1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Gray Hair Can Return to Its Original Color

Few signs of old age are clearer than the sight of gray hair.     1     we grow older, our strands of hair lose their youthful color. Although this may seem like a permanent change, new research reveals that gray hairs     2     miraculously regain color — at least temporarily.

In one 1972 paper, the late doctor Stanley Comaish reported an isolated case of a 38-year-old man, with his three strands     3    (be) light near the ends but dark near the roots. This signaled a reversal in the normal graying process,     4     begins at the root.

A new study from researchers at Columbia University is the first     5    (offer) quantitative evidence linking psychological stress to graying hair in people. Having analyzed individual hairs from 14 volunteers, researchers compared the results with each volunteer’s stress diary, in which individuals’ review of their calendars and each week’s level of stress rated are included.

When hairs were aligned with (与……对照) stress diaries, striking associations between stress and hair graying     6    (reveal) and, in some cases, there was a reversal of graying when stress was removed. There was one individual who went on a long vacation, and five hairs on that person’s head returned back to dark during the vacation.

Although it may seem easy to understand     7     stress can speed up graying, the researchers were surprised to discover that hair color can be restored when stress is eased. We could picture hair as a powerful tool to assess the effects of     8    (early) life events on aging — because hair provides a kind of physical record of past events, much    9     the rings of a tree. It’s pretty clear that the hair encodes part of your biological history in some way. Hair grows out of the body, and then it crystallizes into     10     hard and stable that holds the memory of your past.

2 . 最近一项调查显示，全国大约有四分之三的学生戴眼镜，这一结果令人担优。针对这个问题，你们学校正在开展“保护视力”的宣传活动，作为学生会主席，为了缓解近视问题，学校请你写一份倡议书，内容要点包括：
1. 倡议的原因和目的
2. 倡议的具体内容
3.发出倡议
要求：词数 80-100

How To Protect Our Eyes

Dear fellow students,
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3 . Wisdom teeth removal is common for many people in their late teens and early 20s. But why don’t they come in during childhood with the rest of our permanent teeth?

The answer comes down to child development. There’s not enough room in a child’s jaw for wisdom teeth.     1     So there’s more room for wisdom teeth to emerge.

However, many modern human jaws don’t grow long enough for wisdom teeth to come in. Ancient humans ate diets full of hard nuts, uncooked vegetables, and other tough foods.     2     But nowadays we have shifted to eating softer foods, meaning humans have shorter jaws than ancient humans do.

There is another reason wisdom teeth grow in later.     3     When ancient people would lose their molars (臼齿) from chewing tough food, wisdom teeth — the third set of molars — would take their place. But because most people don’t lose their molars as young children, wisdom teeth wait until adulthood to arrive.     4    

Nowadays, dentists often remove wisdom teeth because their emergence can cause pain in crowded mouths. Or it can cause problems and tooth damage later on.     5     But as a person gets older and their gums (牙龈) become weaker, their wisdom teeth may stick through. In this case, they tend to cause pain and needs removing.

A．Children have small jaws.

B．They’re not needed until then.

C．But as a kid grows, their jaw grows too.

D．Following this diet actually makes the jaw grow longer.

E．Most people have 32 teeth, including four wisdom teeth.

F．In other words, your wisdom teeth are programmed to erupt as a backup.

G．Not all wisdom teeth pop through the gums during the late teens and early 20s.

5 . If you’re a primate (灵长目动物) or a koala, you have something different compared to other animals: fingerprints. Now, a new study explains how our fingerprints help us keep a grip on the surfaces that we come into contact with — and it’s all to do with regulating moisture (水分). Researchers decided to investigate this using advanced laser imaging technology and discovered a finely tuned system controlling how wet or dry our fingertips are. That means our fingers are able to react to the various types of surfaces they’re pushed up against, making the grip as strong as possible with everything from a phone to an umbrella,and preventing “catastrophic slip”where we lose hold of objects.

Close-up (特写镜头) laser imaging of volunteers touching glass showed that when fingertips make contact with hard, impermeable surfaces, extra moisture is released to increase friction and grip. However, the sweat pores are eventually blocked off to avoid contacts that are too slippery.

This sweat-pore-blocking technique is combined with an accelerated evaporation process, controlled by the ridges (隆起) of the fingerprint, that comes into play when excessive moisture needs to be removed-again,with the ultimate aim of keeping a strong contact between finger and object.

Working together, the two biological mechanisms are able to adapt to surfaces whether our fingers are originally wet or dry: They provide the keratin(角质) skin layer with just the right amount of hydration (水合作用). That gives us skills that smooth-handed and smooth-footed animals don’t have.

Besides telling us more about the human body, the research is likely to help product designers who need to design a gadget (小装置) that humans need to interact with, such as a smartphone.

