1 . Costa Rica’s jungles might seem an unlikely spot for a group of medics (医学工作者) to gather together. But struggling through this dense stretch of Central American wilderness, that’s exactly who you might encounter.
Trading medical instruments and lab-made medicines for rafts and snake venom, these medics come together under the guidance of World Extreme Medicine (WEM), an organisation training medical staff like nurses and doctors to work in the world’s most unstable and remote conditions.
Extreme medicine is a subdiscipline (分支) of medicine in which healthcare providers respond to crises in war zones, assist those left behind after humanity’s most horrific disasters, and conduct medicine not just on land, but also deep beneath the sea and even in outer space. While all medics need to think on their feet, Mark Hannaford, the founder of WEM, explains that for extreme medics, that need is heightened. Medics might treat a patient in the burning heat of a desert, on an ice-cold tundra(苔原), or stabilize a person at altitude or in the dark. Despite this, he says, “you don’t need to run a marathon with a backpack on every day to be an extreme medic. Physical fitness is not the challenge. The challenge is adequately preparing yourself for the environment you are going into.”
“You really have to take good self-care in these environments,” adds pre-hospital lead and extreme medicine trainer, Eoin Walker. In places like Costa Rica, he teaches medics skills in security, diet and wound closure etc.. But medics also learn to care for their own physical and mental health. “In the UK, we don’t have to remember to drink every hour, or clean and dry our feet, or look at our calorie content — but you do in that environment,” he says.
“People who live where disaster hits still have issues like diabetes, babies are still being born, people need medical treatment,” says Mark. And with more disasters set to strike, their needs will only increase. “Training extreme medics is becoming more important as we face environmental challenges like climate change,” he adds.
1. Costa Rica’s jungles in this text are where ______.| A．extreme medical service is offered | B．extreme medics create new medicine |
| C．the head office of WEM is located | D．extreme medics do business with locals |
| A．Being physically healthy. | B．Providing healthcare in crisis. |
| C．Responding wisely and quickly. | D．Analyzing working environment. |
| A．It’s never too late to learn. | B．Self-care cannot be stressed enough. |
| C．Prevention is better than cure. | D．Healthy environment matters a lot. |
| A．To call on people to be extreme medics. |
| B．To introduce a new rising branch of medicine. |
| C．To recommend a medical training organization. |
| D．To show the growing demand of medics in remote areas. |
2 . Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldn’t become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor.
“But a girl can’t become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly.
“Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.
From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday.
Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen to the second highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section (剖宫产) in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his death in 1865.
1. Who played the most important role in Margaret’s becoming a doctor?| A．General Miranda. | B．Her uncle James Barry. |
| C．A soldier in the British Army. | D．A professor from Edinburgh University. |
| A．Change one’s clothes. | B．Dress like a doctor. |
| C．Change one’s appearance. | D．Dress like a gentleman. |
| A．Becoming the highest officer in the British Army. |
| B．Graduating from the most famous medical university. |
| C．Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers. |
| D．Doing the world’s first recorded caesarean section successfully. |
| A．James Barry left much money. | B．Dr. James Barry was a woman. |
| C．Margaret died in her twenties. | D．General Miranda helped Margaret a lot. |
1.人物的基本信息；
2.人物的基本事迹；
3.人物对你的影响。
A Great Figure
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