1 . Nearly 40 years ago, Peter Harrison, a marine ecologist witnessed the first recorded large-scale coral bleaching（珊瑚白化）event. Diving in the Great Barrier Reef（大堡礁）, he was shocked by the scene before him. "The reef was made up of healthy corals and badly bleached white corals, like the beginnings of a ghost city," he says. Just months before, the same site was filled with colorful tropical life.

"Many of the hundreds of corals that I'd carefully tagged and monitored finally died," he says. "It was shocking and made me aware of just how weak these corals really are.”

Coral exists together with photosynthetic algae（藻类）, which live in its tissues and provide essential nutrition（and coloration）. But high temperatures and other stresses can turn algae poisonous. When this occurs, the algae may die or be removed by the coral, a process known as bleaching because the coral's clear tissue and white calcium carbonate skeleton（碳酸钙骨骼）are exposed. If the coral can't reestablish its link with algae, it will starve or become ill.

The widespread destruction Harrison saw in 1982 was repeated on many other Pacific Ocean reefs that year and the next. In 1997 and 1998 the phenomenon went global, killing some 16 percent of the world's corals. With rising temperatures, pollution, disease, increased ocean acidity, invasive species, and other dangers, Harrison's ghost cities are expanding

Scientists suppose that about four decades ago severe bleaching occurred roughly every 25 years, giving corals time to recover. But bleaching events are coming faster now—about every six years—and in some places soon they could begin to happen annually.

"The absolute key is dealing with global warming," says marine biologist Terry Hughes. "No matter how much we clean up the water, the reefs will die." In 2016, a record-hot year in a string of them, 91 percent of the reefs that consist of the Great Barrier Reef bleached.

1. Peter Harrison was shocked when diving in the Great Barrier Reef, because___________.

A．the reefs were made up of precious corals	B．the corals were ruined badly and quickly
C．he found a ghost city with tropical life	D．he saw the corals he had tagged before

2. Paragraph 3 is mainly about___________.

A．the causes of coral bleaching	B．the weakness of corals and algae
C．the elements that make algae die	D．the process of building a link with algae

3. The phrase "Harrison's ghost cities" in paragraph 4 most probably refers to___________.

A．global warming

B．the polluted ocean

C．the white corals

D．invasive species

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．With algae living in its tissues, coral's white skeleton is exposed.

B．Solving global warming is the real solution to coral bleaching.

C．The reefs die because the water hasn't been cleaned thoroughly

D．The severest coral bleaching occurred about four decades ago.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Over the last 200 years, humans have become the dominant species on earth. As a result, the natural world     1    （suffer）greatly. Today, almost half of the planet’s land is used for agriculture and food     2     （produce）, forcing our wide spaces into dramatic retreat(消退). The global rate of extinction is     3     （high）than it’s ever been, while the climate crisis continues to speed up.

Therefore, many environmentalists are turning to “rewilding”,     4     is aimed at saving our disappearing biodiversity. So, what     5     （exact）is rewilding? In theory, the concept is simple: restore(修复)land,     6     let nature take back control. Currently, there are hundreds of rewilding projects taking place across Europe,     7     （spread）from the UK all the way down to the eastern Balkans.

For these projects to succeed, they need     8     special sort of person——highly skilled, and fiercely passionate individuals, or groups, willing to devote     9     （they）to the restoration of the wild. Because humans are responsible     10     the terrible state of the natural world, only significant human effort will make positive changes to the damage done.

3 . Nature is all about relationships: the interconnected links between the living and lifeless, and how they harmonize beautifully into a whole that might not be immediately apparent to us humans, as the complexities of the world sometimes escape the grasp of our relatively short-sighted understanding. Perhaps that's why the urgency of the climate crisis and other environ-mental issues don't truly hit home for some; because that important data is presented in a dry, factual way that doesn't touch the deeper parts of our collective soul, in a way that would move us to realize what is being lost.

Clare Celeste is an environmentally-minded artist creating artworks that aim to highlight the precious biodiversity of the planet. Using paper that is complexly cut and then hand-assembled piece by piece, Celeste forms imaginary landscapes of plants and animals that are folded or pressed between glass.

Growing up in Brazil, Celeste says that her earliest childhood memories were of green, tropical ecosystems slowly being eaten up by the rapid expansion of nearby cities.

Celeste said, “When I made a series of combinations, I realized that many of the species in the illustrations had already gone extinct. Humans have wiped out 68 percent of all our planet's biodiversity since 1970, so working with old illustrations can be very heartbreaking as much of the diversity in these beautiful old illustrations has been wiped out by human activities.”

