内容包括：问题的严重性；改进和预防措施等。
要求：
1. 词数 80 词左右；
2. 开头结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇：近视 nearsightedness
Dear teachers and fellow students,
It’s my great honour to stand here and present a speech. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all! Thanks for all your attention!
2 . Watching a specific deep red light for just three minutes once a week, when delivered in the morning, may significantly improve the eyesight, according to a new study by researchers at University College London. The findings show that red light might be a cheap and easy treatment for older people suffering from poor vision.
Last year, researchers from University College London did a study on red light therapy(疗法). 24 healthy volunteers, aged between 28 and 72, were asked to look at red light for three minutes every day for two weeks. Tests later found that the eyesight of people over the age of 40 improved.
To test the possible weak points of their therapy, they did a new study this year. Instead of using the light every day, they used it once a week. The new study included 20 volunteers, aged between 34 and 70, all with healthy vision. Some received red light therapy in the morning, and others received it in the afternoon. They were then tested on their color vision up to a week later. On the whole, those who got the treatment in the morning showed a 17% improvement in their color vision, even a week later. Those who got the treatment in the afternoon did not have any improvement.
The findings do support their earlier work, and they might make the treatment more practicable, since a once-weekly treatment is easier to stick to than a daily one. But the team’s promising results are still drawn on limited numbers of healthy volunteers. Larger studies would be needed to show the benefits of red light therapy.
“In the near future, a once-a-week three-minute exposure to deep red light could be done while making a coffee or listening to a song, and such a simple thing could change eye care and vision around the world,” Jeffrey said. Given its low cost (as little as $15) per device, and simplicity, Jeffrey and the team is excited about the future of their therapy.
1. What do we know about the study from paragraph 2 and 3?| A．24 healthy old people took part in the study. |
| B．All the volunteers had better eyesight after the study. |
| C．The therapy was more effective when used once a week. |
| D．The time of day for treatment was vital in the new study. |
| A．The age of the volunteers. | B．The number of the volunteers. |
| C．The poor vision of the volunteers. | D．The health condition of the volunteers. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Critical. | C．Ambiguous. | D．Conservative. |
| A．To state the importance of eye care. |
| B．To explain the value of deep red light. |
| C．To encourage people to protect their eyes. |
| D．To introduce a way to fight vision decline. |
3 . First-Aid to Stop Nosebleeds
Nosebleeds occur when the inner lining of one's nose is hurt or dry. Although a nosebleed maybe frightening, most conditions that cause nosebleeds are not serious or life threatening.
Position your body. To begin, sit down, since it is more comfortable than standing. Tilt head forward so that the blood drains through the nostrils.
Press the nose. Use your thumb and index finger to hold your nostrils for 5 to 10 minutes while you breathe through your mouth. This puts pressure on the part of your nose that's bleeding and can make the blood stop flowing.
Cool yourself down. Lowering your body temperature can help reduce the blood flow to your nose. To do this, place ice cubes in your mouth. This helps achieve a lower temperature sooner than cooling the external part of the nose.
| A．Be gentle on your nose. |
| B．Wash your nose and rest. |
| C．Keep your head above your heart. |
| D．It also helps you keep the lower temperature for longer. |
| E．You should see a doctor if you do not have a serious issue. |
| F．If bleeding continues, reapply pressure for another 10 minutes. |
| G．You can perform some first aid at home during a nosebleed to help stop it. |
4 . Some experts say muscle loss begins around age 50. But others say it can start as early as age 30. Although muscle loss may be a natural part of aging , you can do some things to slow it down. Lost muscles are not gone forever. It is better to start building muscles when you are younger and in good health. Experts may not know exactly when muscle loss starts , but it is never too late to start strength training.
Simply put , strength training is what makes one's muscles stronger, Let us talk about some of the health benefits of strength training. This information comes from Harvard Medical School and the Mayo Clinic, a nonprofit health and research organization in the United States.
Harvard University researchers say that strength training puts pressure on your bones. This pressure can aggrandize the thickness or density of bones. This can reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis — a disease that weakens bones, making them easy to break, usually when people get older or because they do not have enough calcium or Vitamin D. And experts say strength training can reduce the problems of many long-term disorders, such as back pain, heart disease, diabetes and depression.
Considering it's easy for people to run to fat when getting older, strength training can help you take control of your weight. Muscle weighs more than fat. But muscle increases your metabolism （新陈代谢），and a higher metabolism helps you burn more calories.
Strength training can improve your ability to take activities. For example, having stronger muscles makes it easier to lift and move things. So, your risk of falling or getting injured may be lessened. As we age, this can greatly add to our quality of life. And some research shows that regular strength training, when combined with other kinds of exercise, may help older adults think and learn better.
