1 . When Jenny Streete began caring for older people more than 50 years ago, prejudice was part of her everyday working life. Streete, who grew up in Jamaica and came to England in 1967, had a way of dealing with it: “Just put a smile on your face,” she says. “If you let bad words into your brain, it will only cause you more harm.”
The 81-year-old remembers one instance of abuse.
Streete says: “The sister who was managing the ward (病房) tried to calm a woman down. But I told the sister to let her say what she has to say. I don’t mind.”
The next night, Streete noticed the woman’s blanket had fallen off. She replaced it, telling the patient in a low voice exactly what she was doing and why. The same thing happened the next night, and the next. “But then, the night that I was off duty, that same woman asked the sister: ‘Where is that black lady? I don’t want anyone else to look after me while she is on duty. She was so kind.’”
Brought up by her grandparents, Streete found her vocation after a mystery illness that nearly killed her, and left her with permanently damaged vision. She got better, she says, because of “loving care and tenderness”. When she came to England, she was determined to give that care to others.
And Streete hopes to carry on caring for older people as long as possible — although, she says, her children are urging her to retire. She currently works two nights a week in an end-of-life ward which provides specialist nursing. Many of the people she looks after are now a similar age to her.
Her preference for night shifts hasn’t changed, either. She frequently stays on after her shift is finished, to spend time with residents.
She urges those considering a career in care to think hard about why they’re choosing it. “Sometimes, people are not happy because they don’t want to do the job — they have to do it, because there is no other way. Wanting to do it is very different from having to do it.”
But the key quality a care worker needs, she says, is patience, “Some people like to do everything quick-quick-quick, but you have to take your time with residents. I just try to treat everybody the way I would like to be treated.”
1. What do we know about Jenny Streete?| A．She never accepts others’ words. |
| B．She minded so much when abused. |
| C．She fell ill when she left Jamaica. |
| D．She has her own opinions about nursing. |
| A．Her love for England. | B．The tender care she got. |
| C．Older people’s prejudice. | D．Her grandparents’ encouragement. |
| A．Serious and wise. | B．Positive but stubborn. |
| C．Responsible and patient. | D．Honest but indifferent. |
| A．Jenny Streete’s care for others in her whole life. |
| B．Jenny Streete’s advice on how to find a good job. |
| C．Jenny Streete’s experiences of fighting disease. |
| D．Jenny streete’s determination to remove prejudice. |
2 . Healing with Happiness
Dr. Hunter “Patch” Adams decided early in his life that he wanted to help make the world better. Many of the patients who have visited his hospital would agree that he has done just that.
Adams was born in Washington, DC., but lived in many parts of the world while growing up. As a child Adams performed well in school. When he grew up. Adams decided to become a doctor. During his medical training he developed his own style of working with patients.
He was friendly and thought of ways to make them laugh, hoping to make them feel better. Some of Adams’s teachers were not pleased with his way of treating patients. These teachers believed that being friends with patients could get in the way of being a good doctor. Adams did not let his teachers’ attitude stop him from trying to make patients laugh. One day he dressed in a clown costume.
After he finished medical school, Adams and 20 of his friends opened their own hospital. They named their hospital the Gesundheit! Institute. Gesundheit means “health” in the German language.
Adams has written books about his style of healing patients. He writes that you don’t have to be a doctor to help someone feel better.
| A．His bright clothes and red nose made patients smile. |
| B．They could watch a play or see a dance performance. |
| C．They were also trained to be funny and kind to patients. |
| D．The most important thing anyone can do is visit people who are sick. |
| E．He made sure there was always a friendly smile under that bright red nose. |
| F．When he talked with sick people, he wanted to understand how they were feeling. |
| G．It is also a funny sounding word, which makes it a perfect name for Adams’s hospital. |
3 . Imagine this: Your tonsils (扁桃体) are so inflamed (发炎) that it’s hard to swallow. Every swallow is painful. The doctor has a solution: an operation. “Will the operation hurt?” you ask. “Not a chance,” the doctor says. That’s because a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist, or CRNA, will be a part of the surgical team. It’s that person’s job to help manage the anesthesia (麻醉) that makes patients much less sensitive to pain during surgery.
