1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. deliberately B. justifiable C. accumulating D. consume E. spills F. spent   G. potential H. charging I. boost J. subscription K. collected

Is rental fashion the future?

With a cost-of-living crisis and climate awareness sitting heavily at the forefront of our minds, many of us are having to make choices about what we    1    . Fashion is one of them. As of 2021, UK households    2    approximately 57.3 billion British pounds on clothing, significantly contributing to the very real effects of climate change that can be felt around the world.

Even the fastest of fashion retailers are taking note; this summer, BooHoo announced that they will be    3     a returns fee to try and help customers reflect on overshopping habits. Meanwhile, Love Island teamed up with eBay as their official partner for 2022’s series,     4     avoiding their usual tie-ins.

However, there will still be times where a new item feels like a    5    treat: to attend a wedding, to suit the requirements of a job interview, for that much-needed; confidence    6    on a date. For those who love to shop, getting oneself completely out of retail seems a little like a punishment, taking away yet another source of joy during already-undesirable times.

So here comes rental fashion. The set-up is simple. Rent three, five or ten items and swap (替换) every month, with prices starting from £39 a month for a three-item. In the case of any accidents, do not fear     7    and light damages (think broken zips and small stains) are accounted for in the pricing, as is laundry. If you fall in love, there are options to keep certain items longer, or if you’re not in the market for anything new, your     8    can be easily paused or cancelled.

At the end of each cycle, you’ll receive an email reminding you to choose your next box. With a three-item return, items can be returned at a local drop-off point, whilst bigger parcels will be     9    when the team make their next delivery. Think of it a kind of clothing library, where items are rotated in and out of your life instead of     10     dust.

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Who are the listeners of the program?

A．People who have a car.

B．School students.

C．Businessmen.

2. How many calories does cycling at 6 mph for an hour help people burn?

A．140 or more.

B．240 or more.

C．340 or more.

3. What did the man use to do?

A．He used to drive a car.

B．He used to shop in a supermarket.

C．He used to drink bottled water.

4. What does the man want to do through the program?

A．Encourage a greener lifestyle.

B．Give tips on a healthy life.

C．Share his experiences.

3 . From airplanes to apartments, most spaces are now designed with sound-absorbing materials that help decrease various sounds of everyday life. But most of the sound-absorbing materials that can cancel out human voices, traffic noise and music are made from plastic foams (泡沫) that aren’t easily recycled or degraded. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering have created a biodegradable film (薄膜) obtained from seaweed, which effectively absorbs sounds in this range.

Controlling and optimizing the way sound moves throughout a room is the key to creating functional spaces. Foam sound-absorbing panels are a common solution, and they come in a variety of materials and thicknesses tailored to specific sound requirements. Most of these foams, however, are made from a type of plastic material and other chemical substances that are obtained from natural oil or petrol. To avoid petrochemicals, researchers have explored more renewable sources and biodegradable sound-absorbing alternatives. But many current options are made from plant fibers that don’t effectively decrease noises in the most useful range of sound frequencies, or they are too thick or difficult to produce. So, Chindam’s team wanted to develop a biodegradable material from a plant, which would be simple to produce and could absorb a range of sounds.

The team created films of agar (琼脂), a material that comes from seaweed, along with other additives developed from plants and varied the thickness of the films. After running the materials through a battery of tests, the researchers measured how well the films reduced sound across a range of frequencies. To do this, the team created a sound tube in which a speaker is placed at one end, and the test film is fitted over the other end. Microphones in the middle of the tube measured the amount of sound sent by the speaker and the amount of sound reflected off the film. These experiments showed that the films with many small holes made with the highest concentrations of agar had the greatest sound-absorbing qualities and performed similarly to traditional sound-absorbing foams. The researchers plan to explore ways to change the agar films to give them other desirable properties, such as flame resistance, and will explore other biologically obtained film materials.

1. What is the disadvantage of plastic foams?

A．They take up, too much space.	B．They cannot absorb sounds effectively.
C．They cannot meet specific sound requirements.	D．They have difficulty achieving sustainable use.

2. What kind of sound-absorbing material would Chindam’s team develop?

A．One obtained easily and effectively.	B．One produced toughly and tiredly.
C．One developed from petrochemicals.	D．One made from plant fibers.

3. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．The purpose of film research.	B．A series of tests on the new material.
C．A tool of measuring the film thickness.	D．The difficulty of searching the new material.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．An Eco-friendly Sound-absorbing Material from Seaweed

B．Plastic Foams: the Worst Choice of Absorbing Sounds

C．A Tube for Measuring the Amount of Underwater Sounds

D．Seaweed: a Better Sound-absorbing Underwater Plant

4 . How to save planet earth

Have you ever held a product in your hands and considered the existential weight of your purchase? Beyond each price tag hides a ripple effect. It expands from soil to water ways, grocery aisle to kitchen plates, factories to fulfillment centers and mail slots to landfills. This global impact has become less hidden in the past decade, and ignoring the people downstream from us has grown increasingly difficult.

