1 . Not only does the use of plastic water bottles hurt your wallet, it also increases pollution and wastes energy and water. Only 23% of all plastic in America ends up in a recycling bin, meaning over $ 1 billion worth of plastic is treated as rubbish a year. Recently, Skipping Rocks Lab has invented a kind of water bottle called Ooho.
It is a convenient, clear water bottle that can either be drunken or eaten. To drink it, you can either peel off the membrane (薄膜) or tear a hole in the membrane with your teeth to pour the water into your mouth. To eat it, you simply put the whole bottle in your mouth. One problem the scientists have run into is how to ship large amounts of Ooho bubbles(水泡) without arriving with a very wet truck. However, they have attempted to package units of individual bubbles together inside a larger and thicker membrane. It is targeting large outdoor events, such as marathons, music festivals, and sporting events, where tons of plastic bottles are used, and frequently left behind as litter. And too much plastic is sure to do harm to the environment, which could account for their purpose of such a new invention.
The team has been working for the past two years to develop the technology and materials needed to produce Ooho; they have recently applied a patent for their new advancements. The price for an individual bubble or a unit of bubbles has not been set yet, but they cost about two cents to create a unit, which is cheaper than plastic bottles. It has appeared at events in London, San Francisco, Boston, at conferences, festivals, and so on.
Ooho is catching many people’s attention and has raised over $ 1 million and gained 1,000 investors in only three days. It is mostly being sold at events at the moment to keep the consumer’s interest while the production machine is getting up and running. It is quickly making a rise,so keep an eye out this year for these bottles of the future.
1. How is most plastic dealt with in America?A.It’s sold. | B.It’s recycled. |
C.It’s buried. | D.It’s wasted. |
A.To make a profit for a company. | B.To protect the environtnent. |
C.To make people eat as they drink. | D.To reduce the cost of plastic bottle. |
A.It is easy and safe to ship it in large amounts. |
B.It has become popular since it began to be sold. |
C.It might be sold at a lower price than plastic bottles. |
D.It cost the team a lot of money to develop the technology. |
A.Ooho is to be a success in the future. |
B.Ooho is being supported by smart people. |
C.Ooho is taking the place of plastic bottles now. |
D.Ooho is being produced to attract more investors. |
2 . Buildings, pollution, poor soil, insects, and even car crashes can add to tree loss. However, between 2016 and 2021, the city of Seattle in Washington state was reported to have lost about 255 hectares of tree covering, for which climate change was blamed. Then came the driest summer on Seattle’s record books in 2022. The drier conditions and hotter temperatures have left many trees with brown leaves, naked branches, and extreme seeding. These are all signs of tree stress.
According to Nicholas Johnson, a tree expert for Seattle City Parks, if this warming climate continues we are going to have a lot of trees die. Just like people, under the heat trees get weak.
Researchers from France and Australia studied the effect of hotter temperatures and less rain on more than 3,100 trees and plants in 164 cities across 78 countries. They found about half the trees in the cities were experiencing climate conditions beyond their limits. They also found that by 2050 nearly all trees planted in Australian cities will not survive.
It’s not the gradual change but these extreme swings of too much water, too little water, too much wind, and terrible storms that are going to cause these rapid changes. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina destroyed about 10 percent of the trees in New Orleans, Louisiana. And in 2021, Hurricane Ida uprooted many new tree plantings.
To settle the problem of tree loss, non-native trees have been brought to cities for some time. In the city of Bellevue, Washington, experts are growing different kinds of trees specifically for climate change. On city grounds, they are planting baby giant sequoias, just a few centimeters tall. The giant sequoias are not native to the Pacific Northwest area. But the trees can deal with the lack of rain and insects. Once these trees are established, they grow incredibly fast. Having many different kinds and ages of trees is important to keeping urban forests alive.
“Life always finds a way,” said Nicholas Johnson. “And in Seattle, people are helping life find a way.”
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The bad condition of trees in Seattle. |
B.The terrible climate in Seattle in recent years. |
C.Natural reasons for tree loss. |
D.The signs of tree stress. |
A.Buildings. | B.Pollution. |
C.Extreme climate. | D.Car crashes. |
A.By improving planting methods. |
B.By changing the kinds of trees. |
C.By treating trees as babies. |
D.By improving the soil quality. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Negative. | C.Skeptical. | D.Positive. |
3 . Laundry day isn’t exactly fun for most people, but it can be quite unpleasant for the Earth. Washing clothes can release microplastics that are accumulating in the world’s waterways at alarming rates.