Celeste explains some of the motivations behind this series of paper works: “I wanted to convey the beauty of our planet's plants and animals, while also introducing a more architectural or human-made element with the geometric (几何图形的) patterns. Having grown up in Brazil, I was surrounded by dense urban spaces that often had rich jungle growth just wanting to break through the concrete architecture. I suggest we go back to our love: our love of nature, of our children, of future generations. Because when we love something deeply, we are required to act—to save it when it is threatened.”

1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A．People are connected with each other.

B．People find data on nature boring to study.

C．People can't solve the climate crisis on their own.

D．People don't fully understand environmental issues.

2. What did Celeste remember about her childhood?

A．Cities were rich in green plants.

B．Buildings were decorated with plants.

C．Urbanization destroyed the local biodiversity.

D．Nature was a mixture of natural artworks.

3. What can be inferred from Celeste's words in paragraph 4?

A．Most species die without adapting to environment.

B．Humans feel painful at the loss of species.

C．Her paper cuts represent the extinction of species.

D．Human activities have severely damaged biodiversity.

4. What motivates Celeste to create her works?

A．The desire to protect the biodiversity.

B．The desire for a good childhood memory.

C．The idea of imagining landscapes.

D．The hope of preserving natural beauty.

4 . I looked out of the door of my 100 year-old house and saw my newly built garden. I realized nothing is rubbish. I was full of_________and appreciation.

I_________to look at the things that we usually think of as_________—plastic bags, polluted water, rubber bands, and newspapers, clothes and furniture we_________. I also began to think, act and live according to a belief that all things have the_________of being reused as long as we try to_________it. And I explored the worth of_________. I mean recycling isn't just about_________rubbish like putting glass and paper in_________bins. It also requires creativity, commitment and even love.

My neighbors would put the autumn__________by the roadside to be picked up by the garbage truck. This didn't__________with my newfound concept of recycling trash, so I made a new__________with moving boxes and put up a__________saying, ''Dump（倾倒）leaves here". I watched carefully through the autumn as my neighbors__________the leaves in the new garden and I also watered the leaves__________with rainwater and collected dogs' waste as fertilizer, Then I__________flower seeds. Finally, I had a new__________garden, full of colorful flowers.

Nothing has to be really__________. If you try hard enough, everything can be recycled. I even used my bath water to water my garden, though it might be a little__________for my friends. But I think if we all can turn waste, sometimes a little dirty, into__________, the world will be a much better place.

1.

A．joy

B．sympathy

C．doubt

D．regret

2.

A．refused

B．hesitated

C．liked

D．started

3.

A．wealth

B．garbage

C．investments

D．necessities

4.

A．packed up

B．brought up

C．threw away

D．gave away

5.

A．value

B．request

C．confusion

D．consequence

6.

A．own

B．find

C．forget

D．lose

7.

A．collecting

B．recovering

C．recycling

D．competing

8.

A．sorting

B．picking

C．spotting

D．recording

9.

A．uniform

B．broken

C．limitless

D．separate

10.

A．fruit

B．rice

C．leaves

D．vegetables

11.

A．compare

B．deal

C．communicate

D．fit

12.

A．platform

B．garden

C．picture

D．schedule

13.

A．building

B．tent

C．sign

D．show

14.

A．piled

B．polished

C．decorated

D．cleaned

15.

A．unwillingly

B．hardly

C．seriously

D．casually

16.

A．submitted

B．sowed

C．removed

D．reserved

17.

A．smelly

B．annoying

C．imaginary

D．attractive

18.

A．useless

B．careless

C．priceless

D．defenseless

19.

A．pleasant

B．vivid

C．violent

D．disgusting

20.

A．trouble

B．treasure

C．terror

D．trade

5 . Stefani Shamrowicz lives in Colorado. The 24-year-old woman has spent 23 days picking up126 bags of rubbish across the country

Having over a month off from her job at a campus recreation center, Stefani Shamrowicz decided to take a trip to help clean up the environment.

She's now driven over 70 hours through Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana Florida,Georgia,Tennessee,Kentucky，Ohio，Pennsylvania，and New York-cleaning up everything from pee-filled bottles to lawn ornaments. About 80 percent of the rubbish was drinking bottles. Stefani said she had found a few fast-food toys and a tire with a pair of cowboy boots in it and her aim wasn't to shame, but rather encourage people to do what they can

Collecting anywhere from one to 16 bags at a time, Stefani's been discouraged. She felt she wasn't doing enough. She said there was a place that had an ocean of rubbish and she pushed out four bags, but then she broke down because she realized how much rubbish there was and it felt like four bags didn't do anything. But she remembered to just do what she could, especially since she had gone beyond her goal. She said she dedicated that to her parents because they raised her to be an independent person and had been very supportive on the trip

People donated $10 a bag for Stefani to clean up in their name, which she uses for lodging and gas. The person's name is written on how many bags they've donated towards and Stefani posted a picture on her Instagram when they were filed, thanking them for helping clean up the cit she was in.

