1 . A new study, published this week in the journal Frontiers in Veterinary Science, reveals that non-human animals' tears are not so different from our own. The chemical similarities are so great, in fact, that the composition of other species' tears—and how they're adapted to their environments-may provide insights into better treatments for human eye disease.

Previously, scientists had studied closely only the tears of a handful of mammals, including humans, dogs, horses, camels, and monkeys. In the new study, Brazilian veterinarians analyzed the tears of reptiles and birds for the first time , focusing on seven species.

Tears, which are released from tear tubes, form a film over the eye that's composed of three ingredients: mucus, waler, and oil. The mucus coats the eyes surface and helps to attach the film to the eye, the water is a natural salty solution containing crucial proteins and minerals, and the oil prevents the eye from drying out.

Humans are the only known species to produce emotional tears; the expression "crocodile tears," which refers to a person's phony display of emotion, comes from the mysterious tendency of crocodiles to release tears as they eat.

But tears play key roles beyond weeping, notes Lionel Sebbag at Iowa State University, who was not involved in the new research. They help with vision by lubricating and clearing the eye. They also protect the eye against infection and provide nutrition to the cornea, the eye's clear outer layer, which lacks blood tubes, he says.

Learning how reptiles and birds' use tears may also inspire new medications for conditions such as dry eye, which occurs when tear tubes don't produce enough oil. The disease, common in cats, dogs, and people, can sometimes lead to blindness.

1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The source of tears.	B．The composition of tears.
C．The classification of tears,	D．The definition of tears.

2. What does the underlined word "phony” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Tricky.

B．Regretful.

C．Cold.

D．False.

3. Which statement does Lionel Sebbag agree with?

A．Weeping contributes to eye disease.	B．The cornea has rich blood tubes.
C．Tears oil and clear the eyes.	D．More tears mean better vision.

4. What might be the best title for the text?

A．Tears, a barrier to eyes	B．A better treatment for eye disease
C．Non-human tears promise new cures	D．Other species’ tears are similar to humans'

2 . Human-like parts have been grown on the backs of mice using 3D printing. The technique could potentially be used to construct new parts or other body parts in people without the need for surgery.

It's getting more common to see customized body parts, like jaws, ribs and spinal vertebrae built by 3D printing. But these parts must be printed outside the body before they are implanted through surgery, which carries an infection risk.

Now, Mailing Gou at Sichuan University, China, and his colleagues have shown that body ports can be 3D printed inside the body, at least in mice, without the need for surgery.

Initially, the researchers injected a “bio-ink” made of hydrogel particles and cartilage cells into the backs of mice. Next, the bio-inks were exposed to the ear-shaped patterns of near-infrared light. This critical step allowed the hydrogel particles to stick together and develop layer-by-layer into parts-shaped structures. Over the next month, the cartilage cells grew around the hydrogel structures, eventually creating structure similar to the cartilage structures of real human cars. Throughout the process, the mice experienced no significant side effects.

The famous Vacanti mouse of the 1990s also had a human-like ear grown on its back, but it was made by implanting a pre-made plastic structure seeded with cartilage cells underneath the skin, rather than 3D printing the structure directly at the site.

The researchers hope the new technique could be used to construct new ears for people born with microtia, a condition that prevents the parts from developing properly. “We are making effort improve this technique for future treatment of human ear defects,” says Gou.

The nonsurgical 3D printing technique could also potentially be used to repair damaged cartilage in noses, fingers, toes or elbows, says Derek Rosenzweig at McGill University in Canada. In contrast, hip and deep knee cartilage defects may be harder to fix, because near-infrared light usually only penetrates about 2 centimeters into the body, he says.

Gou’s team hopes to eventually adapt the technique to fix other damaged organs like the heart or lungs. However, “this will be more challenging because the heart and lungs contain multiple cell types, which are deeper in the body and are constantly contracting and relaxing,” says Rosenzweig.

1. What is special about the new 3D technique?

A．It requires new surgical methods.	B．It causes unexpected side effects.
C．It produces many customized body parts.	D．It allows new body parts to grow in the body.

