1 . For some people, walking or running outdoors is a great way to work out. What may not be so pleasant is seeing trash (垃圾) all over the ground. Well, some people are doing something about it. They are plogging!
“Plogging” began in Sweden. The name combines the Swedish word “plocka,” which means to pick up, and the word Jogging, which means to run slowly. A Swedish man named Erik started the movement in 2016 on the World Environment Day.
Erik says that he moved to Stockholm from a small community in northern Sweden. Each day he would ride his bike to work. Concerned about the amount of trash and litter he saw on the way, he took matters into his own hands.
Plogging, by that term, may have officially begun in Sweden. But many people who exercise outdoors have been doing this for years. Take Jeff Horowitz for example. He is a personal trainer in Washington, D.C. He often picks up trash while running outside. He even has turned it into a game; he will try to pick up the trash without stopping. “I didn’t know it was a thing really. This is just my personal ethics (道德标准), where I go for a run and if I happen to see a piece of garbage lying around and it’s within reach — it is a kind of a little test for me to see if I can grab it and throw it in a near trash can without stopping. And that way, I think, it gives me a little exercise and a little focus for my run. And it helps clean up the neighborhood,” he announced.
Today, plogging is an official activity, one that is becoming increasingly popular. Cities around the world now hold plogging events, “I would just hope people would think twice before dropping a garbage on the ground. We have containers on every block. So, it’s easy to put your garbage in the trash cans. I just think people should think about it a little bit more. I do hope one day there will not be a need for plogging.” said an interviewee.
1. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “took matters into his own hands”?| A．called on people to join him. | B．called on people to go green. |
| C．began to pick up the trash. | D．had the collected trash recycled. |
| A．Plogging comes naturally to joggers who care about the environment. |
| B．Plogging is an easy way to clean the environment. |
C．It doesn’t make any sense to jog without picking up trash |
| D．It is better to clean up the neighborhood by plogging. |
| A．Jogging is truly beneficial. | B．Trash cans should be within reach. |
| C．People should stop littering around. | D．Communities should be kept clean. |
| A．New exercise enjoys unbelievable popularity |
| B．New exercise trend(趋势，倾向) also helps environment |
| C．Plogging — a fashionable way to keep fit |
| D．Plogging — an exercise originating in Sweden |
2 . A handful of old mobile phones lay in a grey bucket. These outdated devices, which are about to be chopped into thousands of pieces, will be given a second life as recycled e-waste. But many phones won't.
According to the latest estimates, the world gets rid of approximately 50 million tonnes of waste annually. E-waste is full of dangerous materials that can cause damage to human health and the environment if not managed properly. But only 20 percent of global e-waste is recycled.The rest ends up in landfill, or burned—or is not recycled at all.
And yet,Switzerland is a good example of how to deal with the growing environmental issue. The country collects and recycles roughly 7S percent of this discarded material. This is thanks to a strong voluntary take-back system, where consumers can take e-waste to a reclining collection point or any electronic shop retailer（零售商）. A recycling station can be found within at most 300 meters from any residential area. Everyone gets involved. Switzerland's e-waste system is unique and can't be easily copied-due to a strong recycling culture within the country.
However, Switzerland faces the same global challenges as every nation.The built-in lithium batteries（锂电池）aren't easy to take out. The only way to remove these potentially dangerous components is with a bar and hammer. This poses a significant risk to those handling the goods. As such, producers need to be more transparent(信息透明的) and show more clearly where the harmful substances are, and how they can be removed.
Once the battery is removed, e-waste is sorted into different component parts—-metals, plastics and other materials. Roughly 70 percent of the device can be recycled. The material that cannot be recycled is used for other purposes like construction material or is burned to generate energy. Mobile phones—from a material perspective (角度), from a value perspective，and also from an environmental impact perspective -are very important.
For the past 15 years, Switzerland has been actively encouraging and supporting electrical waste disposal practices. They are happy to share their knowledge, experience, lessons learned, and they are happy if other people pick up on it.
