1 . Garbage sorting (分类) has become a hot topic around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation (规章) on July 1.
Beijing has been expected to do the same. At present the regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, explaining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Citizens are free of responsibilities for the moment.
The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators (违背者) are now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations. “The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that,” he said.
The Beijing city government first promoted garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types—recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others , and leave it in a colored dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins are for recyclable items, green for kitchen trash, red for dangerous materials and grey for other waste.
To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help citizens. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given places will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclable or kitchen waste.
Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.
1. Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin?| A．Coke cans. | B．Thrown-away batteries. |
| C．Used books. | D．Broken iron pots. |
| A．citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing now |
| B．recyclable waste like newspapers should be thrown in green dustbins. |
| C．people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded in Beijing |
| D．Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing |
| A．An Example in Garbage Sorting in Shanghai |
| B．Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in Shanghai |
| C．New Garbage Sorting Regulation in Beijing |
| D．Present Garbage Collection in Beijing |
| A．A fashion magazine. | B．A science book. |
| C．A newspaper. | D．A government report. |
2 . A new study warns that pollution caused by the world’s food production system is also a major driver of rising temperatures on the planet besides the use of fossil fuels.
The study found that if the world food system stays on its present growth path, it will produce nearly 1.4 trillion metric tons of greenhouse gases over the next 80 years. That pollution is expected to come from fertilizers (肥料) used in agriculture, mismanaged soil, food waste and methane gas released from cows and other animals that are raised. Other causes include operations of turning forests into farmland.
The researchers predict that even if emissions from fossil fuels such as coal and oil were stopped now, emissions from the world food system would make it impossible to achieve a main goal of the 2015 United Nations Paris Agreement on climate change. The goal is to keep rises in the Earth’s temperature during this century well below 2 degrees Celsius.
The UN has said that in order to stay below the 1.5 degrees Celsius level, emissions must fall at least 7.6 percent each year through 2030. The new study calls for immediate “improvements in farming practices, as well as changes in what we eat and how much food we waste”, to help reach the Paris Agreement goals.
Jason Hill, a professor of biosystems engineering, said in a statement that most of the efforts aimed at reducing climate change center on reducing the use of fossil fuels, and that the research clearly shows that the food system has a much greater effect on climate change than is widely known. Hill also noted that fixing the problem would not require the world’s population to completely stop eating meat but eat better, healthier foods. People can improve how they grow foods. And they can waste less food.
The researchers say such efforts are achievable and can also lead to many other improvements beyond controlling climate change. These include making humans healthier, reducing water pollution, improving air quality, preventing animals’ dying out and making people make more money from their farm.
1. Which part of food production causes the pollution?| A．Destruction of forests. | B．Overuse of food waste. |
| C．Growth of food production | D．Mismanagement of raising animals |
| A．Emissions may fall 7.6% yearly. | B．Climate change targets will be revised. |
| C．Global temperatures will rise by over 2℃. | D．Fuels such as coal and oil may not be used. |
| A．It is a bit difficult to improve. | B．Its bad effects aren’t fully noticed. |
| C．Its importance is not widely known. | D．It causes more pollution than fossil fuels. |
| A．People will live a longer life | B．Farm profitability will be improved. |
| C．Water pollution will be stopped. | D．Global temperatures will fall greatly. |
1. 告知同学们蜜蜂数量大幅减少的现状;
2. 列举蜜蜂对人类的重要作用(提供蜂蜜、给花授粉等) ;
3. 呼吁同学们采取措施保护蜜蜂。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇: pollinate flowers给花授粉
Dear friends,
I’m Li Hua. Now I would like to share with you a piece of news I have read recently.
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4 . “How many of us as children have stared up at a church-like top of a giant tree and climbed it in wonder, which is a rally special part of our lives?” asks Bill Laurance, a tropical ecologist at James Cook University. “The leaves of big trees in forests are spreading out in all directions. We’re faced with organisms that have evolved for long periods of ecological stability.”