2. According to the passage, which of the following matters most in the experiment process of Gou’s team?

A．The hydrogel particles.	B．The cartilage cells.
C．The near-infrared light.	D．The pre-made plastic structure.

3. What does Rosenzweig think of the technique?

A．It's life-saving.	B．It needs improving.
C．It’s still impossible.	D．It’s getting common.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．New Method of Constructing Body Parts.	B．A Breakthrough in Treating Body Defects.
C．A New Technique Requiring No Surgery.	D．Body Parts Can Be 3D-Printed Inside the Body.

3 . The spine (脊柱) stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to health, it’s important to take care of it.

Staying in a good position is one of the most important things you can do to keep your spine healthy. A proper position means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural bending. Positions play a vital part even when you’re asleep. Stomach sleeping is far from a good idea. Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine. Sleeping on your back has lots of benefits yet can cause lower back pain and put some pressure on your spine.

Staying still for too long — even if your position is good — can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it’s important to get up and stretch (伸展) periodically. Therefore, exercise is also a key part in the health of your spine. Stretches can help the muscles (肌肉) around your spine relax. Strength exercises with light weights or body weight exercises like push­ups can also help by strengthening the muscles. However, don’t overdo the exercise, as repeated movements can hurt the muscles around the spine, as trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique.

Your diet also affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, vitamin B and omega­3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy. Another important part is vitamin D, which is required for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it’s also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside. At last, many of the actions necessary to keep a spine healthy are similar to those used to protect your health in other ways. So protect your back, and the rest of the body will benefit.

1. Which sleep position is best for our spine according to the passage?

A．	B．
C．	D．

2. What is suggested in Paragraph 3?

A．Doing a proper amount of exercise.

B．Staying still in a good position.

C．Repeating a certain movement more.

D．Strengthening muscles of the whole body.

3. What can we infer about vitamins?

A．Vitamin B reacts with omega­3 fatty acids.

B．Abundant vitamin D guarantees strong bones.

C．Vitamin D can’t be absorbed without sunlight.

D．Doing push­ups outside increases vitamin D intake.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Good posture, good spine

B．Stay still, stay healthy

C．Healthy means, healthy spine

D．Proper exercise, proper weight

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适合的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s     1    (harm) rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from     2    (lose) too much water; it is     3     you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if you skin       4    (burn) it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the       5    (treat) of burns.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Removing foreign objects from ears and noses costs England almost £3 million a year, a study suggests. Children were responsible for     1    vast majority of cases—95% of objects from noses and 85% ears. Every year, an average of 1,218 nose and 2,479 ear removals     2    (occur) between 2010 and 2019. According to statistics, children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose     3     five to nine year olds came to the hospital with something in their ear the most. Jewelry items accounted for up to 40% of cases in both the ears and noses of children. Paper and plastic toys were the items     4     (come) next. Cotton buds and pencils were also found in ears.

According to the study, the accidents of foreign objects in children is generally attributed to     5    (curious). Children have an impulse     6     (explore) their noses and ears. This results in the accidental entry     7    foreign objects. Any ear, nose or throat surgeon has many     8     (believe) stories about wonderful objects     9     (detect) in the noses and ears of children and adults. In all cases, prevention is better than cure. This is why many toys contain     10    (warn) about small parts. Recognizing problems early and seeking medical attention is important.

6 . Why is the human brain so mighty? It has billions of nerve cells to carry out its commands. Without the brain, you would not be able to think, feel, move, remember, or do all the things that make you the special person you are.

At birth, the brains of infants (婴儿) weigh the same. But by adulthood, that changes. The average male brain weighs about 11 to 12 percent more than woman’s brain. But brain weight and size have nothing to do with intelligence. What matters is what’s inside the brain.

Despite its small size (about 3 pounds), the brain is able to receive and send an unlimited number of messages. It does this with the help of the spinal cord, the sense organs, and the automatic nervous system. The brain carries out this task by assigning jobs.

It puts the cerebellum in charge of balance and coordination.

The brainstem regulates heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.

