1 . Why did the man go to see a doctor?

A．He can only see things up close.

B．His glasses no longer work.

C．He is going blind.

2 . Have you ever wondered if you see the same colours as other people? Most people know what blue is when they see it. They see the colour and call it “blue” because they were taught the word and associated it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as blue isn’t someone else’s red?

The ability to perceive colours is down to receptors in our eyes. Light waves hit these receptors and they react depending on which colour the light is, sending signals to the brain. The brain then decodes these signals to determine which colour light the eyes are receiving. Some people’s receptors are more developed than others. People with weaker receptors usually have colour blindness. The inability of the receptor to interpret the light waves correctly means that some people cannot tell different shades of a colour.

In the past, most scientists would argue that everyone saw colours in the same way. However, research was conducted on monkeys, in which they were injected with a virus affecting their receptors. This enabled them to understand more colours than usual and brought an interesting discovery. Normally monkeys can only see blue and green, but the virus allowed monkeys to see red. The neurons (神经元) in their brains adapted to be able to understand new colours, which might mean the neurons in our brains are not instinctive (本能的) to automatically understand which colour is which. This implies that our brains and neurons may adapt depending on our stimulus (刺激) during the developmental phase. Colour could be a very personal experience, unique to everyone.

So, the next time you talk about your favourite colour, just remember if yours is blue and your friend says red, you might actually be thinking about the same colour. What if everyone in the world has the same favourite colour, but just calls it different names?

1. What does the underlined word “perceive” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Explain.

B．See.

C．Analyze.

D．Track.

2. Why do some people have colour blindness?

A．They can see many shades of some colours.

B．Their receptors fail to send signals to their brains.

C．There are not enough light waves hitting their receptors.

D．The receptors in their eyes are not well developed.

3. What can we learn from the experiment on monkeys?

A．Monkeys can only only see two colours-green and blue.

B．The neurons in monkeys’ brain can instinctively distinguish colours.

C．Brains and neurons can be stimulated to recognize new colors.

D．The neurons in human brain work differently from monkey’s.

3 . Things Could Happen If You Keep Rubbing Your Eyes

Rubbing eyes can often result in significant damage, from causing eye disease to making existing conditions worse and increasing your risk of infection. Here are things that can happen if you keep rubbing your eyes.

    1    

People who are nearsighted may find that rubbing eyes results in worse eyesight. Nearly 9.6 million people are what is known as highly nearsighted and their eyes degraded over time, according to research from the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

•You'll give yourself an infection

    2    they can still pick up thousands of germs every day. Touching your eyes with your hands, especially when you never wash your hands can transfer bacteria that can cause eye disease, for example, pink eye, according to the American Optometric Association.    3    , a warm press may help calm it. Don't miss these easy ways to improve your vision.

•You'll make your eyelid go loose

    4    It may also make the eyelid lose flexibility over time. That's a less serious problem, but still not something we want to happen. Is there any safe amount of rubbing your eyes？It is recommended that you apply the same amount of pressure to your eyes that you would if you are drying your face with a towel.

•You'll get bloodshot eyes and dark circles

If you rub your eyes hard enough, you might cause tiny blood vessels in your eyes to break. That could result in bloodshot eyes. The blood will then flow to surrounding tissue.    5    

A．If your eyes get infected

B．No matter how often you wash your hands

C．You'll lose your eyesight and become blind

D．Since not all know the harm of rubbing eyes

E．You'll make your nearsightedness much worse

F．Rubbing eyes can injure more than your eyeballs

G．This might give you those dark circles under your eyes

4 . Many dentists are worried about their patients consuming too many sugar-filled sodas, sweet drinks and non-nutritious snacks. These foods don't have much nutritional value and they can take a toll on teeth.

What affect how quickly youngsters may develop tooth decay(蛀牙)are the eating habits and their food choices.With bacteria coming into contact with sugar in the mouth, acid( 酸)is produced. It will attack the teeth and eventually lead to tooth decay.

Foods containing sugar of any kind can lead to tooth decay. Almost all foods, even milk and vegetables, contain some type of sugar. Some of them, however, are a necessary part of a healthy diet due to their nutritional value. To help control the amount of sugar you consume, you need to read food labels carefully and choose foods and drinks with lower added sugar. Drinks, sweets and biscuits that contain a lot of added sugar shouldn't be on your shopping list.

Maintaining a diet lacking certain nutrients may increase the risk of tissue(4#A )infection in your mouth, which may result in a major cause of tooth loss in adults-the periodontal disease(2 a%P). Although poor nutrition and the periodontal disease are not directly related, many studies show that the disease progresses faster and can be more severe in people with nutrient-poor diets.

