1 . Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock
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• Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.
• Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating (弥补) on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found.
• Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record.
| A．Get a sleep specialist. |
| B．Find the right motivation. |
| C．A better plan for sleep can help. |
| D．And consider setting a second alarm. |
| E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up. |
| F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day. |
| G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee. |
The National Institutes of Health defines the disorder as “a medical condition characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite harmful social, occupational or health consequences.” Yet despite how popular it is, most people who have the disorder do not receive treatment for it, even when they reveal their drinking problem to their primary care doctor or another health care professional.
Alcohol abuse can be driven by a complex variety of factors, including stress, depression and anxiety, as well as a person’s genetics, family history and socioeconomic circumstances. Many people kick their heavy drinking habit on their own or through self-help programs like Alcoholics Anonymous or SMART Recovery. But relapse (复发) rates are very high. Research suggests that among all the people with alcohol use disorder who try to quit drinking every year, just 25 percent are able to successfully reduce their alcohol intake long-term.
Alcohol is one of the most common forms of substance (物质) abuse and a leading cause of preventable deaths and disease, killing almost 100,000 Americans annually and contributing to millions of cancers, car accidents, heart attacks and other ailments. It is also a significant cause of workplace accidents and lost work productivity, as well as a driver of tense family and personal relationships. Yet for a variety of reasons, people who need treatment rarely get it from their physicians.
Studies suggest that a major barrier to people seeking treatment is that they believe that quitting drinking is their only option. That view is driven by the popularity and long history of 12-step programs like A. A. that consider quitting drinking as the only solution to alcoholism. For some people with severe drinking problems, that may be necessary. But studies show that people who have milder forms of alcohol use disorder can improve their mental health and quality of life, as well as their blood pressure, liver health and other aspects of their physical health, by lowering their alcohol intake without quitting alcohol entirely. Yet the idea that the only option is to quit suddenly can prevent people from seeking treatment.
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1. Where are the speakers?
| A．In the skating field. |
| B．In the doctor’s office. |
| C．In the drugstore. |
| A．He went skating. | B．He had some tests. | C．He went climbing. |
| A．He fell down while skating. |
| B．He hurt himself while climbing. |
| C．He had too many difficult activities. |
| A．He is a sports lover. |
| B．He is taking annual leave. |
| C．He needs to earn some extra money. |
| 过去 | ① 幼年时期，身体虚弱，经常感冒； ② 不能够正常上学 |
| 转折点 | 读到一篇关于早晨慢跑的文章 |
| 现在 | ① 养成早起和慢跑的习惯； ② 感到精神焕发，精力充沛 ③ 身体逐步恢复；日常生活从中受益 |
(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
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Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest?
A recent survey has found that many people suffer
So, if you have a sleep problem, it might be time
1. Who is the speech targeted for?
| A．American private doctors. | B．American college students. | C．Overseas students. |
| A．Public clinics. | B．Private clinics. | C．Private doctors. |
| A．Travel with their family. |
| B．Take their personal health records. |
| C．Have a yearly medical examination. |
7 . No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed(认为是…所说) to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies(体现) much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue. The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better-or-worse-part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either, but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing? All religions have certain days when people refrain(克制) from eating and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation(救星) and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being. Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat — or even only somewhat overweight — is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.
Our obsession(痴迷) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem-too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem.
The real concern, then, is not what we weight too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. Thinness can be pure vain glory.
1. In the eyes of the author, an odd phenomenon nowadays is that __________.| A．the Duchess of Windsor is regarded as a woman of virtue |
| B．looking slim is a symbol of having a large fortune |
| C．being thin is viewed as a much-desired quality |
| D．religious people are not necessarily honest and moral |
| A．had to go on a diet for the greater part of her life | B．had to seek help from rich distant relatives |
| C．had to strengthen her own moral pursuit | D．had to wear highly fashionable clothes |
| A．hateful | B．unrelated | C．beneficial | D．harmful |
| A．from an economic and educational perspective | B．from sociological and medical points of view |
| C．in a historical and religious way of thinking | D．in the light of moral principles |
8 . Every morning, my alarm goes off. I wake from my sleep and hit the snooze button. Then I crawl back under the duvet to grab a few more minutes of shut-eye. “Tonight I’ll go to bed early,” I tell myself. But, evening comes and I get a second wind, completely forgetting about my early night.