“There’s a lot to discuss on the issue,” says David Lindenmayer, a conservation ecologist at the Australian National University. “Climate change will mean that, in some forests, big trees won’t reach the same sizes they used to.” The effects of climate change, including long droughts, more invasive species and so on increase the simple physical challenges that big trees face in pulling water from their roots to their leaves and withstanding windstorms.
Lindenmayer and Laurance define “large, old trees” as the largest five percent mature trees within a species. The flexible definition means that in some forests, the large, old trees might be only 20 meters tall and 100 years old.
These large, old trees control the surrounding plant communities, affect water and nutrient distribution, and provide food and shelter for wildlife. “They’re really the breadbaskets of the forest,” says Laurance. “This is a very environmentally and ecologically important group of organisms, and they need special care and handling.” Determining the distribution and habitat requirements for large, old trees in the landscape is the first step towards ensuring their survival, “We have to ensure that what we’re thinking is long-term, to match the way these trees have existed for hundreds or even thousands of years,” says Laurance. “It’s going to be a real challenge to keep some places where there is still wildlife and the big church-like trees that we all really care about.”
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text?| A．By definition. | B．By comparison. |
| C．By quoting someone’s words. | D．By drawing some conclusions. |
| A．They are affected by various factors. |
| B．They have become shorter but thicker. |
| C．They easily pull water from their roots. |
| D．They grow taller because of climate change. |
| A．The plants around control trees’ survival. |
| B．It is necessary to take good care of big trees. |
| C．Big trees mainly depend on wildlife for survival. |
| D．Planting big trees is the first step in forest protection. |
| A．Protect Forest Giants |
| B．Keep Ecological Stability |
| C．Deal with Forest Organisms |
| D．Fight Against Climate Change |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day a man was wondering how to deal with the fallen leaves he had been collected.
He thought of a way to burn it up. And such he did. Just at that moment, Jack saw the fire with heavy smoke but he hurriedly asked his grandpa to come and see it. His grandpa managed put out the fire with water. Jack and his grandpa blamed the man over burning the leaves. They told him that burning leaves gave off poisonous gases, what could cause pollute.
“In order to protect the environment, a best way is to have them burying in the earth,” said Jack’s grandpa. The man felt sorry for what he had done.
Monarchs (黑脉金斑蝶) are the only butterflies known to make two-way migrations, as birds do. In the late summer and early fall, the butterflies typically leave southern Canada and northern and central
7 . The Best Eco-Friendly Gifts
For the eco-conscious, we’ve rounded up our favorite eco-friendly gifts to send to your love.
Reusable Produce Bags (Price: $ 33)
Website: Sears. com
This pack of seven teusable bags are plastic free and made from 100 percent biodegradable cotton. The set includes one cotton net bag, three produce bags, and three food bag. Double stitching and durable seams mean these bags are built to last, and they’re machine washable for easy cleaning.
Wood Bookmarks with Tassels (Price; $ 25)
Website: Etsy. com
Teachers often like to hand out small gifts to students at the end of the year, and this set of wooden bookmarks is a sustainable, affordable way to let students know you care. (Plus, they’re a great reminder to read over holiday breaks!) The bookmarks come with colorful tassels as well, making it easy to mark your place while reading.
Personalized Notebook (Price: $ 13)
Website: Journal. com
This customizable journal is a great gift to jot down notes, used as a daily thought journal, or as a place to keep travel memories or even grocery lists. The cover is made from eco-friendly heavy cotton paper. The pages are recycled cartridge paper that’s perfect for fountain pens and ink as well as other media.
Greener Bamboo Cutting Board (Price: $ 90)
Website: Amazon. com
This bamboo cutting board is naturally bacteria resistant and made from 100 percent Moso bamboo that’s grown in organic soil. One side of the board has a deep juice-catching groove that’s perfect for capturing juices as you cut. After cutting, simply flip the board to the other side for a beautiful presentation large enough for veggie arrangements, watermelon, and more.