We’re more aware than ever of the mark our consumption leaves on planet Earth, which now sustains nearly 8 billion people. Somehow, humans are still pumping more than 30 gig a tons of carbon dioxide(CO₂)per year into the atmosphere, despite the mountain of evidence that CO₂ is the top contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming.     1    We know we need to do better, but we feel helpless and overwhelmed. Let’s call this the eco-essential crisis; it applies on a deeply personal level for most environmentally aware humans, and on a global scale.

Climate journalist and author Tatiana Schlossberg says even a simple trip to the supermarket can feel paralyzing in 2021. “I want to buy the local thing, but it’s not organic. Or, maybe it’s in a plastic box,” she says. In her 2019 book Inconspicuous Consumption, she ventures way beyond the store aisle and into the web of less apparent ways that humans are damaging Earth. For example, your internet use is tied to extensive carbon emissions and energy consumption.     2     The world is more complicated than that.

In fact, being a good citizen on planet Earth with climate concerns, you’ve likely asked or agonized over this question: What should I do?     3     So, we took this question to five people who have immersed their careers, research and writing in the realities of climate science.

One of their most consistent insights may surprise you: Consumer responsibility misses the mark. “One of the major failings of the environmental movement is having everyone focus on these small things that everyone can do.” says Ayana Elizabeth Johnson-a marine biologist and co-host of the podcast How to Save a Planet.     4     There are just more meaningful and long-lasting ways to expend your energy in the climate fight. Most of them involve organization and collective action.

“Individuals join together to collectively have far more power changing the system than they can as individuals,” says Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication.

A．That doesn’t mean it’s none of your business.

B．these experts propose other key steps that every human can take toward a better future.

C．Similar challenge apply to use of plastics and consumption of meat and other goods.

D．Part of the challenge with the environmental movement is the astonishing list of things we need to change.

E．The solution to this problem, however, is not for you to stop using the internet, according to Schlossberg.

F．It’s easy to get lost in the storm of supposed answers around social media, the latest data sets and “ego-friendly” marketing campaigns.

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

When I came back home, my mother was having a conversation with my seven-year-old daughter Jane. They were talking about how to fight against climate change in the holidays. I interrupted, saying we could do it by eating leftovers (剩菜) this holiday season. Mom and I both smiled.

I said, “You know Americans throw away 25 percent more trash between Thanksgiving and New Year’s Day, including things like plastic from old tech and gift wrap. Food waste, which accounts for 30 to 40 percent of year-round waste entering landfills (垃圾填埋场), also rises sharply during the holidays. During Thanksgiving week alone, Americans throw out roughly 200 million pounds of turkey meat, along with 30 million pounds of gravy (肉汁) and 14 million pounds of dinner rolls.”

Jane was puzzled at the figures of food waste but she was interested in the consequences. I told her, “When thrown-away food makes its way to landfills and rots, it produces methane, a kind of greenhouse gas. That’s not friendly. It can destroy the ecosystem, threatening the survival of animals, plants and humans on the planet.”

Jane was nervous and asked what we could do to help the earth. “One of the most powerful tools we have is just to directly decrease our own waste in our home,” my mom said. “It’s also really challenging because most of our waste is happening in different ways. But individual action can also play a huge role in dealing with food waste, particularly in the US.”

I remember that in my family, there are two traditions when it comes to holiday meals: there must be more food on the table than everyone can eat, and everyone must take home a plate of food at the end of the meal to make sure all the hard work that went into its preparation wasn’t wasted.

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Jane asked, “why prepare so much food for a holiday?”

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jane answered “Sure” and hoped to help Grandmother to prepare for dinners.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . In February 1970, a group of activists gathered in Vancouver, Canada to discuss a planned nuclear test on the Alaskan island of Amchitka. They eventually agreed to sail to the test site and _________ against the explosion in person. At the end of the meeting, the chairman raised two fingers to the room and shouted “Peace!”. After a brief pause, one young attendee _________ with a monumental line: “Let’s make that a green peace”. The group were so _________ the phrase that they named their first boat the Green Peace.

Over the last 50 years, the _________ movement has become so closely associated with the colour green that it’s almost impossible to see a green poster, label or recycling bag without thinking about our planet’s future. But though that connection is the product of a very recent crisis, its _________ go back some way. We have _________ green with nature and its processes for thousands of years. Indeed, the very word “green” comes from the ancient Proto-Indo-European word ghre, meaning “grow”.