People online and in person have responded positively to the project. Stefani recalled people sent her pictures of bags of trash they picked up. Once, when she started doing a bag on the beach in Florida,two ladies saw her and started helping her fill the bag.

With her job resuming June 1, Stefani is now back home but she has so many good things to say about her unique U.S.road trip.There's litter everywhere, so I'm just happy to be able to make a little bit of an impact everywhere I go. Cleaning up this litter is a huge thank you for all the joy and good times national parks and nature in general has brought to my life,”she said.

1. Why did Stefani drive ower70 hours across the USA?

A．To call on people to donate money

B．To earn a living by classifying rubbish.

C．To encourage people to protect the environment.

D．To enjoy the scenery of the national parks and nature

2. What is the influence of Stefani's cleaning up rubbish?

A．People offered their help along her journey

B．Her parents make joint efforts to support her.

C．People begin to donate their money for her project.

D．Many people take action to clean up the environment

3. What's the attitude of the author towards cleaning up the litter?

A．Discouraged.

B．Anxious

C．Surprised.

D．Pleased.

4. What does the passage want to tell us?

A．Cleaning up rubbish is a tough task.	B．A kind act can make a big difference
C．Believing in oneself is the key to success.	D．One will realize his dream if he persists in it.

6 . Would you sail over 12,900 kilometres across the Pacific Ocean in a boat made from plastic bottles?

In 2010, a crew of six people did. They sailed on the Plastiki, an 18.3-metre boat made from recycled materials. Everything about the Plastiki was environmentally friendly. The sails were produced from recycled plastic and the masts that held them from used aluminum pipes. Organic materials, such as glue made from nuts and sugar, were used to keep the bottles in place. To power the boat, solar panels and wind turbines were used.

During the journey, crew members lived in a plastic cabin. Their daily routine consisted of sleeping, eating and doing chores. For food, they mainly survived on fresh vegetables grown in a hanging garden as well as canned and dried food. They also ate fresh fish, but were surprised to discover that they found more plastic than fish. “From above, the oceans still look beautiful and untouched,” David said, “but just below the surface is this toxic stew that could quickly end up on our dinner plates.”

The leader, David, organised the voyage in order to draw people’s attention to the environmental dangers our oceans face and the need to recycle plastic. He planned to visit damaged coral reefs and islands in danger from rising sea levels. However, his most important objective was to see the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a huge mass of plastic particles floating in the North Pacific. David hoped that, by sailing through the Patch, he could show the world how serious plastic pollution had become.

Unfortunately, the Plastiki was more difficult to control than expected. Therefore, the boat missed its main destination. However, the crew did make stops at islands in the mid-Pacific, where they picked up supplies and talked to local students. Along the way, they battled fierce ocean storms, torn sails and temperatures that reached up to 38°C.

When the Plastiki finally sailed into Sydney’s harbour, the crew were greeted by cheers. The Plastiki’s journey had shown that if we understand how to use waste materials efficiently, they can be transformed into valuable resources. It had also revealed that it was more important than ever to deliver a serious message: our oceans are filling up with plastic faster than we thought.

1. What was special about the Plastiki?

A．It had high-tech equipment.	B．It was made of green materials.
C．It once crossed the Pacific Ocean.	D．It had a professional crew on it.

2. What was the purpose of the Plastiki’s voyage?

A．To protect endangered ocean life.	B．To test the safety of a new boat.
C．To stop people using plastic products.	D．To highlight the plastic waste problem.

3. Which of the following best describes Plastiki’s voyage?

A．Boring but carbon-free.	B．Controversial but fruitful.
C．Aimless but comfortable.	D．Challenging but significant.

4. What message is conveyed in the last paragraph?

A．Limited resources should be valued.

B．Actions must be taken by individuals.

C．Plastic waste can be turned into treasure.

D．Environmental problems can be easily solved.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 2004, the junior high school student, now 13, launched the basketball-themed Hoops of Hope,     1     “charged” people in his neighborhood $1 for every basket he shot. Since then, thousands of youngsters have picked up on the idea and raised more than $325,000 for the cause. “It works     2     kids of my age want a chance to do something great and be part of something like this,” Gutwein told China Daily.

“I realized these kids weren’t any     3     (difference) from me, except that they were suffering     4     (terrible) and I wanted to do something to help     5     (they),” he said.