·Choose efficient machines
The machines you use have a significant effect on the amount of energy and water you save or waste.
·
Avoid small loads, but don’t crowd a machine, which can make it work harder. And take a look at the amount of detergent(洗涤剂)you’re using. The extra detergent will be harder to clean out, extending washing and drying times.
·Read up on green products
Companies large and small have met consumer demand for products with no harsh chemicals.
A.Wash clothes by hand |
B.Rethink your laundry habits |
C.They use less energy than standard models |
D.Older appliances can waste many resources |
E.But not all products are what they claim to be |
F.Two to three tablespoons for detergents are enough |
G.Luckily it’s getting easier to clean your clothes while staying green |
4 . During the COP27 climate conference (会议) in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, an important deal on “loss and damage” was reached. This was a big step forward because at COP26 conference in Glasgow, Scotland, there were no talks on loss and damage at all. The plan is that richer countries will pay money into a special fund that will be used to help poor countries.
Loss and damage means the damaging impact of climate change on developing countries. For nearly 30 years, poorer countries have been asking richer countries for money to help to protect communities from the effects of climate change. Richer countries have produced the most greenhouse gases, but poorer countries are often the worst affected by extreme weather conditions because they are less well equipped to face extreme climate events.
Brazil’s newly elected President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva made a speech about preserving the largest rainforest on Earth, the Amazon. During the last 50 years, more than 17% of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed to make way for farms and towns. However, in his speech, Lula promised that there would be zero deforestation (伐树) in the Amazon by 2030. The conference didn’t just focus on world leaders. It brought together more than 45,000 people to discuss how climate change is affecting their lives. Climate refugees (难民) also had their voices heard. Tshilombo from the Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya said, “Refugees don’t only flee because of war or conflict. It’s also about drought, the effects of climate change.”
Some countries weren’t happy with the overall outcome of COP27 because decisions weren’t made on cutting the use of fossil fuels, such as coal, gas and oil, etc. The UK Government’s Alok Sharma said, “I’m incredibly disappointed.”
However, this deal was a great achievement for developing countries. Sherry Rehman, the climate minister for Pakistan, said, “I am confident we have tuned a comer in how we work together to achieve climate goals.”
1. What is a successful outcome of the COP27 climate conference?A.The deal on loss and damage. |
B.The deal on using fossil fuels. |
C.The deal on rainforest preservation. |
D.The deal on helping climate refugees. |
A.More greenhouse gases. |
B.Massive deforestation. |
C.Shortage of money and supplies. |
D.Terrible weather conditions. |
A.Climate change is influencing people’s lives. |
B.17% of the Amazon rainforest was destroyed. |
C.Many factors lead to the appearance of refugees. |
D.There will be less deforestation in the Amazon by 2030. |
A.Never put off till tomorrow. |
B.Many hands make light work. |
C.Knowledge starts with practice. |
D.No way is impossible to courage. |
There was a job vacancy for taking care of the Great Barrier Reef!
Ben did a lot during his time
With economy development there comes a time when the old must give way to the new.
Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions. In 1950s,the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back in a place
The project ended in 1980, it was considered a success. Not only had the countries found a path to the future, but they had also learned that
Wuyi Mountain, as a national nature conservation area, is well-known for its clear water and beautiful peaks. There is little doubt
But I’m concerned that the increasing number of tourists has had a negative impact
To begin with, the government is supposed to adopt
In addition, it is also the government’s responsibility
8 . A rare wild flower is being re-established in Devon fields thanks to some four-legged helpers. A conservation charity called Planflife has employed donkeys as “ecosystem engineers”to encourage the return of the endangered small-flowered catchfly.
The catchfly was once found all across Britain but now it only grows in small areas of Wales and the south and west of England. Experts blame its decline on modern farming practices. The flower flourished around the edges of sandy fields where farmers grew their crops, but because of weedkillers that were used to remove “unwanted” plants, and fertilisers to boost crop yields, its habitat has largely disappeared.
Plantlife teamed up with the Donkey Sanctuary, a charity that looks after donkeys in the UK and around the world. It owns several farms across Devon and the UK, where it takes care of hundreds of rescued donkeys, as well as maintaining habitats for other wildlife. More than 20, 000 seeds have been scattered on fields at the sanctuary’s main Devon farm, and it is hoped that many will grow into plants this summer. They will provide food for threatened bird species such as linnets, yellowhammers and skylarks. Plantlife then aims to get the donkeys themselves involved, testing whether catchfly seeds benefit from being trampled into the ground as the donkeys take their exercise. Many plants have seeds that must be pressed into the soil in order to germinate.
