1 . When we talk more broadly of body language, rather than good postures, we can actually see the effects it has on relationships right throughout the animal kingdom. In particular, body language is used to express power through expansive (扩张的) postures.

You might know about Amy Cuddy’s famous Ted Talk and her incredible insights on how posture changes our thoughts. Cuddy and her team study body language, particularly what they call “high-power” and “low-power” poses.

“High-power” poses refer to the act of taking a posture of confidence, which can help you feel more self-confident, even after only two minutes. Typical high-power poses are about opening up. You stretch and expand your body to take up as much space as possible. For example, bosses are doing high-power poses when they lean back in their chairs, put their hands behind their heads, and kick their feet up onto their desks. Meanwhile, people take low-power positions when they’re feeling helpless or defeated. They close up, arms around themselves, taking up the smallest space.

Some even more recent studies took this even further: A study by researchers from Columbia and Harvard Universities showed that body language symbolizing power can actually affect our decision-making, unintentionally. The researchers measured the desire for risk of participants in either expansive, powerful poses or constricted (收缩的) poses. Those in the powerful poses not only felt more powerful and in control, but were 45% more likely to take risky actions.

“This isn’t about what your body language is communicating to others; it’s about what your body language is communicating to you. Your body language is changing your mind, which changes your behavior, which changes your outcomes,” said Cuddy.

So if you want to take advantage of the benefits of these poses to live a healthier and happier life, where should you start?

1. Which is probably a low-power pose according to the text?

A．Sitting with hands crossed in the lap.

B．Arms raised in a “V” above the head.

C．Standing with your legs open.

D．Sitting with your arms spreading out on the chair.

2. What can we say about people in the expansive poses?

A．They are hesitant.	B．They are very shy.
C．They feel out of control.	D．They feel more confident.

3. What is the text mainly about?

A．The posture of confidence.	B．Cuddy’s research on behavior.
C．The surprising power of body language.	D．The research about decision-making.

4. What might be talked about in the following paragraph?

A．How to correct bad habits.	B．How to improve your body language.
C．How posture affects your health.	D．Why good posture matters for employees.

2 . Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it.     1     Yet language is not the only way to express our ideas and feelings. Body movement, eye contact, gesture, and facial expression are other forms of language we call nonverbal communication.     2     According to Social Anthropologist, Edward T. Hall, in a normal conversation between two persons, less than 15% of social meaning is transmitted (传达) by words.

Different cultures have different ways of using nonverbal communication and people have different gestures to convey their expressions. However, nonverbal communication, like traffic, is not random (随意的);it has a purpose.     3     Learning the different common rules of body language in different cultures is very useful for us to understand each other better.

People coming from the same culture share common understanding by using the same body language such as eye management, facial expressions, gestures, and body movements.     4     For example, “arms”, which are used little by Nordics during a conversation, are an important element in one’s communicative weaponry (武器) in Italy, Spain, and South America.     5     In these cultures, one should stand with feet pressed together and hands interlaced (交错) in front of the body. In cultures such as America, where you often stand with your feet shoulder­length apart, arms at your side, standing in this fashion might be interpreted as being shy and insecure.

A．Misuse of body language can be unpleasant.

B．And there are common rules to guide its flow.

C．Without language, culture would not be possible.

D．Body language makes up the largest part of our nonverbal communication.

E．But in different cultures nonverbal communication takes on different patterns.

F．If you’ re learning a new language, a great way is to watch movies and TV shows.

G．In Africa, standing in a too “open” fashion, means that your posture might be inappropriate.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Body language is an important part of     1     (communicate). If you wish to communicate well, then it makes sense to understand how you can use your body to say     2     you mean. When you’re nervous, it shows in the way you’re standing or what you’re doing with your hands. The same goes for when you’re     3     (confidence). Standing tall and     4     (make) eye contact shows confidence. Think about someone like Oprah — when she walks onto a stage or into a room she controls it. It’s not just because she’s a well-known speaker,     5     because she performs like she owns the place.

If you want     6     (improve) your confidence before a job interview, presentation, big meeting, or any time really, take a power pose. One great power pose     7     (be) the “Wonder Woman” pose — your hands on your hips (髋部), legs out in a V shape, shoulders and back straight, and chin     8     (slight) up. Stay there for a few     9     (moment) thinking about how sure of yourself you are. Try it out for yourself and you’ll see     10     quickly it impacts you. But it’s probably not a good idea to use in the interview.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

While Arabic may be the official language of many Middle Eastern     1     (nation), body language is also an important means of communication in Arab culture.

Placing your right hand on your heart is a warm greeting that can     2     (do) by itself or after a handshake. The gesture shows sincerity and respect. In Arab culture, handshakes are not only reserved for meeting or greeting someone, but they're also used when you say “goodbye.”

Once you fall into conversation, there are several     3     (help) hand gestures you should know: Touching your fingertips together while holding out your hand means “wait” or “be     4     (patience).” And if your friend or colleague is feeling stressed about something, you can move your hand outward away from your body to express that there are things in life that are not worth     5     (worry) about. Call it the Arab version of “Don’t worry; be happy.”