1. What can we know about the global e-waste?| A．Only 20% of the e-waste is useful. |
| B．It is becoming an environmental problem. |
| C．Most of it has been given a second life. |
| D．It has been the major cause of pollution. |
| A．It is unique and easy to copy. |
| B．It features many devoted volunteers. |
| C．It gains great support and understanding. |
| D．It is complicated and not easily accessible. |
| A．Remove harmful substances. |
| B．Use less dangerous components. |
| C．Offer customers free bars and hammers. |
| D．Help make the removal easier and safer. |
| A．How to fight against e-waste. |
| B．Why E-waste gets out of control. |
| C．How to be champion of recycling. |
| D．How to lead an Eco-friendly lifestyle. |
3 . Rainforests are a very important part of our planet, giving us oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide and giving a home to 50% of the animal and plant species of the planet. Not to mention the medicines and cures that are made from the plants that grow there.
What is deforestation? Deforestation is the name given to the damage toe rainforests. This is being done by burning them down, cutting down the trees or flooding the areas.
How can they be saved?
| A．This is happening so fast. |
| B．Why are they being destroyed? |
| C．What can they provide for humans? |
| D．You could avoid eating that to save some rainforests. |
| E．However something unpleasant like deforestation is happening to them every day. |
| F．You could help by raising money for a charity that protects rainforests. |
| G．As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to change carbon dioxide into oxygen. |
4 . China is expected to restructure its industry and energy mix during the 14th Five-Year Plan period（2021-2025）to lay a solid foundation for peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030, a climate change expert has said.
The best possible situation is that China will achieve zero growth in coal consumption during the period, and see usage peak and begin to decline by 2025, according to He Jiankun, deputy director of China's national expert committee on climate change.
During the period, China should promote the development of the digital, high-tech and modern services industries, while the expansion of high energy-consuming industries such as the steel and chemical industries should be controlled, said the expert.
That is because China is still in the industrialization and urbanization stage and requires significant infrastructure construction, He added, noting that a large portion of carbon emissions in China are created during the building process rather than being a result of the people's consumption needs.
The adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure will be promoted so that energy consumption per unit of GDP will drop rapidly and total energy consumption growth will be controlled, He said.
China has announced that it will make efforts to bring carbon dioxide emissions to a peak before 2030 and become carbon neutral(中和)before 2060.
The carbon emissions target means a nationwide peak by the deadline, but at the regional level, the progress will surely be staggered given differences in resources and economic development stages, said He, stressing the need to take a diverse and inclusive approach that coordinates(协调)emission cuts with development.
Relatively developed regions in east China are expected to be among the first to reach a peak as they take the lead in economic transformation, and another group of front-runners will be from the country's renewable energy-rich southwest, said He.
Since the carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets were set, local governments have engaged in making plans at the provincial and city level, the expert said.
He urged local authorities to "suppress the impulse" to expand capacity in energy-intensive heavy and chemical industries, and speed up the formation of a green, low-carbon circular industrial system.
1. What are the two goals of 2030 and 2060 respectively?| A．Peak carbon emission and achieve carbon neutrality. |
| B．Suppress the impulse to expand and boost the green system |
| C．Adjust the industrial structure and upgrade the structure |
| D．Relieve poverty and achieve the whole nation's well-being. |
| A．speed up in efficiency | B．influence positively | C．perform slowly | D．vary in time |
| A．China will promote low-carbon industries. | B．China will improve its industrial structure. |
| C．China will control the development of heavy industry | D．China will put emission cuts first in its development. |
| A．Fashion | B．Reader's Digest | C．China Daily | D．Science Magazine |
5 . Many people are trying to save the earth with special days like “Meatout Day”, “Earth day” and “Buy Nothing Day”.
“Meatout Day” is on March 20th. Many people around the world don't eat any meat for one day. In this way, they'll get healthier and reduce greenhouse gases（减少温室气体）.
