how often they took part in some sports common in Denmark, including cycling, swimming, running, tennis, soccer and, perhaps unexpectedly, badminton.
According to the data, cycling added an average of 3.7 years to riders’ lives, compared to sedentary Danes. Running added 3.2 years while tennis 9.7 years. These associations remained unchanged even when the researchers controlled for people’s education, socioeconomic status and age.
“Why and how some sports might add more years to people’s lives than others is impossible to know from this kind of observational study,” says Dr. James O’Keefe, a study co-author. “But we know that social support probably has unique effects on helping people get more benefits from the exercise.”
For now, people who run or ride alone might consider finding a group or partner to work out together. “Raising your heart rate is important for health,” he says. “But it looks like connecting with other people is, too.”
1. According to the passage, which activity may help people live longer?A.Cycling. | B.Running marathon. |
C.Swimming. | D.Playing badminton. |
A.Inactive. | B.Outgoing. | C.Depressed. | D.Easygoing. |
A.Exercising alone. | B.Working out together. |
C.Working out regularly. | D.Raising one’s heart rate. |
A.women who prefer team sports live longer than men |
B.people’s education and socioeconomic status affect their longevity |
C.the reason why some sports might add more years to people’s lives is still unknown |
D.80,000 Danish men and women participated in the survey |
7 .
Exergaming Exergaming is made up of exercise with video games. And there are lots to choose from. Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) is a fun way to work out. Simply stand on a platform and hit the coloured targets with your feet as you follow the instructions on the screen. You score points by hitting the right target at the right time. As the tagline (标语) says, “Taking dancing to a whole new level!” For a gentler form of exercise, try the “Wii Fit” series of games. You can do yoga, strength training and so on when standing on a balance board. Personalise your workout, or exercise with a friend, competing in games! |
Anti-shoes Anti-shoes are designed to exercise parts of your body while you’re walking. They’re meant to improve your figure, and strengthen your leg and back muscles. The shoes were invented by Swiss engineer Karl Maller. He discovered that the Kenyan Masai tribespeople (who often walk barefoot) don’t suffer from back pain and are famous for their perfect figure. So, he decided that the answer was a shoe with a curved sole (弯曲的鞋底). Walking on this type of shoe is similar to the rocking move of a foot walking on soft sand or grass. |
Zumba Zumba is a fun form of exercise. As their tagline says, “Drop the workout, join the party!” Zumba is a Latin-inspired fitness dance programme that uses hip-hop, samba, martial arts and belly dance moves to get you in shape. It was created by accident when a trainer forgot his exercise CD and used his own samba music instead. There are lots of different types of classes for all levels, including “Zumbatomic” for children aged 4 to 12, “Zumba Gold” for older participants, and “Aqua Zumba” among many others. |
1. If you want to reduce your back pain, you can choose ________.
A.DDR | B.Wii Fit | C.Anti-shoes | D.Zumba |
A.You can play “Wii Fit” games on a platform. |
B.Zumba is too difficult for the elderly to dance. |
C.Playing games also has good effects on health. |
D.Zumba is a combination of many types of dance. |
A.are interested in hiking | B.like trying new kinds of exercise |
C.like playing video games | D.want to improve dancing skills |
8 . Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽) —chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins, the mice’s behavior didn’t seem to change. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runners’ high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药 方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can improve your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is to put on our running shoes.
1. What did scientists from German universities recently discover?A.Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression. |
B.The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids. |
C.Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running. |
D.The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood. |
A.To find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms. |
B.To see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high. |
C.To identify what is responsible for the runner’s high. |
D.To test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released. |
A.Effect. | B.Goal. | C.Opinion. | D.Question |
A.They can help ease depression symptoms. |
B.They are the best way to treat depression. |
C.They only work for those with serious depression. |
D.They can help people completely recover from depression. |
9 . There are many ways to travel within a city. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. But no matter which way we travel, we have to stick to the route (线路) the city planners laid down for us.
Parkour practitioners (跑酷爱好者), however, see the city in a completely different way. To them, there are no fixed routes. There are no walls and no stairs — since they jump, climb, roll and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything that they find in their path. The city is their playground.
The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it — there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian — and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination (协调性) and balance. So the organization is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024.
But parkour practitioners themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. “They see parkour as a lifestyle,” wrote the website NextSportStar. “It’s a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport.”
“Indeed, many do parkour just to escape the daily routine (常规) and experience the city in different ways,” wrote reporter Oli Mould on The Conversation. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure.
It’s great that the FIG wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition.
1. How do the parkour practitioners do parkour?A.They move on as they wish. | B.They plan the way in advance |
C.They run faster than others. | D.They stick to certain routes. |
A.It’s a special way of life. |
B.It draws their attention. |
C.It’s good for people to keep healthy. |
D.It needs some rules and instructions. |
A.It is more formal than other sports. |
B.It is a creative way of life. |
C.It’s worth adding to the sporting event. |
D.It calls on people to work as a team. |
A.A new sports competition | B.Parkour practitioners |
C.Training in a different way | D.Making the city their own |
10 . Top running routes in the USA
Holidays for some people are all about relaxing on the beach but for others, it’s important to be out and about. Walking and running holidays allow travellers to explore the beauty of a country and get plenty of fresh air without spending too much money. Here are some of the most beautiful running routes (路线) in the USA — you may want to give these a go.
Mammoth Lakes
An area favoured by athletes from all over the world, Mammoth Lakes offers amazing views and plenty of trails (小路) along with a healthy running community for active travellers to explore. Well-known track coaches Joe Vigil and Bob Larsen brought marathon superstars to the area in 2001 and ever since, it has trained 12 Olympians who have earned two Olympic medals as well as three major marathon wins.
Three Rivers Heritage Trail
Perfect for runners who like a bit of variety on their route, the Three Rivers Heritage Trail offers 24 miles of path going through a number of neighbourhoods, popular shopping and entertainment districts (娱乐区) and green space providing the perfect guide to the city on two feet.
Naples
Naples is well-known for its high-end shopping, world-class culture and high-class dining. The best running trail is along Gulf Shore Boulevard and Gordon Road, with views of the white sandy beaches and water, and some of Naples boutique hotels and holiday homes.
Barr Trail
The Barr Trail is a trail that began as a way to enter mining (采矿) areas on Pikes Peak and later developed into a tourist trail. It starts in Manitou Springs, a little tourist town just west of The Springs, and climbs to the top of Pikes Peak in about 12 miles and 7,400 feet of vertical (垂直的) gain. This is not an easy route so be sure to pack the right supplies and rest when you need to.
1. What might you experience in Mammoth Lakes?A.Running like an Olympian. |
B.Meeting your favourite stars. |
C.Taking part in a major marathon. |
D.Being trained by Joe Vigil and Bob Larsen. |
A.Three Rivers Heritage Trail. | B.Barr Trail. | C.Mammoth Lakes. | D.Naples. |
A.Mammoth Lakes. | B.Barr Trail. | C.Naples. | D.Three Rivers Heritage Trail. |
A.Naples. | B.Barr Trail. | C.Mammoth Lakes. | D.Three Rivers Heritage Trail. |
A.Coal miners. | B.Window shoppers. |
C.Competitive swimmers. | D.Experienced adventurers. |