And the largest parts of the brain, the cerebral cortex and the cerebrum, control thoughts, feelings, and actions.

The cerebrum is divided into two halves. Each controls the muscles on the opposite side of the body. So, if you usually eat with your right hand and kick with your right foot, then your brain’s left half is said to “dominate”, and you’re right-handed. When the opposite is true, your brain’s’ right half takes the lead and you’re left-handed.

People use both halves of the brain, but the left half is especially good at helping you with words and numbers and helping you read and speak. The right side is better at creative tasks, such as music and art. And your sense of humor develops there.

Each half has four sets of lobes (脑叶). The frontal lobes behind your forehead do lot of the thinking and planning. The parietal lobes toward the back of your head sense pain. And the occipital lobes at the base of the brain allow you to see. The temporal lobes behind your ears store memories of music, taste, vision, and touch.

1. What is the writing purpose of starting the text with a question?

A．To stress the importance of the brain.

B．To explain reasons for the power of the brain.

C．To leads readers into the main topic.

D．To share with readers the author’s problem.

2. Which of the following parts is in charge of regulating breathing?

A．The cerebral cortex.

B．The cerebrum.

C．The cerebellum.

D．The brainstem.

3. Based on the text, what would people with dominant right half brains likely do?

A．Draw with the right hand.

B．Write with the left hand.

C．Eat with the right hand.

D．Kick a soccer ball with the right foot.

4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．The brain is a small organ that does a lot for the human body.

B．An intelligent person has a bigger brain size than other people.

C．The brain has two halves that control which hand you write with.

D．The lobes in the brain play an important role and do different tasks.

7 . 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Perhaps it is time to turn down your smart phones to stop your hearing being harmed without being noticed. The UN sounded a warning Tuesday     1     more than one billion young people are in danger of damaging their hearing through overuse of smart phones and other audio devices ,     2     (suggest) new safety standards (标准) for safe volume (音量) levels.

Young people tend to fall into risky listening habits easily. Around half of those     3     the ages of 12 and 35, or 1.1 billion people, are at risk as a result of long hours of enjoying loud sounds, including music they listen to through     4     (person) audio devices, the UN health agency said.

At present, about five percent of the global population, or some 466 million people, 34 million children included, suffer from disabling hearing loss. WHO considers a volume above 85 decibels (分贝) for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes     5     (high) unsafe levels.

The organization is calling for parental as well as automatic volume controls on audio devices     6     (prevent) dangerous use.

While some smart phones and other audio devices already offer some of these features, the UN would like to see     7     uniform standard used to help protect against disabling hearing loss.

“Think of it like driving on a highway, but without a speedometer in your car or a speed limit,” Shelly Chadha of the WHO told     8     (report) in Geneva. “    9     we've advised is that your smart phones     10     ( fit) with a speedometer, with a measurement system which tells you how much sound you're getting and tells you if you are going over the limit.”

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Which part does the woman dislike about her face?

A．Her eyes.

B．Her nose.

C．Her mouth.

2. What does the man think of the plastic surgery?

A．It is risky.

B．It is worth doing.

C．It can make people more beautiful.

9 . As COVID-19 spreads across the globe, people are staying 1.8 meters apart, washing their hands and avoiding touching their faces . Or at least they're trying to. However, ignoring an itchy nose or hair in your eyes is easier said than done. Even professionals who should know better get caught by the impulse. Medical school students being trained in infectious disease prevention, for example, touched their faces 23 times an hour during a lecture, according to a 2015 study in the American Journal of Infection Control.

"Actually, it's one of the most common habits for any human," said psychologist Kevin Chapman. "People are taught to touch their faces often, whether by applying makeup, brushing their teeth, or putting their hair up," Chapman added. These routines carry over to less intentional methods of touching their faces, such as rubbing their eyes in a bacteria-filled grocery store.

This tendency isn't just about repetition. "It's a habit to make sure that our faces are appearing a certain way publicly, " Chapman said. Food around the mouth , for example , could suggest that someone is lazy or doesn’t take care of their appearance. Touching their face allows people to regulate their presentation and also shows others that they're self-aware.