The human species, which emerged in the green forests and grasslands of Africa about 300, 000 years ago, has a special _________ link with green. Our eyes might even have _________ specifically to see the green in plants. Unlike most animals, who are red-green colour blind, we humans developed a third cone cell, an additional photoreceptor enabling our _________ to spot ripe red and yellow fruits against a backdrop of green leaf, and to distinguish different green leaves from each other. In daylight conditions, human eyes are more ____________ to green than any other colour.

With the rise of farming, we started to use green as a(n) ____________ for nature and its processes. Archaeologists have recently found an extraordinary store of green jewels in the Levant, ____________ some 10, 000 years. The researchers believe that these objects, many of which had come from hundreds of miles away at great cost, were chosen because they ____________ young leaves and might have been used by early farmers to pray for rainfall or fertilise crops.

The ancient Egyptians, who were farming the banks of the Nile from about 8000 B.C., ____________ use green as identification for their crops. Egyptian painters often represented their god of ____________, Osiris — who was responsible for flooding the Nile’s banks, filling the soil with nutrients and pushing the first green shoots up through the fields — as a bright green being.

1.

A．bump

B．protest

C．compete

D．insure

2.

A．objected

B．announced

C．responded

D．highlighted

3.

A．curious about

B．familiar with

C．shocked at

D．fascinated by

4.

A．environmental

B．revolutionary

C．multicultural

D．deliberate

5.

A．results

B．origins

C．extremes

D．streams

6.

A．identified

B．recognized

C．combined

D．illustrated

7.

A．physical

B．artificial

C．biological

D．physiological

8.

A．engaged

B．evolved

C．dominated

D．exchanged

9.

A．pioneers

B．seniors

C．ancestors

D．inspectors

10.

A．sensitive

B．available

C．equivalent

D．appropriate

11.

A．approach

B．symbol

C．alternative

D．signal

12.

A．crossing over

B．counting for

C．according to

D．dating back

13.

A．described

B．reflected

C．interpreted

D．resembled

14.

A．eventually

B．similarly

C．consequently

D．definitely

15.

A．agriculture

B．vegetation

C．cultivation

D．generation

9 . Back in 2011, the then-16-year-old Boyan Slat was looking forward to a thrilling day of diving off the coast of Greece on a school trip. That excitement turned to despair when he discovered that the colorful ocean life he had been expecting had nearly been replaced by a sea of plastic trash. Throughout the rest of his trip, there was a question that wouldn’t stop running through his mind: Why can’t we just clean it all up?

Slat’s question became the basis of a high school research project in which he studied the critical danger plastic pollution poses to the oceans: how plastic makes it out to sea, and where it collects. He learned that plastic trash from rivers eventually finds its way into the oceans and gathers in one of five primary circulating currents, where a huge collection of trash already floats around.

After devising a method of removing ocean plastic involving the use of solar-powered platforms with attached booms and the ocean’s own currents, Slat presented his ideas in a TEDx talk that spread rapidly. Soon, investors were opening their wallets in support of his plan, leading him to found The Ocean Cleanup, of which he is currently the CEO.

Slat’s plan to clean up the oceans received a lot of media attention but also some criticism. How, for instance, could his team test these cleanup systems in real-world conditions without knowing the scale of the challenges they’d face? Wouldn’t it be more practical to cut off the flow of trash from the source instead of using potentially unreliable devices?

Slat isn’t afraid of failure though, and indeed, the initial versions of his system suffered some technical problems. However, in 2019, his system successfully returned its first loads of plastic waste to shore, and the most recent version collected nearly 20,000 pounds of trash. Some of this was recycled and sold as eco-friendly sunglasses, as Slat’s goal is for the system to be able to pay for itself. The source of the pollution isn’t being ignored either. Slat’s company has developed a smaller system, called the Interceptor, that can gather plastic from rivers. So far, Interceptors have been used in three countries.

According to Slat, these cleanup systems aren’t the only solution for the problem of sea plastic waste, for we must also rethink the way we deal with plastic globally. But in the meantime, a fix to the mess we’ve already made is needed.

1. What did Slat’s ocean trip lead to in 2011?

A．A tourist boom.	B．A research project.
C．A scientific award.	D．A scientific breakthrough.

2. How did Slat’s cleanup approach work?

A．By speeding up the flow of ocean’s currents.

B．By breaking down the collection of plastic.

C．By attaching knives to the bottom of ships.

D．By combining a platform with ocean’s currents.

3. What is the Interceptor designed for?

A．Solving the problem where it starts.

B．Collecting plastic from seas.

C．Making plastic into sunglasses.

D．Paying for Slat’s cleanup system.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．An unforgettable ocean trip

B．Becoming one of the most successful businessmen

C．An amazing scientific discovery

D．Cleaning the Oceans One Piece of Plastic at a Time