Why am I finding it so difficult to get a good night’s sleep? And is it a problem?
The amount we sleep has declined over the years and insomnia(失眠）is on the rise. Modern technology is often blamed. The light from our smartphone affects levels of melatonin（褪黑素）—the sleep-inducing hormones—keeping us wide awake into the early hours.
Lack of sleep can badly affect our health and memory. We need deep sleep to move our memories from short-term storage into long-term storage. If we don’t get enough sleep, we could lose these memories. This is especially disastrous for people studying for exams.
So, how can we learn to sleep better? For Professor Till Roenneberg, it’s important that people recognize they have an internal body clock. This determines whether you are a night owl, an early bird or somewhere in the middle. We don’t have any choice. “It’s like feet,” he said. “Some people are born with big feet and some with small feet, but most people are somewhere in the middle.” Our work schedules are out of sync（同步）with our natural sleep patterns. He says this leads to “social jetlag” where people feel like they are constantly in the wrong time zone.
Paul Kelley—a sleep expert from the University of Oxford—says that most people are getting up too early. He believes work and school should start a few hours later. Many companies are starting to realize more sleep can mean a more productive workforce and are changing work schedules. While in South Korea, office workers are heading to relaxation parlors at lunchtime to take power naps in hammocks（吊床）or massage chairs. This is much healthier than catching forty winks while sitting on the toilet or dropping off at their desks.
So, if like me you find yourself hitting your snooze button every morning—don’t feel bad. It’s just our body clocks!
1. What can we learn about the author from the passage?| A．He’s a real night owl. |
| B．He has suffered from insomnia. |
| C．He is always forgetting things. |
| D．He hates his alarm very much. |
| A．is particular about night sleep |
| B．Specially plays with owls at night |
| C．is fond of catching an owl at night |
| D．regularly stays up late, or prefers to work at night |
| A．They are offered extra money. |
| B．They are often praised in public. |
| C．They have flexible working hours. |
| D．They have short power naps to restore energy and alertness. |
9 . Eat right, exercise, avoid stress...These instructions are often considered to be the necessary ingredients (要素) for a long and healthy life. While these day-to-day habits and behaviors matter, a person’s attitude to life—including, and maybe especially, the way he or she reacts to hardship—is arguably the more important side of the longevity (长寿) coin.
Faced with difficult times, a lot of people start drinking, smoking, abandoning exercise, cutting ties with friends, or making other unhealthy choices. These new habits can be hard to kick once the difficult Period has passed： However, certain qualities seem to safeguard some people from such risks. Experts say one quality consistently tops the list, that is, the being high on conscientiousness. Conscientiousness refers to someone who is organized，careful, and persistent (坚持的) in their goals. Conscientious people are planful and responsible. When they take on a task, they don't give up easily.
This may come as a surprise to those who assume carefree, take-it-easy types are most likely to avoid life's many injuries and injustices. “We actually found the most cheerful and optimistic people lived shorter lives,” Martin, an expert, says. “Being worried or anxious all the time is a problem, but a little worrying—when you’re thinking ahead~can help you to be better prepared.” Conscientious worriers tend to put their anxiety to good use: They make choices or changes in response to their concerns. Their worrying is productive, not pointless.
While conscientious people are not totally free of risks, they’re clear about the risks they’re going to take. These are folks who tend to wear their seat belts, stay away from heavy drinking or drugs, and avoid other sources of unreasonable risk. Conscientious people also tend to adopt and stick with healthy habits, and their awareness and diligence tend to lead them into healthy relationships and jobs. All of these tendencies promote a long and healthy life.
1. Which of the following can be an example of “being high on conscientiousness”？| A．Tom has set a lot of goals and is afraid of failure. |
| B．Jenny .is always anxious and sleepless when in trouble. |
| C．Jane always adopts a take-it-easy attitude to difficulties. |
| D．John often plans well to avoid possible trouble before a trip. |
| A．help avoid injustices |
| B．lead to a big problem in life |
| C．contribute to better preparations |
| D．develop into a feeling of anxiety |
| A．Hardship is helpful in shaping peopled qualities. |
| B．Conscientiousness has a great impact on longevity. |
| C．Habits and behaviors are more important than attitudes. |
| D．Staying away from risks can promote a long and healthy life. |
When people are faced with health or nutrition questions, it is