Throughout history, there have been countless medical breakthroughs and discoveries. Perhaps none has been more significant than the use of anesthesia to deaden the pain of surgery. Some forms put people into a sleeplike state for a short time during routine medical procedures. General anesthesia causes patients to lose consciousness during major operations, such as hip replacements or open-heart surgery. A regional anesthesia numbs only a part of a patient’s body, although the person might be awake. Local anesthesia numbs a small area, such as around stitches (缝线).
Brett Hayes is a CRNA. “If you want an exciting career with direct, hands-on caring for people and saving lives, you won’t regret picking anesthesia as a career,” he says. “I can see anywhere from one to 15 patients per day, depending on the timing and difficulty of the surgery,” Hayes says. “I might finish the day in the obstetrical department, giving anesthesia to an expectant (怀孕的) mother about to deliver a baby,” he says. “Rarely are two days the same. If you choose the path to becoming a nurse anesthetist, know that it is long and difficult,” Hayes says. “It is, however, worth every minute you’ll put into it.”
Still, being a nurse anesthetist is much more than knowing which drugs to use or how to monitor them. “In order to be truly successful, you have to connect with people,” says Antoinette Padula, Hayes’s wife. Also a CRNA, she teaches at Columbia University, in New York City. “It means giving support and encouragement to patients and their loved ones during some of the most critical, often life-changing moments in their lives.”
1. What does the author want to show by imagining an illness case?| A．The need to cooperate in an operation. |
| B．The terrible worries of patients. |
| C．The patients’ pain in surgical procedures. |
| D．The important role of CRNA in the operation. |
| A．The types of anesthesia. |
| B．The different operations. |
| C．The procedures of doing anesthesia. |
| D．The various situations of patients. |
| A．Exhausting. | B．Rewarding. |
| C．Demanding. | D．Embarrassing. |
| A．Informing patients of their life-changing moments. |
| B．Making patients get support from their loved ones. |
| C．Establishing good connection with patients actively. |
| D．Encouraging patients to be successful in their life. |
4 . Dramatic progress has been witnessed in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) which benefits from those great contributions some ancient famous doctors made ant some experience they accumulated. The following three stand out among the ancient famous doctors.
Hua Tuo
Hua Tuo (145 — 208), famous physician of the late Eastern Han dynasty, also named Fu, was born at Qiao County in Peiguo (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). He led a simple life, away from fame and fortune. He would rather become a traveling physician for ordinary people.
Hua Tuo was an expert in several medical fields, such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics and acupuncture. He was the first person to perform surgery with the aid of anesthesia (by applying Ma Fei San, a herbal anesthetic he invented) some 1,600 years before Europeans did.
Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing (150 — 219), also known as Zhang Ji, was one of the most distinguished Chinese physicians during the later years of the Eastern Han dynasty. He lived in today’s Nanyang in Henan Province. He was known as the “medical sage” by later generations due to his outstanding contributions to TCM.
During his time, with warlords (军阀) fighting for their own territories, many people were infected with fertility, an illness caused by fever. Zhang’s family was no exception. The experience stimulated his motivation in medicine. He learned medicine by studying from his town’s fellow Zhan Bozu, absorbing previous medicinal literature, collecting many prescriptions; and finally writing the medical masterpiece Shanghan Zabing Lun. Unfortunately shortly after its publication the book was lost during wartime.
Li Shizhen
Li Shizhen (1518 — 1593) was a famous medical scientist the Ming dynasty. He loved medicine from an early age and succeeded his ancestors as a doctor. He not only paid attention to accumulating experience in curing diseases, but also visited the famous mountains where medicinal materials were produced.
On this basis, it took 27 years to compile (编著) the pharmaceutical masterpiece, Compendium of Materia Medica, which is known as the “Encyclopedia of Ancient China” and has made an important contribution to the development of classical medicine China.
1. What do the three famous doctors mentioned in the passage have in common?| A．Their books never come out. |
| B．They travelled extensively across China. |
| C．They led the way worldwide in their own experts. |
| D．They contributed themselves to the development of TCM. |
| A．Hua Tuo was desperate for reputation and fortune. |
| B．Li Shizhen came from a family of doctors. |
| C．Li Shizhen survived Zhang Zhongjing by 9 years. |
| D．Zhang Zhongjing’s medical masterpiece vanished before published. |
| A．Healthy lifestyles. | B．Daily entertainment. |
| C．Historical figures. | D．Fitness management. |
5 . A woman whose social media searching for a nurse who cared for her almost 40 years ago went viral this week has found the mystery woman—in only 24 hours.