To make sure of enough nutrition, we need to maintain a balanced diet. Eating a variety of foods from each of the five major food groups and consuming less snacks will help a lot. If you do snack, choose nutritious foods, such as cheese, raw vegetables, plain yoghurt, or a piece of fruit.

1. What does the underlined expression"take a toll on "in the first paragraph probably mean?

A．To damage

B．To affect

C．To improve

D．To reduce

2. What might contribute to the tooth decay of children and teens?

A．Their health problem.	B．Their parents' tooth health.
C．Eating habits and food choices.	D．Lack of nutrition.

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A．To protect our teeth, we shouldn't eat any food that contains sugar.

B．A balanced diet will benefit us in preventing tooth disease.

C．The acid in the mouth attacks the teeth for less than 20 minutes.

D．Poor nutrition causes the periodontal disease directly.

4. Where does this passage probably come from?

A．A research paper.

B．Cuisine website.

C．A health magazine.

D．A food blog.

5 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does the conversation take place?

A．In the accident site.	B．In a hospital.
C．At the man’s home.

2. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A．The man’s physical condition.

B．The man’s football team.

C．The man’s football career.

3. What can we learn from the conversation?

A．35 people in total got injured in the accident.

B．The man’s arms were broken.

C．The speakers are from the same school.

6 . As doctors performed surgery on Dagmar Turner’s brain, the sound of a violin filled the operating room. The music came from the patient on the operating table. In a video from the surgery, the violinist was moving her bow (琴弓) up and down as surgeons worked to remove her brain tumor (肿瘤). The King’s College hospital surgeons woke her up in the middle of the operation in order to ensure they did not damage parts of the brain necessary for playing the violin and keep her hand’s functions intact.

Turner, 53, learned that she had a slow-growing tumor. Later doctors found that it had become more aggressive and the violinist decided to have surgery to remove it. “We knew how important the violin is to Turner, so it was vital that we preserved function in the delicate areas of her brain that allowed her to play,” Keyoumars Ashkan, a doctor at King’s College Hospital, said in a press release.

Before Turner’s operation, Ashkan and his colleagues spent two hours carefully mapping her brain to identify areas that were active when she played the violin and those controlling language and movement. Waking her up during surgery then allowed doctors to monitor whether those parts were suffering damage.

Brad Mahon, expert at Carnegie Mellon University, said the basic features of an “awake craniotomy” — the type of brain surgery where patients are awake in order to avoid damage to critical brain areas — have remained largely unchanged for decades. But he said that doctors are now able to map the patient’s brain activity in great detail before the surgery, using an imaging technique called functional MRI. That means surgeons are coming into the operating room with far more information about a specific patient’s brain. That kind of information helps doctors tailor tests to a patient’s particular needs.

1. What does the underlined word “intact”mean in the first paragraph?

A．Strong.	B．Sound.
C．Talented.	D．Influential.

2. Why did Ashkan and his colleagues map Turner’s brain before operation?

A．To keep her brain more active when she played the violin.

B．To monitor whether her brain had suffered damage severely.

C．To recognize the areas related to music and movement precisely.

D．To remove the tumor while keeping all function of her brain.

3. What can we know according to Brad Mahon?

A．Doctors are using an imaging technique to monitor the surgery.

B．Patients are asleep to protect critical brain areas in a surgery.

C．A patient’s language ability couldn’t be preserved before.

D．Surgeons can personalize a patient’s operation by mapping his brain.

4. What is the best title for the passage?

A．Musician joined in her own brain surgery

B．Mapping a brain is realized after surgery

C．The violinist suffers from a brain tumor

D．Doctors perform surgery on a brain

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Smell is an important sense.Certain smells can help you look back     1    a memory. Other smells,like smoke from a fire,can warn you of danger.When you can't smell things you enjoy,like your morning coffee or spring     2    (flower),life may seem boring.

As you get older,your sense of smell may fade.Your sense of smell is     3    (close) Connected with your sense of taste.When you can't smell,food may be     4    (taste).You may even lose interest in     5    (eat).

Many problems cause a loss of smell     6    lasts for a short time.This short-time loss of smell may be due to a cold,certain cancer treatments or a harmless growth in the nose.Some things can cause       7    long-lasting loss of smell.A head     8    (injure),for example,can damage the nerves(神经）in association with smell.Sometimes,losing your sense of smell may be a sign of a much     9    (serious)disorder,such as Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease.Be sure     10    (tell)your doctor about any change in your sense of smell.

8 . Brain fitness has basic principles: variety and curiosity.     1     If you can do the crossword puzzle in your sleep, it’s time for you to move on to new challenge in order to get the best workout for your brain. Curiosity about the world around you, how it works and how you can understand it will keep your brain working fast and efficiently. Use the ideas below to help improve your mental fitness.

