1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dongying city in China’s Shandong Province has witnessed ecological improvements in the Yellow River Delta, thanks to various     1    (effect) measures to improve wetland restoration and protection.

Years ago, the wetlands there     2    (threaten) due to less water from the river and other factors.     3    (protect) the wetlands ecosystem, the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve was established in 1992. Since then, the city     4    (carry) out several management projects and restored the biotic (生物) population in the zone.

Dongying has been adopting a comprehensive wetlands restoration model by giving high priority to protecting the nature reserve and letting nature restore     5    (it) . Over the past three years, it’s transferred 469 million cubic meters of water to the nature reserve, which has recovered the ecological functions of the wetlands there.

Last year, Dongying built a real-time monitoring network for bird species at the nature reserve, which ensures that birds are free from disturbance of human activity and     6    (put) the habitats of cranes and other species under key protection. As     7    result, the nature reserve has seen an obvious increase in the variety and number     8    bird species. Home to 371 bird species, it’s become an important stop, wintering ground and breeding place for migratory     9    (bird). Dongying is currently working to build the Yellow River Estuary National Park,     10    will cover 3, 523 square kilometers, including land area and sea area, to explore pathways for the protection of Delta ecology.

2 . The endangered pandas in the Qinling Mountains might face a new threat: the loss of their food, bamboo, which makes up 99% of their meals.

Adult pandas spend most part of the day eating bamboo and have to take in at least 40 pounds a day to stay healthy. However, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may soon find their food gone because most of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains might disappear by the end of the century as a result of rising temperature worldwide.

A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied the effects of climate change on the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains. They have found that bamboo is very sensitive to climate changes. “80% to 100% of the bamboo would be gone if the average temperature rises 3.5 degrees worldwide by the end of the century,” said Liu Jianguo, one of the report’s authors.

He added, “This is how much the temperature would rise by 2100 even if all countries will keep their promises in the Paris Agreement. But you know what is happening all around the world.”

In recent years, China has been trying its best to protect the endangered pandas by setting up more and bigger natural reserves.

“But it is far from enough and the endangered pandas need cooperation from the rest of the world, because their future is not just in the hands of the Chinese,” said Shirley Martin from the World Wildlife Fund but not a member of the team.

The Qinling Mountains, in the southwest of China, are home to about 260 pandas. That is about 13% of China’s wild panda population. In addition, about 375 are living in research centers and zoos in China.

1. How many wild pandas are there in China?

A．About 260.	B．About 635.
C．About 2,635.	D．About 2,000.

2. What does Liu Jianguo mean in Paragraph 4?

A．China needs more help from the World Wildlife Fund.

B．It is difficult to control the temperature rise within 3.5℃.

C．Bamboo is sensitive to the changes of temperature.

D．China is making great efforts to protect the pandas.

3. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．The Qinling Mountains can provide enough bamboo for the pandas.

B．Pandas in the Qinling Mountains are only threatened by the loss of food.

C．Lots of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains will probably disappear.

D．Pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains.

4. Which can be the best title for the text?

A．The Disappearance of Bamboo

B．Necessity to Change Pandas’ Food

C．A New Threat Faced by the Pandas

D．Efforts Made to Save Pandas

3 . Despite the bad reputation of sharks, they are crucial to the health of the marine ecosystem and can even help fight climate change.

In the shallows of Shaik Bay, Western Australia, seagrass is food for the sea cows, which can weigh as much as 500 kg and eat roughly 40 kg of seagrass a day. Sea cows are a rich source of food for tiger sharks. By keeping the sea cow population controlled, tiger sharks here help the seagrass grow sustainably. A booming seagrass meadow stores twice as much CO₂ per square mile as forests typically do on land.

But tiger shark numbers are declining. Off Australia’s northeast coast of Queensland, tiger sharks are estimated to have fallen by at least 71 percent, largely due to overfishing. A reduction in tiger sharks means more seagrass consumed by herbivores (食草动物) and less carbon stored in sea vegetation. This raised the question: What if they were absent from the Shark Bay — would the seagrass-dominated ecosystem survive?

To find out, researcher led by Rob Nowicki of Florida International University, spent time in Eastern Australia, where shark numbers were lower and sea cows ate seagrass largely undisturbed. “When uncontrolled, sea cows can rapidly destroy wide areas of seagrass.” said Nowicki.

Those findings emphasized that tiger sharks were playing an important role in preventing the reduction of seagrass in Shark Bay. If their populations continue to decline, the resilience of carbon-rich ocean ecosystems will likely decrease.

          When it comes to stimulating shark numbers, there have been movements toward more sustainable fishing, but a large percentage of the industry have not changed their methods, which is a reason why the population of many marine top predators (捕食者) continues to decline.

Aside from supporting sustainable fishing, Nowicki said the only way to truly protect marine life is to reduce our global greenhouse gas emissions. “Ultimately, if we are going to protect our ecosystems in the centuries to come, we are going to need to solve climate change while undertaking species protection at the same time.”