Amanda Scarpinati has wondered all her life about a nurse who helped her in the Albany Medical Center in 1977. At three months old, Scarpinati caught a cold, so her parents put her on a couch near a hot steam humidifier. She was in the living room by herself and rolled off the couch and landed right on the humidifier. She remained there for a full minute, suffering third degree burns on her face and hands.
Scarpinati spent seven weeks in the hospital and went through many surgeries during her youth as a result. All through elementary school, she was picked on and laughed at because of it. But one person Scarpinati knows treated her with only loving care—a nurse at the burn unit, whose photo Scarpinati had seen for years. “There is a picture of us together in an annual report for Albany Medical Center from that year. I don’t know how our family got hold of it, but I’ve always had the report and I would stare at the picture and wonder who she was, ever since I was a kid. But I’ve never had a name to go with the face,” Scarpinati says.
Scarpinati says she tried to locate the nurse 20 years ago, but with no luck. “I went to Albany Medical Center and they did some research but weren’t really able to find anything,” she says. “I just wanted to thank her.”
Nurse’s work is important to Scarpinati, whose mother is also a nurse. “What they do is truly amazing. Most of the time it’s not the doctors who have the beside manner, it’s the nurses that comfort you. I remember as a kid having one surgery and my mother couldn’t be there but a nurse was,” Scarpinati says.
1. Why did Amanda Scarpinati stay in the Albany Medical Center?| A．Because she caught a bad cold. | B．Because her parents didn’t raise her. |
| C．Because she was burned badly. | D．Because she fixed the humidifier. |
| A．She spent seven weeks in the hospital every year. |
| B．She was made fun of by other students in her school. |
| C．She was well treated by one person with loving care. |
| D．She had no spend most of her time on the Internet. |
| A．The picture on the medical center’s annual report. | B．The telephone number the nurse gave her. |
| C．The living room they once lived together. | D．The name of the nurse who cared for her. |
| A．Scarpinati’s mother is also a nurse. | B．Being a doctor is wonderful. |
| C．Nurses should do much for patients. | D．Nurse’s job is very important. |
6 . We experienced a horrible winter because of the national outbreak of COVID-19. My aunt is a doctor. 2 days before the Chinese New Year’s Eve when hearing the urgent news that she should perform her duty in Wuhan, my family sank into a great panic. How long would this duty last? Could my auntie be safe? More and more confirmed cases and deaths were reported. Hubei Province was locked down. People were restricted to homes. The whole country was under a cloud of terror.
At this time, a group of medical staff, including my aunt, came forward. They sacrificed their Spring Festival holiday and charged on the front line to defeat the disease. Regardless of personal safety, they took their professional mission to head for Hubei Province.
In addition, Zhong Nanshan, Li Lanjuan, Zhang Boli, Chen Wei and other top scientists immediately made up the epidemic expert group, trying to find out pathology and effective prescriptions as soon as possible. Many truck drivers had been devoted to transporting all kinds of goods to support Hubei Province.
Throughout the country, the Party members have played their exemplary role at all posts in routine work of disinfection and sterilization, registration and inspection. Moreover, a lot of volunteers have kept on duty day and night, insist on publicizing the common knowledge of epidemic prevention. In this way, our government could take measures step by step.
In peace times, there are also heroes. They can be medical staff, scientists and all fighters in this fight against CONVID-19. In the face of the epidemic, in spite of their personal concerns and their family’s worries, they can still make their courageous choice.
Last week, my aunt came back home, safe and sound. I gave my aunt a warm hug. It’s also a hug to all heroes in our country. Thank you all! Our heroes! You are making our world more colorful.
