2 . Winter is often quite cold, which often makes us stay indoors more instead of heading out to exercise. Worse still, there are many viruses(病毒) doing their best to make you sick. And sneezing, coughing and nose blowing make the rooms a habitat for viruses.     1    Touching a doorknob or shaking a hand may make you get sick. Although it may sound terrible, there are still some things you can do to avoid viruses. Here are several simple tips to stay healthy in winters.

Wash your hands. You pick up viruses everywhere and they live on your hands, so wash your hands and do it often.     2    . But if that’s not available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (消毒杀菌剂).

    3    :Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands. That’s one way viruses can get into your body.

Get the flu shot(疫苗).     4    , but getting the flu shot lowers your chances of getting the flu. For example, getting the flu shot last year resulted in a 34% lower risk of coming down with the flu.

Avoid sick people.     5     Viruses spread very easily through the air, so keep at least six feet between you and the sneezing, sniffling and coughing person.

A．It is easy for viruses to spread from person to person

B．Take care of your face

C．It’s not absolutely safe

D．Keep your hands away from your face

E．If someone around you is sick, then keep your distance

F．The best way is to use regular soap and water

G．Because there are always some unexpected things in life

3 . Doctors say you had better use it before you lose it. The more you sit each day, the more chance you have of getting sick.

Richard Rosenkranz of Kansas State University was among the researchers. He said people who sat for long periods were at great risk of diseases when compared with those who sat less. He said that was especially true for some chronic (慢性的) diseases.

Richard Rosenkranz studied the relationship between sitting and chronic diseases in middle-aged Australian men. He worked with researchers from the University of Western Sydney. They examined the health records of more than 63,000 men from New South Wales. The men were between the ages of 45 and 65. The men reported about what diseases they had, or did not have. And they kept record of the amount of time each day that they sat.

The study also showed that exercising every morning for 30 minutes did not reduce the health risk if you spend the next eight hours sitting at the desk. Mr. Rosenkranz said it was important to make sure you exercise. But he said it was also important to find ways not to sit so much during the day.

Many jobs today require sitting and working at the desk all day. James Levine works at the Mayo Clinic in the United Sates. He suggests working while standing at high table some of the time instead of sitting at a desk. Dr. Levine also suggests standing while using the telephone or eating. Or he advises walking with the people you work with for an on-foot meeting. And he notes that if you spend more time on your feet,you may have muscle activity that helps burn fats and sugars in your body.

1. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph imply?

A．Doctors should treat all the patients well.

B．Doctors should make use of every method.

C．One should value his health before he loses it.

D．One should depend on himself to keep healthy.

2. How did Richard Rosenkranz make the study?

A．By examining some records and reports.

B．By making some laboratory experiments.

C．By talking with the doctors and patients.

D．By watching the men’s daily performance.

3. According to Dr. Levine, in order to avoid the harm of long-time sitting,what should people do?

A．Exercise more often.	B．Change their jobs.
C．Stay away from the desk.	D．Stand or walk more.

4. Where does this text probably come from?

A．A fashion magazine.	B．A health magazine.
C．A biology textbook.	D．A life guide.

5 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What makes the woman think she is getting old?

A．Her age.

B．Her physical condition.

C．Her state of mind.

2. How do people in the man’s company keep fit?

A．By reducing workload.

B．By keeping a garden at home.

C．By working out in their offices.

3. What’s the woman’s attitude towards the man’s words?

A．Interested.

B．Disapproving.

C．Skeptical.

7 . 假定你是李华，你代表班级参加学校组织的主题为“ How to Keep Healthy”的英语作文比赛。请你写一篇文章参赛，内容包括：
1. 饮食方面：多吃蔬菜和水果，少吃肉类；
2. 情绪方面：保持积极的心情，良好的情绪；
3. 锻炼方面：经常运动(跑步、散步等)。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加，以使行文连贯。

How to Keep Healthy

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . Few things are more satisfying than sleeping late on weekends. But though the extra sleep may improve your mood, it does not appear to improve your health. A new study shows that so-called “recovery sleep” cannot reset the body clock and may actually lead to some serious health problems.