Though touching the face is a bad habit for many people, it can be worse for those with anxiety. To manage stress, they may perform body-focused repetitive behaviors such as biting their nails or pulling their hair. On a less severe level, people may touch their faces to comfort themselves in times of stress.

When people are concerned about touching their faces, they may do it more frequently. To break the habit, you should start by being more aware of what you are doing, but don't punish yourself when you reach out your hand.

1. What does the underlined part "the impulse" in Paragraph 1 refer to ?

A．The desire to touch the face.	B．The hope of staying away from others.
C．The desire to wash hands frequently.	D．The wish to accept professional training.

2. Which of the following about face-touching may Chapman agree with?

A．It is an acquired habit.	B．It is the latest fashion.
C．It is an age-old custom.	D．It is the act of self-protection.

3. What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss about face-touching?

A．Its typical examples.	B．Its future tendency.
C．Its public rules.	D．Its social reasons.

4. Why do people with anxiety repeat some body-focused behaviors?

A．To keep focused.	B．To stop self-harm.
C．To make themselves relieved.	D．To create a strong impression.

5. How can we avoid touching the face frequently according to the last paragraph?

A．By taking regular relaxation exercises.	B．By paying more attention to the behavior.
C．By carrying out severe punishment accordingly.	D．By concentrating on the other parts of the body.

10 . My friend Michelle is blind, but you'd never know it. She makes such good use of her other 4_______,including her “sixth sense”, that she rarely gives the impression she's _______ anything.

Michelle looks after her children pretty much like the rest of us, _______ that she doesn't push too hard on them,_______really benefit a lot from her relaxed attitude.She knows when to clean the house; she moves around so fast that often _______ don't realize she's blind.

I _______this the first time after my six­year­old daughter, Kayla, went to play there.When Kayla came home, she was very _______ about her day.She told me they had baked cookies, played games and done art projects.But she was _______ excited about her finger­painting project.

“Mom, guess what？”said Kayla, all smiles “I learned how to _______ colors today! Blue and red make purple,and yellow and blue make green! And Michelle ________ with us.”

To my great ________,my child had learnt about color from a blind friend!

Then Kayla continued, “Michelle told me my ________ showed joy, pride and a sense of accomplishment. She really ________ what I was doing！”Kayla said she had never felt how good finger paints felt ________ Michelle showed her how to paint without looking at her paper.

I realized Kayla didn't know that Michelle was blind.It had just never ________ in conversation.

When I told her, she was ________ for a moment. At first, she didn't believe me. “But Mommy, Michelle knew exactly what was in my picture！”Kayla ________ . And I knew my child was ________ because Michelle had listened to Kayla describe her artwork.Michelle had also heard Kayla's ________ in her work.

We were silent for a minute. Then Kayla said slowly, “You know, Mommy, Michelle really did see my picture. She just used my __________”

Indeed, she uses a special type of “vision” that all mothers have.

1.

A．ways

B．senses

C．means

D．methods

2.

A．enjoyed

B．found

C．seen

D．missed

3.

A．and

B．even

C．except

D．but

4.

A．who

B．it

C．she

D．which

5.

A．family

B．guests

C．children

D．friends

6.

A．realized

B．witnessed

C．recognized

D．regretted

7.

A．sad

B．excited

C．satisfied

D．enjoyed

8.

A．not at all

B．not so

C．a little

D．especially

9.

A．paint

B．draw

C．mix

D．create

10.

A．painted

B．stayed

C．talked

D．watched

11.

A．excitement

B．encouragement

C．surprise

D．delight

12.

A．picture

B．color

C．attitude

D．paper

13.

A．touched

B．understood

C．saw

D．got

14.

A．after

B．since

C．when

D．until

15.

A．referred to

B．turned out

C．thought about

D．come up

16.

A．curious

B．disappointed

C．puzzled

D．quiet

17.

A．cried

B．complained

C．insisted

D．informed

18.

A．wrong

B．right

C．worried

D．uncertain

19.

A．pride

B．difficulties

C．shortcomings

D．description

20.

A．paper

B．pens

C．eyes

D．hands