1 . Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixty-eight healthy young women and men who ran at least twenty-four kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot.
Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.
The study appeared in the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group had always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.
Harvard’s Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heels. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibram, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
1. What can we learn from the passage?A.The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel. |
B.We should start running barefoot in no time. |
C.Running in modem running shoes could have more serious effects than running in high heels. |
D.We won’t be injured if we run barefoot. |
A.Three. | B.Four. |
C.Five. | D.Six. |
A.By practising. | B.By comparing. |
C.By questioning. | D.By reasoning. |
A.Walking in high heels could have fewer serious effects than running barefoot. |
B.Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels. |
C.Running in shoes is partly good to runners. |
D.Two new studies prove running without shoes is beneficial to runners in most cases. |
2 . The dangers of sitting all day are obvious. Researchers have shown that remaining sitting for extended periods of time (like at your 9-to-5 desk job) can do harm to your health. While exercise is a big part of reducing the harmful effects of sitting, it was unclear how many gym periods were needed to help – until now.
A new study, published in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary(久坐的)job. Instead of a fixed number of hours spent exercising, the ratio(比率)depends on how much you sit: people who work a typical eight-hour day should spend at least one hour each day moving. If you sit six hours a day, you should spend half an hour exercising. The research also indicates that the exercise doesn’t have to be all once – or rigorous(严格的). It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking.
The team behind the study analyzed data from a pool of a million adults over the age of 45 in Western Europe, the United States, and Australia. Using previous data, the researches examined data from 16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise is required to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.
Fitting in an hour of exercise a day sounds especially discouraging if you have a desk job, but there are plenty of workouts you can complete before and after work. Even if it means taking a 10-minute walk during lunch, your body will thank you in the long run.
1. The underlined words “compensate for” can be best replaced by ________.A.make up for | B.break away from |
C.give up | D.take the place of |
is that ________.
A.workouts may reduce the harm of sitting for long |
B.the harm of sitting for long has been proved |
C.they don’t have to exercise as long as suggested previously |
D.the time spent on exercise is flexible |
A.The best form of workouts is walking. |
B.The longer you exercise, the better. |
C.The new exercise goal is practical though higher. |
D.A desk job makes it impossible to exercise regularly. |
A.by example | B.by process |
C.by comparison | D.by contrast |
3 . How to keep fit
Nowadays, with the high pace of modern life, more and more people are in the state of sub-health (亚健康). A healthy body is very important to every one of us. The steps to good health aren’t complex. Here are some suggested ways.
• Form good healthy habits. Better your healthy lifestyle by adopting a variety of healthy habits, including getting enough sleep. Sleep is one of the most important bodily functions to make cells healthy again.
• Do exercise. I don’t know whether you discover that most of the ancient people are healthy.
•
A.Keep a good diet. |
B.And then the health problem comes. |
C.Realize the importance of keeping fit. |
D.You should get at least six hours of sleep a night. |
E.If you try, a life of good quality will be the reward. |
F.The reason is that they have to do labor work every day. |
G.It is said that keeping a good mood will lead to a good body. |
4 . If you want to keep fit, please refer to the following.
Move More
Make it a daily thing to find ways to move your body.
Quit Smoking
Ever since 1960 when it was announced that smoking was harmful to health, Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products. Just recently, we’ve seen more and more teens smoking. Could it be the Hollywood influence?
While recent studies show a glass of wine or one drink a day can help protect against heart disease, more than that can cause other health problems such as liver and kidney(肝肾)disease and cancer.
Reduce Stress
Easier said than done, stress comes in many ways.
Protect Yourself from Pollution
If you can’t live in a smog-free environment, at least avoid smoke-filled rooms.
A.Avoid Excessive(过度的) Drinking |
B.Keep a Positive Mental Outlook |
C.Think carefully about what you will do. |
D.Exercise outside when the smog rating is low. |
E.It seems that the stars in every movie smoke cigarettes. |
F.There are many things you can do to move your arms and legs. |
G.Some techniques given by experts are to think positive thoughts. |
Personalized Exercise
As the start of every year, many of us promise ourselves that a certain number of times a week we will go to the gym or attend an exercise class. But finally many of us just struggle to fit exercise into our lives, or start off well and then give up. Why do we have a good plan at the beginning and fail to achieve it in the end? How can we deal with the problem?
It is important to determine your motivation first. Are you mainly interested in de-stressing or in getting fitter? If your goal is relaxation, then ask yourself if you want to do it energetically.
As you see, everything counts when you are doing exercise. Whatever your lifestyle is, you will be able to have something that suits you.
A.Good exercise is necessary for physical health. |
B.The key could be to find the right type of exercise. |
C.If it is fitness you are after, group activities will be suitable. |
D.You’d better create a personalized plan to get you into shape. |
E.In this case, a type of exercise based on boxing may be right for you. |
F.In other words, you can always find personalized exercise by yourself. |
G.For people who are extremely busy, it is easier to fit exercise into daily lives. |
6 . Erica and Steve Lineberry have been rock climbing since 2005. They were first introduced to it while visiting a family in Montana. Now they are at climbing centers, like Inner Peaks in Charlotte, three times a week, and on weekends they climb outdoors.
Steve said they first started climbing as part of their exercise. Years later, he lost 60 pounds. But as the couple’s interest in the sport grew, they consulted some mentors and started climbing outdoors.
Then Erica got pregnant. “Most people think that rock climbing and pregnancy don’t go very well together,” Erica said. But with lots of places to go, Erica kept climbing through her pregnancy. Then her son, Ca-naan, was born. She says the baby immediately started participating in the family sport. “He went to the gym the first time with us at four weeks old, and then we took our first outdoor trip, just a day trip, at six weeks old with him.”
Now Canaan is three-year-old, and Erica is once again pregnant: 7 months along. During her first preg-nancy, she blogged about climbing while pregnant. Now her Cragmama. com website is a top resource for families who rock climb. Erica said, “I think a lot of people will say, they’ll wait a few years until they get into an easier age or an easier life phase with their kids. And I think if they wait for that they’re going to wait forever. ” Her message to women is to quickly climb back into the things you love; and that your life is not over once you are a mother.
Cragmama.com website is quickly becoming the face of mommy rock climbing. She contributes to a handful of climbing magazines. Outdoor equipment companies ask her to wear and use their gear (设备). And her website is a popular resource for families who are not only interested in climbing with their children, but also interested in taking on other adventures too.
1. What does the author intend to tell in the passage?A.A family who love rock climbing. |
B.A couple who learn how to climb. |
C.A woman who is brave to climb. |
D.A story about a pregnant woman. |
A.Friends. | B.Students. |
C.Teachers. | D.Leaders. |
A.Erica never cared about her unborn baby |
B.rock climbing does good to pregnant women |
C.Canaan fell in love with climbing at four weeks |
D.Erica is really a courageous and fearless woman |
A.The women who expect to have babies. |
B.The families who have brought up a child. |
C.The women who have sympathy for Erica. |
D.The families who take interest in rock climbing. |