1. Why are tiger sharks vital to the marine ecosystem?

A．They feed on various sea animals.	B．They can store large amounts of CO₂.
C．They can prevent the loss of seagrass.	D．They influence marine species’ health

2. What does the underlined word “resilience” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．Remark.

B．Recovery.

C．Bother.

D．Accident.

3. What is the main cause of the population reduction of many top predators?

A．Unsustainable fishing.	B．Lack of protection.
C．Climate change.	D．Loss of seagrass.

4. What’s the purpose of the text?

A．To tell the number of tiger sharks is decreasing.

B．To show climate change causes the loss of seagrass.

C．To tell environmental protection is at the top of the agenda.

D．To show tiger sharks are vital to the health of the marine ecosystem.

4 . Ninety-seven percent of Earth’s water is ocean. No blue, no green. If you think the ocean isn’t important, imagine Earth without it. Fifty years ago, when I began exploring the ocean, no one realized that we human being could do anything to harm the ocean.

For me, as a woman scientist, it all began in 1953 when I first tried diving. In 1979, by using a submersible, I had a chance to reach the ocean floor which was six miles offshore and 1,250 feet down. Since then, I’ve used about 30 kinds of submarines. We need new deep-diving submersible. We need to see the undersea mountains and understand life in the deep sea. Exploring and protecting the wild ocean is my big wish.

What’s worrying us is that an ice free Arctic Ocean may happen in this century. That’s bad news for the polar bears. Additional CO₂ is not only driving global warming, but also changing ocean chemistry, making the sea more acidic. That’s bad news for coral reefs and oxygen-producing plankton(浮游生物). Actually, nearly half of the coral reefs have disappeared. We’re putting hundreds of millions of tons of plastic and other rubbish into the sea. We’re blocking the ocean, poisoning the planet’s circulatory system. Most of the turtles, sharks, tunas and whales are way down in numbers. All of these are part of our life support system.

Health to the ocean means health for us. I wish we would use all means—films, explorations, the web, new submarines—and campaign to stimulate public support for ocean protected areas. My wish is a big wish, but if we can make it happen, it can truly save and restore the ocean, the blue heart of the planet. For the children of today, for tomorrow’s children: as never again, now is the time.

1. Why does the writer say “No blue, no green.” in the first paragraph?

A．To tell us the colors of the earth.	B．To refer to the ocean and the land.
C．To show the importance of ocean.	D．To encourage us to explore the ocean.

2. What should we do to protect the ocean according to the text?

A．Make joint efforts.	B．Save life support system.
C．Encourage children to take action.	D．Explore the ocean by new technology.

3. What’s the writer’s attitude towards the current situation of the ocean?

A．Negative.

B．Concerned.

C．Uncertain.

D．Indifferent.

5 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

As is known by us, our government is trying to make our city the National Civilized City at present. We hope we can also do our best to help realize this goal.

First of all, we should mind our words and deeds and become civilized citizens. Always remember to say “Please” and “Thanks” and don’t talk and laugh loudly in public. Seen people in trouble, we might as well to lend them a helping hand. In addition, be civilized pedestrians. We must observe traffic rules and never cross the streets before the traffic lights are red. At same time, keeping our environment cleanly is also advisable, it means we shouldn’t litter or spit in public places. Only by starting with the little things around us we make a great difference to our city image.

Let’s take measure now and make joint efforts to make our city more civilized.

7 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Thursday, we have had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our autumn trip. We came up with several choices such as going boating, climbing a mountain, and going to park. Finally, we decided to go mountain climbing. The next day, we left to the mountain early in the morning. While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful sceneries. However, when we reached the top, we were shocking to see rubbish here and there, such as bottles and banana peels. We felt sadly that many tourists didn’t take good care of nature. Soon, they started to pick them up. With all the rubbish putting in the rubbish bin, the place looked many more beautiful than before. When we came back, it was 5:30 in the afternoon. We were tired and happy.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Scientists in Antarctica have made a surprising and welcome     1     (discover) — the world’s largest breeding ground for fish. Researchers from Germany came across the fish while     2     (make) a map of the seabed of the Antarctic Weddell Sea. They found around 60 million ice-fish breeding in an area about 240 square kilometers. The research team had been setting down a number of     3     (camera) to a depth of 530 meters under the Wed-dell Sea for months. “Such a huge breeding area of ice-fish in the Weddell Sea was     4     (previous) undiscovered, and it is totally attractive,” said Autun Purser,     5     deep-sea biologist.

The researchers have been exploring the region hoping     6     (establish) it as an official Marine Protected Area. They say the seas are a unique habitat that must     7     (preserve). They want to keep fishing and some other scientific research from     8     (pollute) the waters. A recent University of Cambridge study found that fishing in Antarctica is bringing millions of other species from 1,500 ports around the globe,     9     are threatening the area’s special eco-system. Antun said, “So far, the remoteness and difficult sea-ice conditions of Antarctica have protected it, but we must keep     10     mind that we should be very careful with oceanic conservation.”