1. How do you feel about the writer’s aunt?| A．Courageous and responsible. | B．Responsible and careful. |
| C．Careful and warm-hearted. | D．Warm-hearted and experienced. |
| A．She is a doctor in Wuhan. | B．She loves her family very much. |
| C．She does not work in Wuhan. | D．She gets along well with her workmates. |
| A．Hubei was more serious than other provinces. |
| B．Other provinces did less than Hubei. |
| C．The CCP led the whole country to fight against the epidemic together. |
| D．Volunteers were necessary in Hubei. |
| A．Thankful and respectful. | B．Indifferent and negative. |
| C．Worried and puzzled. | D．Interested and objective. |
7 . In 2014, Time, a leading American magazine chooses the heroic health care workers caring for Ebola (埃博拉) patients in west Africa as their “Person of the Year”.
In February, 2014, the largest Ebola outbreak in world history began in the west African countries of Guinea (几内亚), Liberia and Sierra Leone (塞拉利昂). At the time, there was little to stop the disease from spreading further. Neither the governments nor the World Health Organization (WHO) was ready to fight it.
“But the Doctors Without Borders (无国界医生组织) and many others from all over the world fought side-by-side with local doctors and nurses, ambulance drivers and burial teams,” Time describes in an article.
Ebola has now killed more than 6,000 people (mostly in west Africa), and more than 17,000 people have been infected.
According to the WHO, 622 health care workers have been infected with Ebola through the end of Novembers 346 of them have died. The incidence rate (感染率) of Ebola in Sierra Leone is about 100 times higher for health care workers than it was for other people in the country.
Sierra Leone doctor KombaSongu-M’briwa got infected after treating a patient (who later died). He said that the Ebola field work was “the most difficult, most pitiful work of his life.” Luckily he survived and has decided to return to the field. “I don’t have regrets because I’m enjoying my job.”
Ebola is a contagious (传染性的) and very dangerous disease. It can lead to serious bleeding, organ failure (器官衰竭) and death. The disease kills about 50 percent of those infected.
1. Who is Time’s 2014 “Person of the Year”?| A．The Ebola patients. |
| B．The Ebola fighters. |
| C．The African government. |
| D．The World Health Organization. |
| A．Southeast Asia | B．South America |
| C．West Africa | D．East Africa |
| A．6,000. | B．17 ,000. | C．346. | D．622. |
| A．The Ebola virus is very terrible. |
| B．Heroic Ebola fighters. |
| C．A famous American magazine. |
| D．The largest Ebola outbreak in world history. |
8 . Standing outside my hospital the other day, I was struck by a sight. In fact, it’s a sight we’ve all seen countless times: obese (肥胖的) nurses standing around outside a hospital. It is estimated that one in four nurses is obese, with nearly two-thirds being overweight.
While some have argued that obese nurses may be less productive and take more time off sick, this isn’t my concern at all. I’m just worried about the example they set to others. Yes, of course, nurses and doctors struggle with having a healthy lifestyle like everyone else. But if they can’t stick to the basic principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that they are promoting themselves, then in my opinion they have no business being on the front line. No patient is going to take them seriously unless they can demonstrate that they at least try to practise what they promote.
It’s a serious professional failing, because it sends the disastrous message of “do as I say not as I do”, which is never going to result in someone changing their ways. You wouldn’t take advice about reducing your drinking from an alcoholic, would you? So why should you be expected to listen to an overweight healthcare professional who is telling you to lose a few pounds?
Of course, there are lots of instances when a doctor or nurse’s personal struggles can really help. For example, I used to smoke and I find this actually helps me because I can relate to patients — I know their struggles, I know their concerns and I know the things they say to themselves to avoid quitting. Knowing that I used to smoke helps me come across as more human to my patients — I’ve done silly things but I’ve changed and so can they.
Similarly, a nurse who was previously obese but has now lost weight could be a real motivation for patients. But until they have lost weight and can demonstrate that they practise what they promote, they risk alienating (使疏远) the very patients they are charged with helping.
1. What worries the author concerning obese nurses?| A．They will have difficulty getting along with patients. |
| B．They will be unlikely to take patients seriously. |
| C．They will fail to play their role in health promotion. |
| D．They will be incompetent at their job on the front line. |
| A．Tolerant. | B．Contradictory. | C．Uncaring. | D．Disapproving. |
| A．He understands smokers better. |
| B．He manages to maintain a healthier lifestyle. |
| C．He has become brave in the face of struggles. |
| D．He sets a good example to his workmates. |
| A．He is an alcoholic. | B．He is a doctor. |
| C．He is overweight. | D．He is impatient. |
9 . The University of Miami’s newest hospital has a six-bed emergency room, operating room, a birthing room and outpatient clinics. The only thing missing is patients. Instead, nursing students get a realistic clinical experience using computerised mannequins (fake patients) and staff actors.