1. Learn a New Skill

    2     Your memory comes into play, you learn new movements and you associate things differently. Reading Shakespeare, learning to cook and building an airplane out of toothpicks all will challenge your brain and give you something to think about.

2. Tell Good Stories

Stories are a way that we strengthen memories, interpret events and share moments.     3     Some basic storytelling techniques will go a long way in keeping people’s interest both in you and in what you have to say.

3.     4    

Your brain needs you to eat healthy fats. Focus on fish oils from wild salmon, nuts such as walnuts, and seeds. Eat more of these foods and less saturated fats (饱和脂肪).

4. Read Something Different

Books are portable, free from libraries and filled with infinite interesting characters, information and facts. Branch out from familiar reading topics. If you usually read history books, try a contemporary novel. Read foreign authors, the classics and random books.     5    

A．Eat for Your Health

B．Eat for Your Brain

C．Not only will your brain get a workout by reading different time periods, cultures and peoples, you will also have interesting stories to tell about your reading.

D．Practice telling your stories, both new and old, so that they are interesting and fun.

E．When anything you do becomes your second nature, you need to make a change.

F．Learning a new skill works multiple areas of the brain.

G．There are formal courses, websites and books with programs on how to train your brain to work better and faster.

9 . Your Use of Technology May Be Causing You Pain

Have you ever bent your head down to look at a screen until your neck muscles hurt？    1     Tech neck occurs when the use of phones, computers and other technology causes neck pain. It's a common problem, and it's on the rise.

    2    They can also move your head around and even stretch it forward for a short amount of time. But bending your head forward for long periods of time can strain your muscles. That can make them sore.

But it's probably not realistic to expect people to give up their phones to avoid tech neck.    3     You can do things to avoid tech neck even while keeping your smartphone.

First you can hold your phone up so you don't have to bend down to look at it. But this can be tiring for your arms. So keep your head upright, and look only with your eyes. Try to sit up straight as well.

Also, take breaks.    4     If you've been sitting, stand up and walk around. Moving your body will help relax your muscles.

If you continue experiencing tech neck, you can do exercises to strengthen your neck muscles. Tech neck is a common result of using today's technology, but it doesn't have to be.    5    

A．In the past people spent most of their time looking up.

B．And giving up technology altogether isn't necessary.

C．If so, you've experienced tech neck.

D．Once in a while, look up from your screen, and roll your shoulders back.

E．They often hold them at waist or chest level.

F．Your neck muscles are designed to hold your head upright.

G．If you're aware of the problem, you can take measures to avoid it.

10 . Researchers from Pennsylvania University suggest that loud snoring can be caused by having a fat tongue. Scientists have long known that losing weight can help the condition, but now they know why. It explains why losing weight reduces the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停).

Improved symptoms are linked to slimming down the unexpected part of the body - opening the door to better treatments. Professor Richard Schwab, chief of sleep medicine at Pennsylvania University, said: "Most clinicians, and even experts in the sleep apnoea world, have not typically focused on fat in the tongue for treating sleep apnoea."Having a large neck was previously believed to be the culprit(引起问题的事物). Prof Schwab said: "Now we know tongue fat is a risk factor and sleep apnoea improves when tongue fat is reduced, we have established a unique therapeutic target that we've never had before.

In sleep apnoea the airways become blocked - leading to snoring . It blights the lives of four and two percent of middle aged men and women, respectively, in the UK. Long term, sleep apnoea is linked with a number of chronic diseases, including high blood pressure , heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and depression.

Analyzing MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the throat and nose of obese patients, the researchers found reducing tongue fat is the key. They found that a reduction in tongue fat volume was the key factor. Weight loss also resulted in a smaller pterygoid - the jaw muscle that controls chewing. This is irrespective of whether they appear to fall into the typical "high-risk" obese categories, said Prof Schwab.

He added: "Primary care doctors, and perhaps even dentists, should be asking about snoring and sleepiness in all patients, even those who have a normal body mass index, as, based on our data, they may also be at risk for sleep apnoea."

Twenty-two million Americans suffer from sleep apnoea, in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts, causing patients to wake up randomly throughout their sleep cycles. One of the recommended treatments is CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure), which has been free on the NHS since March 2008.

1. What can we learn from Prof Schwab?

A．People with high tongue fat must be at high risk of obesity.

B．Sleep apnea improves when tongue fat is reduced.

C．Patients with a normal body mass index won’t develop sleep apnea.

D．Most clinicians focus on the fat on the tongue to treat sleep apnea.

2. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A．The shape of tongue fat.

B．The harm of tongue fat.

C．The feature of tongue fat.

D．The cause of tongue fat.

3. What does the underlined word “blight” in the third paragraph most probably mean?

A．harm	B．affect
C．benefit	D．cost