Further down the line, the findings might even benefit the development of grip on prosthetic (假体的) limbs and robotic equipment, as well as devices that are used to explore virtual reality environment (where the sensation of touch might need to be simulated).

1. Why does the author refer to a koala?

A．To explain different species are often in conflict.

B．To indicate people know little about its fingerprints.

C．To introduce the newly discovered function of fingerprints.

D．To highlight its reliance on fingerprints.

2. What does the underlined word “impermeable” in paragraph2 most probably mean?

A．Transparent.

B．Waterproof.

C．Uneven.

D．Invisible.

3. What can we infer from the text?

A．The sweat pores are closed for a while when we hold things.

B．The time when the sweat pores work is controlled by the ridges of the fingerprint.

C．The ridges of the fingerprint are insensitive to excessive moisture.

D．Prosthetic limbs and robotic equipment benefit most from the findings.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．No Fingerprints, No Grip

B．Irreplaceable Benefits of Fingerprints

C．Two Biological Mechanisms Matter for a Grip

D．Fingerprints Give a Better Grip

8 . Only one in three adolescents are practising appropriate hand hygiene(卫生), a new global study involving University of Queensland researchers has found.

Dr Yaqoot Fatima from UQ’s Institute for Social Science Research said there was a renewed emphasis on adequate hand hygiene with COVID-19. “We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey from 92 countries across the six WHO regions to examine the prevalence (普遍)of hand hygiene practices in adolescents worldwide,” Dr Fatima said, “Our results highlight that globally, adolescents practice inadequate hand hygiene. Adolescents who reported unhealthy behaviours such as being more seated, smoking, and experiencing bullying at school were more likely to practise inappropriate hand hygiene than their peers. In comparison, parental support and bonding emerged as a key factor associated with adequate hand hygiene practices in adolescents.”

The researchers examined 354,422 adolescents aged 13–17 years to demonstrate the considerable cross-country variations in hand hygiene practices. Dr Fatima said that although access to soap and water was an issue, around 60 percent of adolescents were not practising appropriate hand hygiene even when they had access to water and soap. While access to handwashing facilities and knowledge of proper hygiene is important for practising adequate hand hygiene, the study showed that the knowledge-behaviour gap is a major reason for insufficient hand hygiene practices.

Bullying prevention at school, systematic combination of health and hygiene education in the school curriculum and peer-led behaviour could be strategies to reduce inappropriate hand hygiene practices in adolescents. The positive role of parental support and bonding suggests that interventions (干预) aiming to improve adolescent hand hygiene should focus on parents and seek their active involvement in designing and delivering those interventions. “With these strategies adopted properly, we are sure to raise public awareness of hand hygiene practices.” Dr Fatima said.

1. What can be inferred from Dr Fatima’s words in paragraph. 2?

A．Adolescents in Queensland practice adequate hand hygiene.

B．Adequate hand hygiene is reemphasized due to COVID-19.

C．Adolescents practicing adequate hand hygiene are more likely to smoke.

D．Parental support plays a limited role in adequate hand hygiene practices.

2. What is the main reason for inadequate hand hygiene practices?

A．Serious bullying problems at school.

B．No access to handwashing equipment.

C．Poor knowledge of appropriate hygiene.

D．The gap between knowledge and behaviour.

3. What is Dr Fatima’s attitude towards the prevalence of hand hygiene practices?

A．Confident.	B．Indifferent.
C．Worried.	D．Ambiguous.

9 . Your dentist has probably been telling you to floss for years.     1     36% of Americans would rather do something unpleasant, like clean the toilet, than put string between their teeth.

That’s why many cheered at a news report that flossing might not be necessary. The Associated Press reviewed 25 studies and concluded that flossing didn’t have proven health benefits. Should you throw away your floss? Not so fast.    2    

One review of 12 studies found that people who brushed and flossed regularly were less likely to have bleeding gums.     3     Gum disease, left untreated, can lead to shrinking gums and tooth loss. It is also linked to heart disease, and many other health conditions. “Your mouth is a mirror for the rest of your body,’ experts say.

    4     Some think more bacteria left in your mouth end up in your bloodstream, where they may contribute to inflammation in other areas, like your heart. What experts do know is that people who don’t have gum disease are less likely to have health problems like heart disease.

In fact, many dentists say the reason they recommend flossing isn’t because of research.     5     “In my practice, it’s clear that people who floss daily have healthier gums and keep their teeth longer,” a dentist says. It takes less than a minute, and there’s literally no downside to doing it. But if you skip it, sooner or later you—and your dentist—will notice a difference.

A．Many dental experts aren’t on board.

B．There are also many benefits in flossing.

C．They had lower levels of gum disease, too.

D．If you’ve refused to do so, you’re not alone.

E．Instead, it’s because of what they see in their patients.

F．It takes seven or more years to train a professional dentist.

G．The connection between gum disease and health isn’t entirely clear.