“We’re incredibly grateful to partners like the Donkey Sanctuary who are helping these fantastically rare wild flowers come back from the edge of extinction,” Cath Shellswell of Plantlife told The Guardian newspaper. “We look forward to seeing small-flowered catchfly return and we are working with the sanctuary to ensure that this tiny plant has a thriving future. ”
1. Why are donkeys employed in Devon fields?A.To work in the fields. | B.To restore the catchfly. |
C.To avoid extinction. | D.To raise crop yields. |
A.Soil loss. | B.Water pollution. |
C.Climate change. | D.Modern agriculture. |
A.By pressing its seeds into the soil. | B.By working the land. |
C.By providing nutrition for it. | D.By spreading its seeds. |
A.Donkeys help fields flower again. | B.Farmland becomes a natural habitat. |
C.The biodiversity forms on Devon farms. | D.The catchfly has a thriving future. |
9 . Working at a bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks was living the life-just not the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self-help book or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. When she returned to New York, her life was with a new purpose and a variety of new skills to make her dreams a reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥),” she says. “And I just thought, ‘Why aren’t we doing that here?’”“The Adamah program opened Sacks’ eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions. So in 2017, she began what she calls “trash walking”.
During tours around her community, Sacks picks through garbage to look for reusable items. Soon, her “trash walking” expanded to include corporate trash along with residential trash. Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff-like clothing, decorations, and food-all of which she documents on TikTok.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her videos that highlight the problems with consumerism. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste,” she says.
The fact is, companies often choose to trash items rather than give them away to people who might need them. A big reason for this waste is the way our current tax laws are structured, Sacks says. Sellers who destroy goods can claim the cost as a loss on their taxes and be refunded. If they give away goods, they can claim only a small amount as a charitable reduction on their taxes.
Sacks’ main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve,” she says.
1. Anna Sacks packed up her life and left New York to________.A.lead a healthy lifestyle |
B.observe how to grow food |
C.pursue a meaningful life |
D.volunteer to work in a bank |
A.The importance of trash walking. |
B.The sustainable food people produced. |
C.The hard truth about consumer culture. |
D.The way people there dealt with the waste. |
A.The tax reduction. |
B.The quality of goods. |
C.The tax refund. |
D.The overproduction. |
A.Consumer culture accounts for wasting. |
B.Corporate trash outweighs residential trash. |
C.Trash walking is the key to becoming wealthy. |
D.Turning to farming leads to sustainable living. |
10 . The idea that having narrow local focus leaves little room for anything but a selfish mindset is a misconception, according to a new study that found that concern for local affairs could help with global environmental conservation.
You might have heard of NIMBY which means “not in my back yard” and describes an individual or group opposed to a new addition to the neighborhood, typically a factory, roadway or power station. Nimbyism and parochialism(眼界狭小), which is a focus on a local area, can go hand in hand, and there are concerns that parochialism paves the way for prejudice, narrowmindedness, and selfishness.
But researchers found the exact opposite to be true in a new study published. The researchers argue that positive parochialism can inspire a larger awareness of global environmental problems and encourage people to action.
“We did not find evidence that parochialism was necessarily negative and inward -looking,” said Patrick, a researcher for the study. “It can be those things, but there's no necessary conflict between feeling connected to your local area and feeling connected to the wider world. ”
For the study, the researchers reviewed documents from the 1987 Parish Maps project. The researchers showed how the Parish Maps project also demonstrated a passion for the environment and conservation. The researchers say that the Parish Maps project is a strong example of “positive parochialism”, and shows that thinking locally can influence a global mindset.
“For a long time, it has been generally agreed that if we want people to think about global affairs they need an international worldview-but this may not be the case,” said Patrick. “Given where we are now in terms of trying to encourage people to make changes to help the environment, positive parochialism offers something that has been overlooked.”
1. Which behavior can best illustrate NIMBY?A.Criticizing a friend for his selfish action. |
B.Accepting a proposal beneficial to locals. |
C.Supporting a neighborhood construction plan. |
D.Objecting to building an airport in the neighborhood. |
A.To explain how to protect the environment. |
B.To offer an example of positive parochialism. |
C.To encourage people to take part in the project. |
D.To stress the importance of global mindset. |
A.Appreciative. | B.Cautious. | C.Negative. | D.Puzzled. |
A.Parochialism, a better practice? |
B.International view, more popular? |
C.Thinking locally, acting globally |
D.Bigger thinking, better environment |