Christopher Depner, an assistant professor at the Department of Integrative Physiology of the University of Colorado Boulder, said, “Sleep loss can influence a range of physiological systems. It can increase our risk of high blood pressure and heart disease, it can cause weight gain, and it can increase our risk of diabetes (糖尿病).”

In the study, Depner and his colleagues divided the volunteers into three groups. One group was allowed to get a full night’s sleep. The next was kept to just five hours each night. And the third group went back and forth, limited to five hours of shut-eye during the workweek, allowed as much sleep as they wanted over the weekend, and then back to five hours for the last couple of days.

“We found that a loss of sleep leads to a sharp increase in snacking. But even more surprising, sleeping on the weekend doesn’t help—and even makes thing worse” said Depener. “After the weekend, when they went back to getting inadequate sleep during the work or school week, their liver and muscle insulin (胰岛素) sensitivity or blood sugar regulation was reduced. And this is not something we found in people who had long-term inadequacy sleep schedules. So it’s possible that this is a worsening of the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar for these specific tissues after the weekend.”

So make a date with a pillow. And trade the sweets for sweet dreams.

1. What effect does sleep loss have on people?

A．It results in changes in their moods.

B．It does harm to the body clock.

C．It damages the liver severely.

D．It makes people become heavier.

2. What do we know about the volunteers in the second group?

A．They were allowed to have the least sleep in a week.

B．They could have as much sleep as possible on weekends.

C．Their liver and muscle insulin sensitivity was reduced.

D．Their ability to regulate blood sugar was found worsened.

3. What does the author advise readers to do according to the text?

A．To sleep extra hours on weekends.

B．To balance their work and sleep.

C．To trade some sweets as possible.

D．To get enough sleep on weekdays.

4. From which part of a website is the text probably taken?

A．Culture.

B．Health.

C．Sci-tech.

D．Fashion.

9 . Astronauts traveling in space meet forms of radiation(辐射)that are uncommon on Earth. Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health. It is linked to cancers and heart problems. Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts' lives.

Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States. They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health, richer than most Americans and receive good health care-professional athletes. The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age. In fact, both groups generally live longer than other Americans.

Astronauts are usually well-educated, earn more money and are in better physical conditions than the average Americans Some earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death, the researchers noted. The findings were reported in the medical journal Occupational&Environmental Medicine.

Much of the existing research on mortality rates(死亡率) in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job. There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the "healthy worker effect". This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work, said Robert Reynolds.

Reynolds said, "The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be had they been otherwise comparably employed but had never gone to space at all. To do this, we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors."

1. How did researchers carry out their study?

A．By doing interviews.	B．By analyzing some factors.
C．By comparing different data.	D．By doing experiments in the lab.

2. What can we team from the text?

A．All radiation is harmful to human health.

B．Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.

C．Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.

D．Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.

3. What can be inferred from Reynolds' words?

A．They are determined to face the challenge.

B．The research is almost impossible to conduct.

C．Several important factors hold back the research.

D．Astronauts are healthier than they haven’t been astronauts.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Astronauts--Healthy or Otherwise

B．Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes

C．Radiation Affects Astronauts' Health

D．Astronauts--- Well-Educated and Well-Paid

10 . 语法填空

Diet and way of life are often a problem for teenagers. However, if you eat the right food and exercise     1     (regular), you can feel better, look better and have more energy. So healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the first step     2     (become) fit.

As a teenager, it is important to give your body the energy     3     needs. For a healthy diet, you should eat mostly rice, bread, vegetables, and fruit. The most important thing to remember when you choose food is to protect yourself     4     some tricks. A number of people out there who want to make quick money are always fooling you into     5     (believe) what they say so that their products can sell well. Don’t     6     (trick) by them. What you need is just to trust a diet that is right for your body.

Exercise is also something on     7     you can depend to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. It is obvious that exercise is     8     (benefit) to you. When you exercise , you build up the     9     (strong) of your muscles and your body produces some chemicals that make you feel peaceful and relaxed.

Follow the suggestions above,     10     you will look much better in no time at all.