The aging process affects the human body in many ways. It is believed that strength training can have a major effect on a person's life, so consider motivating others to join you in the many physical and emotional benefits of strength training.
1. What can we conclude according to the first paragraph?| A．Muscle loss has become a big threat for the young, |
| B．Lost muscles can come back by taking strength training. |
| C．Experts will do research about when muscles lose. |
| D．Being inactive in life can speed up the aging process. |
| A．Protect. | B．Improve. | C．Prevent. | D．Influence. |
| A．It can lift the level of calcium or Vitamin D. |
| B．It can control the metabolism to some extent. |
| C．It can cure some of their long-term disorders. |
| D．It can help perform their routines easily. |
| A．Why You Need to Start Strength Training |
| B．What You Should Do with Everyday Activities |
| C．When Building Your Muscles Matters a Lot |
| D．How Strength Training Affects Your Thinking |
5 . Take Care of Your Eyes
Many of us don’t pay attention to the importance of eye care. It’s said that if you take care of your body, then you can be healthy.
There are several reasons leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, gene (基因) and aging (老化) .
Something dirty can lead to redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water.
Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamins (维生素) A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly (规律地) and eats the right kind of food,
| A．What can we do to protect our eyes? |
| B．That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care. |
| C．You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful thing. |
| D．such behavior (行为) will do harm to our eyes. |
| E．All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes |
| F．his eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. |
| G．Televisions, computers and reading are also the reasons of having poor eyesight. |
6 . Brain fitness has basic principles: variety and curiosity.
1. Learn a New Skill
2. Tell Good Stories
Stories are a way that we strengthen memories, interpret events and share moments.
3.
Your brain needs you to eat healthy fats. Focus on fish oils from wild salmon, nuts such as walnuts, and seeds. Eat more of these foods and less saturated fats (饱和脂肪).
4. Read Something Different
Books are portable, free from libraries and filled with infinite interesting characters, information and facts. Branch out from familiar reading topics. If you usually read history books, try a contemporary novel. Read foreign authors, the classics and random books.
| A．Eat for Your Health |
| B．Eat for Your Brain |
| C．Not only will your brain get a workout by reading different time periods, cultures and peoples, you will also have interesting stories to tell about your reading. |
| D．Practice telling your stories, both new and old, so that they are interesting and fun. |
| E．When anything you do becomes your second nature, you need to make a change. |
| F．Learning a new skill works multiple areas of the brain. |
| G．There are formal courses, websites and books with programs on how to train your brain to work better and faster. |
7 . Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:
Schedule yearly exams.
Protect against UV rays .
Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it’s extremely important to wear sunglasses.
Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.
As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses.
Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.
Otherwise: you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
| A．Eat your greens. |
| B．Eye care should begin early in life. |
| C．They can properly protect your eyes. |
| D．Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins. |
| E．Parents usually don’t care about their own eyesight. |
| F．Always follow the doctor’s advice for appropriate wear. |
| G．This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness. |
8 . Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, "more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter."
Smell, which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes (基因), which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.
However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.
1. What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?| A．The category of food smells. |
| B．The logical part of human brain. |
| C．The nature of human olfactory system. |
| D．The relationship between food and feelings. |
| A．Bread. | B．Fruits. |
| C．Coffee. | D．Fast food. |
| A．Some people can recognize up to 50 smells. |
| B．Every person has a different pattern of genes. |
| C．Different people are sensitive to different smells. |
| D．There are still some olfactory genes to be found out. |
| A．Logic and behaviour. |
| B．Smell and its influence. |
| C．Sense ability and food tastes. |
| D．Olfactory genes and its system. |
9 . Eyesight is the sense that you rely upon the most. Since we live in a world that requires your eyes to routinely stare at the small type and images on cell phones, computer screens, and televisions, it is important for you to improve and protect your eyesight.
Eyes are just like any other part of the body.
Since you use your eyes every waking moment, give them lots of rest and relaxation by taking breaks throughout the day and getting enough sleep every night to fully rest, repair, and recover your vision.
Besides, most jobs nowadays involve some degree of computer usage, meaning almost everyone will be spending time in front of a computer.
| A．They need nutrition to function well. |
| B．Close your eyes when exercising your eyes. |
| C．A lack of sleep will weaken your vision health. |
| D．You can enjoy your vision for the rest of your life. |
| E．Unfortunately, this can result in eye strain or injury. |
| F．There are many ways to keep your eyesight healthy and sharp. |
| G．Exercising your eyes daily will help you maintain healthy eyes. |
| A．Her arms. | B．Her neck. | C．Her leg. |