“Practising on real people can be a bit frightening environment, and as our patients become more knowledgeable, they tend to hesitate when a student walks in,” said Susana Barroso-Fernandez, who oversees UM’s simulation (模拟) program. “We created this environment to allow students to practise and make mistakes and never put a patient or student at risk.”
This hospital is part of a growing trend of colleges building simulation centres to provide real-life experience for students. The move towards simulation has increased as nursing programs have grown faster than hospitals’ capacity to accommodate these students.
A 2014 study found that colleges could use simulation to replace up to half of all clinical experience without any negative results. The students scored just as well on nursing license exams as those getting most of their experience in hospitals and healthcare centres.
There are major benefits of simulation, officials said. In addition to giving students a safe environment to practise, it also gives students experience with situations that are rare, but still important for them to know how to handle them.
The Simulation Hospital will also be used as a training place for people outside of UM, including hurricane training. “It’s not just about nursing education,” said Susan.
1. Which of the following best proves UM’s simulation program worked well?| A．Students performed as well. |
| B．It offered students all clinical experience. |
| C．Nursing programs have grown faster. |
| D．The hospital will be used as a training place. |
| A．Launching nursing programs. |
| B．Building more healthcare centres. |
| C．Improving hospitals’ capacity. |
| D．Colleges building simulation centres. |
| A．To make the point more persuasive. |
| B．To make the description more vivid. |
| C．To make the program more appealing. |
| D．To make the topic more interesting. |
| A．More Experience, Less Risk |
| B．Safer Environment, More Patients |
| C．More Practice, Fewer Mistakes |
| D．Newest Hospital, Best Accommodation |
10 . Costa Rica’s jungles might seem an unlikely spot for a group of medics (医学工作者) to gather together. But struggling through this dense stretch of Central American wilderness, that’s exactly who you might encounter.
Trading medical instruments and lab-made medicines for rafts and snake venom, these medics come together under the guidance of World Extreme Medicine (WEM), an organisation training medical staff like nurses and doctors to work in the world’s most unstable and remote conditions.
Extreme medicine is a subdiscipline (分支) of medicine in which healthcare providers respond to crises in war zones, assist those left behind after humanity’s most horrific disasters, and conduct medicine not just on land, but also deep beneath the sea and even in outer space. While all medics need to think on their feet, Mark Hannaford, the founder of WEM, explains that for extreme medics, that need is heightened. Medics might treat a patient in the burning heat of a desert, on an ice-cold tundra(苔原), or stabilize a person at altitude or in the dark. Despite this, he says, “you don’t need to run a marathon with a backpack on every day to be an extreme medic. Physical fitness is not the challenge. The challenge is adequately preparing yourself for the environment you are going into.”
“You really have to take good self-care in these environments,” adds pre-hospital lead and extreme medicine trainer, Eoin Walker. In places like Costa Rica, he teaches medics skills in security, diet and wound closure etc.. But medics also learn to care for their own physical and mental health. “In the UK, we don’t have to remember to drink every hour, or clean and dry our feet, or look at our calorie content — but you do in that environment,” he says.
“People who live where disaster hits still have issues like diabetes, babies are still being born, people need medical treatment,” says Mark. And with more disasters set to strike, their needs will only increase. “Training extreme medics is becoming more important as we face environmental challenges like climate change,” he adds.
1. Costa Rica’s jungles in this text are where ______.| A．extreme medical service is offered | B．extreme medics create new medicine |
| C．the head office of WEM is located | D．extreme medics do business with locals |
| A．Being physically healthy. | B．Providing healthcare in crisis. |
| C．Responding wisely and quickly. | D．Analyzing working environment. |
| A．It’s never too late to learn. | B．Self-care cannot be stressed enough. |
| C．Prevention is better than cure. | D．Healthy environment matters a lot. |
| A．To call on people to be extreme medics. |
| B．To introduce a new rising branch of medicine. |
| C．To recommend a medical training organization. |
| D．To show the growing demand of medics in remote areas. |