In addition     6     hand gestures, other body language used in daily life     7     (include) a quick movement of the head upward accompanied by a click of the tongue,     8     means “no” or “I disagree.” By contrast, tilting (倾斜) your head to the side with a smile     9     (usual) means “yes.”

So, while you’re learning Arabic words like “shukran” (thank you) and “masalamah” (goodbye), remember there are other ways to communicate and make yourself feel a part of     10     local culture.

8 . Do you know that you can instantly change your state of mind just by smiling? Science has shown that when we produce a smile, our brain releases feel-good hormones (荷尔蒙) that reduce stress. You’ve already experienced the effects of smiling and laughing with friends and family — it’s an instant, free and joyful action.     1    

In a study, scientists Tara Kraft and Sarah Pressman studied 170 participants who were taught to hold chopsticks in their mouths in three different ways, making them smile to various degrees, while performing a stressful task. The experiment revealed that subjects whose facial muscles were forced into the biggest smiles, due to the chopsticks, experienced a substantial reduction in their heart rate along with quicker stress recovery.

Have you ever smiled at someone and not received a smile back? It may have happened a handful of times, but it’s usually the exception, not the rule.     2    

If you were waiting in line for a coffee and you could choose between a smiling server and one with a neutral expression on their face, who would you pick to take your order?     3     For me, compared to someone who is displaying a neutral or bad expression, a smiling person is going to seem more trustworthy.

    4     My sincere intention is to give you a deeper understanding of the mind-body connection, and access to simple tools to make a positive change in your life.

Whenever you find yourself in a stressful situation, be sure to smile.     5    

A．Most of us would feel drawn to the smiling server.

B．However, there is always someone who will break the rule.

C．Most people can’t help smiling back at you, even if it’s just to be polite.

D．The real message of this article is that you have the power to change your state of mind.

E．As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.”

F．It won’t instantly change your situation, but it absolutely will change how you feel about it.

G．Once you discover the science of how smiling improves your mood, you’ ll be smiling all the time.

9 . There are many ways in which a person’s body language can give you information about whether they are lying or not.

One of the biggest signs that a person is telling lies is that he avoids eye contact during conversation. He may also touch his face often, covering his mouth with his hand very often. Touching the nose is also said to be a sign of taking others’ attention to cover up lies. A person who is not telling the truth may be trying to make you focus on his actions rather than his words.

When a liar (说谎者) tells lies, his physical expression is often very stiff (僵硬的). If he is smiling as he speaks, only the mouth will move. A real smile naturally causes movement of the mouth, eyes, forehead, cheeks, and jaw.

The liar’s hand, leg and arm movements are toward his own body. He takes up little space. The person’s body language is closed off. Liars do not look relaxed, even though they may be trying to give the impression that they are.

When explaining something, a liar usually feels uncomfortable with pauses (停顿) or silences. The person may speak gently or in disordered words. A very skillful liar is able to speak directly and with confidence. In fact, some salespeople are best at this skill.

If you doubt someone is lying, change the topic of conversation suddenly. The liar will willingly change topics with you and become more relaxed. A person who is telling the truth will generally become confused by this sudden change. Another sign of someone telling a lie is yawning (哈欠) — the person may try and look as relaxed as possible, and yawing and stretching are ways of achieving this.

1. Why do liars often cover their mouths?

A．To show their own skill.	B．To avoid the mouth’s stiffness.
C．To smile because they feel shy.	D．To change the listener’s attention.

2. What does the author think of some salesmen?

A．They speak softly.	B．They say “by the way”.
C．They speak confidently.	D．They are anxious while lying.

3. Which can best describe the liar’s yawning?

A．Uncomfortable.

B．Relaxing seemingly.

C．Worrying.

D．Exciting.

4. How does the author mainly develop the topic of the text?

A．By giving explanation.	B．By listing numbers.
C．By using others’ words.	D．By showing results of research.

10 . If you want to succeed in life, you need to express the proper body language, with or without having to say anything else. You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language.

Relax your shoulders, keep your hands at your sides (never inside your pockets) and breathe slowly. Have a warm, welcoming facial expression as if you look forward to communicating. Depending on the situation, you may smile when appropriate.

Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible throughout the talk. Nodding and tilting(倾斜) your head closer can show that you are listening.

Do not fold your arms, look down at the floor or put your hands in your pockets. These can show that you are uninterested. If you have any comments, you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows.

A lot of your body language can show how confident, interested, bored, angry or nervous you are. Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show that you are very much into the conversation at hand.

You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize(强调) a point. If you’re enumerating things, it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track.

Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with. It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more things to say.

Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the boundaries of body language through actual contact. Remember that in body language, it is your body that does the talking for you.

1. According to the text, if you find a listener raising his eyebrows, he may ________.

A．try to show his anger	B．want to give his own opinion
C．not understand what you say	D．want to prove his confidence

2. The underlined word “enumerating” in Paragraph 6 may mean “________”.

A．considering	B．judging
C．numbering	D．discussing

3. What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with?

A．To walk at a slow pace.	B．To shake hands with every person.
C．To look down at the floor.	D．To fold your arms.

4. What is the most suitable title for the text?

A．The Power of Body Language	B．The Attraction of Body Language
C．The Origin of Body Language	D．The Understanding of Body Language