1. What can remind you to read?| A．Reusable Produce Bags. | B．Personalized Notebook. |
| C．Wood Bookmarks with Tassels. | D．Greener Bamboo Cutting Board. |
| A．Etsy. com. | B．Sears. com. | C．Journal. com. | D．Amazon. com. |
| A．They all are expensive. | B．They are popular with students. |
| C．They are made of cotton paper. | D．They are sustainable and eco-friendly. |
8 . I don’t think I can recall a time when I wasn’t aware of the beauty of the ocean. Growing up in Australia, I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side. The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay, I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.
For my 10th birthday, my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef. There were fish in different colors, caves and layers of coral (珊瑚). They made such an impression on me. When I learned that only one percent of Australia’s Coral Sea was protected, I was shocked. Australian marine (海洋的) life is particularly important because the reefs (暗礁) have more marine species than any other country on earth. But sadly, only 45% of the world’s reefs are considered healthy.
This statistic (数据) is depressing, so it’s important for us to do everything to protect them. The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action. I’ve become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity, which aims to create the largest marine park in the world. It would serve as a place where the ocean’s species will all have a safe place forever.
Together, Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement. Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy, who grew up sailing, admiring the beauty of the ocean, and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.
1. What can we learn about the author from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1?| A．He seldom went sailing at the sea. |
| B．He forgot his experiences about the ocean. |
| C．He never went back to his hometown. |
| D．He had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay. |
| A．It is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually. |
| B．It depends on reefs for living greatly. |
| C．It may be faced with danger. |
| D．It is protected better than that in other oceans. |
| A．To contribute to a complete ecosystem. |
| B．To prevent more marine species being endangered. |
| C．To set up a large nature reserve for reefs. |
| D．To raise more teenagers’ environmental awareness. |
| A．To ask more people to take action to protect the marine species. |
| B．To inspire more people to study the secret of the ocean. |
| C．To share their childhood experiences about the ocean. |
| D．To bring back to people their memory of ocean species. |
9 . China published its official document on biodiversity conservation on Oct 8,2021. It said that China has achieved great results in biodiversity conservation.
In 2010, the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030) was published. Since then, China has been working for a better ecological environment through establishing and improving policies and laws, carrying out nationwide biodiversity surveys, and putting into place various programs and action plans for biodiversity conservation.
Protected areas
There are about 10,000 protected natural areas, covering 18 percent of total land area. The well-planned protected areas system has brought 90 percent of terrestrial (陆地的) ecosystem types and 71 percent of key state-protected wildlife species under effective protection.
Plants
China has contributed up to 10 percent of the new plant varieties identified worldwide in the past decade. In this period, the country identified about 200 new varieties of plants per year.
Wild animals
The habitats for wild animals in China have been expanding and their populations are growing. The population of giant pandas in the wild has grown from 1,114 to 1,864 over the past four decades. The crested ibis (朱鹮) population has increased from only seven to over 5,000.
Greenness
China was the largest contributor to the world’s gain in greenness between 2000 and 2017. The country contributed about 25 percent of global vegetation growth in the period and China’s forest coverage and forest reserve areas have both continued to expand for the last 30 years. The country has realized the largest growth in forest resources among all countries in the world.
1. In China’s efforts to protect biodiversity, the following elements are mentioned EXCEPT ________?| A．the habitats for wild animals |
| B．the accessible water resources |
| C．forest reserve areas and coverage |
| D．the well-planned protected areas system |
| A．China’s contribution to the world |
| B．Increasing protection for animals |
| C．China’s contribution to greenness |
| D．China’s efforts on biodiversity conservation |
| A．an academic paper | B．a student diary |
| C．China Daily | D．fashion magazine |
In hundreds of cities around the world, people can use a car
Car sharing works like this: people pay a fee
Car sharing works well for several reasons. Some people only need to drive from time to time. Usually, people only need a car for special reasons like moving things or
Members also don’t have to wait in line or fill out
Car sharing also
