5 . Weather reports often mention high or low pressure systems headed toward a city or town. If you’re in the path of one of these systems, expect a change in weather conditions. High and low pressure systems operate using similar principles, but the effects they produce differ significantly.
View a weather map, and you may see distinct regions that represent different air masses. An air mass is a region of air that has about the same humidity(湿度) and temperature throughout. When an air mass remains over a location for a while, it decides the characteristics of the region. Air masses can be cold or warm and they may contain wet or dry air. All air masses have the ability to move away from their source region into other locations.
Meteorologists(气象学家) call the boundary between two air masses a front. A cold front’s motion through a warm front is a low-pressure system. If a cold air mass replaces a warm air mass, you have a cold front. Air in the cold air mass is often drier than air in front of it. As the air masses meet, the wind usually changes direction and rain or thunderstorms often occur.
A warm front is associated with a high-pressure system and occurs when a warm air mass replaces a colder air mass. A high-pressure system often brings clear, calm weather. Warm fronts travel slowly and are weaker than cold fronts.
Cold fronts move faster than warm fronts because a cold front contains denser air. Cold fronts also often travel from west to east while warm fronts move from north to south. As a warm front approaches, temperatures may rise as warmer air flows in from a warm air mass. However, when the cold front hits, temperatures can drop precipitously within a short time.
1. How is the temperature of a region under a certain air mass?
A.Unusual. | B.Stable. | C.Diverse. | D.Changeable. |
2. What happens when two air masses meet?
A.A clear sky appears. | B.A strong wind is formed. |
C.The air becomes wetter. | D.The wind changes directions. |
3. What does the underlined word “precipitously” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Sharply. | B.Slowly. | C.Possibly. | D.Specially. |
4. What is mainly talked about in this text?
A.The formation of air masses. | B.The new findings of meteorologists. |
C.The effects of air mass and fronts on weather. | D.The methods for accurate weather forecasts. |