1 . We all need Vitamin (维生素) D because it helps to build and keep strong bones. A lack of it can lead to some bone diseases. As studies show, sunlight is great for making Vitamin D. When you’re outdoors, your body will create the Vitamin D you need from direct sunlight on your skin.
In order to get enough Vitamin D, you should get 10-30 minutes of sunlight at a time, several times a week. However, people with darker skin may need a little more time than this. Besides, your exposure (暴露) time in the sunlight should depend on how sensitive (敏感) your skin is to sunlight. Too much sunlight can be dangerous, for it may cause some bad results, including sunburn, eye damage, and skin problems. If you have to stay in the sunlight for a long time, you should be careful not to let sunlight hurt your skin, so take care to protect your skin with sunscreen before it starts to turn red.
In a word, your ability to make Vitamin D from sunlight depends on the time of day, your skin color, where you live and so on. Keep those in mind when you go out for Vitamin D from sunlight.
1. Why do people need Vitamin D according to Paragraph 1?| A．To keep their hair healthy. | B．To make their teeth white. |
| C．To make their faces pretty. | D．To keep their bones strong. |
| A．doing some exercise | B．losing much weight |
| C．staying in the sunlight | D．walking in the moonlight |
| A．防晒霜 | B．防水服 | C．防尘罩 | D．防腐剂 |
| A．A story book. | B．A telephone book. |
| C．A health magazine. | D．A music magazine. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词.
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
A recent study shows that many high-school student do not have breakfast. As a result, they are not health and do badly in study.
When asking the reasons for not having breakfast, some students say they think it unnecessary have the least important meal of the day. Others say we want to have a few extra minutes in bed. In addition, a few girls say they want to lose the weight.
Actually, breakfast can provide the most important energy which is needed every day. So it’s suggested that every student has breakfast properly every day. What’s more, have breakfast can help you study more efficient.
3 . There is no such thing as a “safe" level of drinking, with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health, according to a new study.
In an observational study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25,000 people in the UK, and their brain scans. The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter-regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed," according to lead author Anya Topiwala, a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.
“The more people drank, the less the volume of their gray matter,“ Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia(痴呆症).Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing,“ she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this(0. 8%), it was a greater contribution than other "modifiable" risk factors," she said, explaining that modifiable risk factors are “ ones you can do something about, in contrast to aging.”
The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns, beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health. They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking-meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it. They also found no evidence that the type of drink— such as wine, spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain. However, certain characteristics, such as high blood pressure, obesity or binge-drinking, could put people at higher risk, researchers added.
The risks of alcohol have long been known： Previous studies have found that there's no amount of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for your overall health. Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016, accounting for nearly one in 10 deaths, according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018.
“It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health," Sadie Boniface, head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies, said via email. "We also shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks. ”
1. What is the function of gray matter?| A．Control the mount of alcohol | B．Process information |
| C．Scan the brain | D．Predict the performance on memory |
| A．Drinking alcohol is worse than not drinking. |
| B．With people getting older, brain volume reduces. |
| C．Alcohol was the major risk factor for disease and premature death. |
| D．The less people drink alcohol, the more the volume of their gray matter. |
| A．Smoking | B．Aging | C．Death | D．Disease |
| A．The mount of alcohol is not related to people's health. |
| B．People drinking alcohol do harm to their brain health. |
| C．People drinking alcohol lead to dementia. |
| D．Theresa great deal of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for health. |
4 . Taking an afternoon nap could keep your brain sharp, a new study has said. Adults ages 60 and older who took afternoon naps showed signs of better mental ability compared to those who didn’t nap, according to a study published in General Psychiatry earlier this week.
Researchers analyzed napping habits in 2, 214 older Chinese people and measured their cognitive abilities using several cognitive tests. Participants took the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, both of which test for memory, language and other cognitive abilities. In every category listed in the study, nappers tested statistically higher on average compared to their non-napping counterparts.
Researchers did not gather data from people under 60, so a correlation cannot be drawn between napping and younger generations. The study also noted that there are conflicting studies about the benefits and risks of napping.
Sleeping behaviors can be affected by a multitude of factors, said Dr. David Neubauer, associate professor at Johns Hopkins University. “Daily routines, medication use and sleep disorders can all play a role in how frequently someone takes a nap.” he said.
Neubauer recommended taking a shorter “power nap” of up to 20 minutes to decrease the chances of transitioning into slow-wave sleep, which makes people feel groggy when they wake up. “Napping can be a healthy part of an older adult’s day”, Neubauer acknowledged, but make sure “sleepiness isn’t due to a treatable nighttime sleep disorder.” Older individuals who want to do all they can to preserve their cognitive functioning should put nighttime sleep first.