    6     the help of non-government organizations, Hoops of Hope has built a school for HIV/AIDS orphans and a medical lab in Zambia in South Africa.

Another participant, Li Yeqiao, a 15-year-old student at Beijing Bayi Middle School, told the conference how the group seeks to improve the way electronic waste     7     (deal) with, and encourages people     8     (save) water and care for animals. “We have developed 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) living habits. Our initiatives (首先行动)    9     (have) a positive impact on the local environment.” Li said.

British animal behavior expert Jane Goodall introduced the Roots & Shoots concept to China in 2000 to promote environmental and humanitarian education programs to     10     (child). There are now 300 of such groups in the country.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Following pressure from animal activist groups , Apsara, the management authority for the Angkor Archaeological Park in Siem Reap, Cambodia announced in June 2019 it would ban elephant rides in early 2020. Now the process has already begun.

An Apsara press    1     (represent) said, “The elephant is a big animal,     2     it is gentle and we don’t want to see the animals     3     (use) for tourism activities anymore. We want them to live in their    4     (nature) surroundings.”

In 2016, an elephant named Sambo died at Angkor Archaeological Park,     5     (draw) worldwide attention. Her death was blamed     6     a combination of heat stroke arid exhaustion from ferrying so many human beings around. Two years later, the World Wildlife Fund     7     (publish) an in-depth look at the dwindling populations of the Asian elephant, noting that the     8     (species) population had declined by 50% in just three generations.

The ban comes at a time when more and more travelers and tourism organizations around the world have moved to eliminate animal-related attractions. Most recently, Trip Advisor-one of the world’s biggest travel listings and booking sites--announced that     9     would not sell tickets to any sites     10     breed whales or dolphins in captivity, such as the theme park Sea World in the US.

9 . Many of the New World supermarkets in New Zealand are letting their fruits and vegetables go packaging-free. In an innovative project pioneered by the New World supermarket located at Bishopdale in Christchurch, this change has led to an amazing increase in sales according to The New Zealand Herald. "We monitor them year on year and after we introduced the idea, we noticed sales of spring onions, for example, had increased by 300 percent," Bishopdale’s owner Nigel Bond told NZ Herald. "There may have been other factors at play, but we noticed similar increases in other vegetables." Bond explained, "When we first set up the new shelving, our customers were blown away. It reminded me of when I was a kid going to the fruiterer with my Dad you could smell the fresh oranges and spring onions. By wrapping products in plastic, we sanitize and keep people away from this experience, it was a huge regret for us."

This new project is part of the movement to do away with all single-use plastic packaging. There are actually government regulations that went into effect on July 1, 2019 for a phase out(强制逐步淘汰) of plastic bags by all retailers. Plastics take up as much as 20 percent of New Zealand's landfill space to 252,000 tons per year.

The idea for the unwrapped produce came from Bond. He went on a study tour in the US and was impressed by the sales at Whole Foods. Then he spoke to growers and suppliers who were more than happy to look at different ways to provide produce without the plastic packaging.

Now, most of the produce is plastic-free but some items - including grapes and some tomatoes - still come wrapped in plastic. Nine New World supermarkets in the South Island have followed the Bishop dales stores example. And New World is testing another new way to BYO (=bring your own) containers for the meat and seafood departments. All of this is a part of the supermarket chain commitment to sustainable practices.

1. What's the result of making vegetables go packaging-free?

A．An innovative project was carried out.

B．More vegetables have been sold.

C．Nigel Bond monitored sales stricter.

D．Other factors were found to play the role.

2. Which of the following is the content of regulations going into effect in 2019?

A．Not using all single-use plastic packaging.

B．Limiting the development of retailers.

C．Stopping using plastic bags gradually.

D．Building more New Zealand's landfill space.

3. What made Bond have the idea for the unwrapped produce?

A．Whole Foods’ sales.

B．His study in the college.

C．His impression from work.

D．Growers and suppliers' requirements.

4. What can be the suitable title for the text?

A．New World's Fruits and Vegetables Going Packaging-Free.

B．New Zealand's Supermarkets Calling for Environmental protection.

C．New Zealand's Contribution to Reducing the Use of Plastics.

D．New World's Supermarkets' New Ways to Promote Sales.

10 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Microplastics, referring to plastic fragments and particles (碎片和微粒) less than 5 millimeters in diameter (直径), have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, just 408.86 meters below the peak of the mountain, according to a recent study published in the journal One Earth. Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different     1     (spot). They found microplastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most     2     (pollute) sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal,     3    most human activity on the mountain is concentrated. It had 79 particles of microplastics per liter (升) of snow.