1. What is the best way to keep a better cognitive ability for the old?| A．Take a nap every day. |
| B．Take sleep disorder seriously. |
| C．Have a good sleep at night. |
| D．Do exercise regularly. |
| A．By taking the examinations and assessment. |
| B．By analyzing napping habits and giving tests. |
| C．By measuring nappers’ ability and analyzing them. |
| D．By doing an experiment. |
| A．Taking a nap. |
| B．Medicine treatment |
| C．Sleep problems |
| D．Everyday activities. |
| A．It appears in short nap up to 20 minutes. |
| B．People should avoid it in their naps. |
| C．It is a healthy part of an elder’s day. |
| D．It was recommended by Neubauer. |
5 . It's easier to lose extra pounds if you know a few tricks.
Step 1 Get the blue.
Change the light bulb in your refrigerator to a blue one. It will make everything in the fridge look unappetizing,
Step 2
Eat an apple, a small, low-cal salad, or a cup of soup before lunch and dinner, especially if you're having a fattening dishes. Studies show you'll consume fewer total calories because you'll be less hungry for the main meal.
Step 3 Limit your choices.
Limit the number of different tastes at each meal. Research has shown that if we are experiencing just one taste, like a casserole,
Step 4 Cut down on sugar.
Cut down on added sugar — sugar that doesn't occur naturally in food. The average American consumes 30 teaspoons---450 calories of added sugar per day；
| A．we'll stop eating when we're full. |
| B．when we open the refrigerator and find something to eat. |
| C．Spoil your dinner. |
| D．think about that before you pour sugar into drinks and onto foods. |
| E．Enjoy a healthy diet. |
| F．because we unconsciously associate blue with moldy （发霉的） food. |
| G．Here are some steps you need to take to realize your goal. |
6 . As we all know, health is more important than wealth. Almost all the people value health most.
Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of character. Be sure to allow yourself seven to nine hours of sleep each night.
Finally, get plenty of exercise.
If you follow the tips above, you will probably live to be much older and wiser.
| A．Proper nutrition is important for good health. |
| B．The body needs proper care in order to be healthy. |
| C．Eating a balanced diet helps to make your mind active. |
| D．It is beneficial to your health to take exercise every day. |
| E．Then your body will feel strong and your mind will be sharp. |
| F．Most sports are very good for keeping the body in good shape. |
| G．It makes the body strong and prevents you from putting on weight. |
7 . When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes, which should come first — changing your diet or becoming more physically active?
Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals.
So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were age 45 or older into four groups. One group was instructed about making diet and fitness changes at the same time, the second group was taught about diet changes first, then fitness changes four months later, the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later, and the final, control group was not instructed about either diet or fitness changes but about how to manage their stress.
The researchers tracked the groups for a full year. Compared to the control group, the three intervention (干预) groups made healthy changes in their diet. Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months. However, at the end of the year, the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels, while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year. The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.
The findings show, however, that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives. If folks change diet and exercise orderly, the scientists say, they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behavior changes and feel less pressured to address the second set.
1. The advice mentioned in the second paragraph seemed .| A．popular | B．dangerous | C．scientific | D．unsatisfactory |
| A．The first group. | B．The second group. |
| C．The third group. | D．The control group. |
| A．they might be very lazy |
| B．they wouldn’t like to change their behavior |
| C．it is much harder to change physical activity |
| D．they might put on weight before changing their physical activity |
| A．Pairing diet and exercise changes. |
| B．Becoming more physically active first. |
| C．Changing diet and exercise following a fixed order. |
| D．Changing diet first and placing more importance on it. |
8 . Ali is from a Middle Eastern country. He now stays in the USA. He smokes a lot of cigarettes everyday. He has smoked for nine years. Ali says, “I tried to quit smoking in my hometown, but it was impossible. My parents smoke. My brothers smoke. All my friends smoke. At parties and at meetings, almost all the men smoke. Here in the United States, not as many people smoke.
Many smokers are like Ali: they want to stop smoking.
| A．It is very hard to quit smoking. |
| B．It will be easier to change the smoking habit here. |
| C．Thus nicotine makes smokers addicted to cigarettes. |
| D．The smokers know that smoking is bad for their health. |
| E．When a person first begins to smoke, he usually feels terrible. |
| F．Maybe there is only one easy way to quit smoking: never start. |
| G．But it is said that medicine is needed to stop them from smoking. |