“Earth Day” is on April 22nd. Many people all over the world try to do something green on this Day. In Italy, people don't use plastic bags. In Canada and Norway, people ride bicycles and don't use their cars. In the USA, people dress up like plants and animals to dance in Times Square, New York.
“Buy Nothing Day” is usually on the fourth Friday in November. On this day many people don't buy anything. “Buy nothing" means "make no rubbish”. When you make less rubbish, you can make a cleaner earth.
Do you want to join them? Then you can remember these special days and do something green.
1. Many people don't eat any meat on "Meatout Day".| A．Right | B．Wrong | C．Doesn’t say |
| A．Right | B．Wrong | C．Doesn’t say |
| A．Right | B．Wrong | C．Doesn’t say |
| A．Right | B．Wrong | C．Doesn’t say |
| A．Right | B．Wrong | C．Doesn’t say |
Cleaning your plate may not help feed hungry children today, but the timeworn (陈旧的) advice of mothers everywhere may help reduce food waste from the farm to the fork and make it
7 . China published its official document on biodiversity conservation on Oct 8,2021. It said that China has achieved great results in biodiversity conservation.
In 2010, the China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (2011-2030) was published. Since then, China has been working for a better ecological environment through establishing and improving policies and laws, carrying out nationwide biodiversity surveys, and putting into place various programs and action plans for biodiversity conservation.
Protected areas
There are about 10,000 protected natural areas, covering 18 percent of total land area. The well-planned protected areas system has brought 90 percent of terrestrial (陆地的) ecosystem types and 71 percent of key state-protected wildlife species under effective protection.
Plants
China has contributed up to 10 percent of the new plant varieties identified worldwide in the past decade. In this period, the country identified about 200 new varieties of plants per year.
Wild animals
The habitats for wild animals in China have been expanding and their populations are growing. The population of giant pandas in the wild has grown from 1,114 to 1,864 over the past four decades. The crested ibis (朱鹮) population has increased from only seven to over 5,000.
Greenness
China was the largest contributor to the world’s gain in greenness between 2000 and 2017. The country contributed about 25 percent of global vegetation growth in the period and China’s forest coverage and forest reserve areas have both continued to expand for the last 30 years. The country has realized the largest growth in forest resources among all countries in the world.
1. In China’s efforts to protect biodiversity, the following elements are mentioned EXCEPT ________?| A．the habitats for wild animals |
| B．the accessible water resources |
| C．forest reserve areas and coverage |
| D．the well-planned protected areas system |
| A．China’s contribution to the world |
| B．Increasing protection for animals |
| C．China’s contribution to greenness |
| D．China’s efforts on biodiversity conservation |
| A．an academic paper | B．a student diary |
| C．China Daily | D．fashion magazine |
8 . It is reported that half the world’s forests have already been destroyed. This widespread destruction is due to deforestation (采伐森林). Deforestation is the removal of a forest or group of trees where the land is later transformed to a non-forest use. Cutting down trees is necessary for man’s survival. However, deforestation has a number of negative effects on the environment and needs to be controlled.
There are two main purposes for cutting down trees and one of them is to use the trees as resources. Essential items like paper, furniture and charcoal are all made from trees. Deforestation is also carried out to clear land for farming and to make room for roads and houses. As the population grows, more of the forest has to be cleared.
Although deforestation is necessary up to a point, it has some negative effects on the environment. Firstly, cutting down forests destroys animal habitats, leaving them with no place to live in. Deforestation also allows erosion to occur, which leaves the land easy to landslides and makes it difficult for plants to grow there. Finally, the removal of trees also worsens air pollution. Trees act as natural air filters that change carbon dioxide into oxygen. When they are removed, carbon dioxide can build up and pollute the atmosphere. Hence, it is obvious that deforestation harms the environment.
Due to the harm deforestation causes, it is necessary to control it. There are a number of ways to do this. One of them is to make better use of farming land. That means we do not need as much land for farming, and hence do not need to cut down so many trees. There must also be laws to limit deforestation and these laws must be enforced strictly. On top of that, reforestation must be carried out systematically. This method involves planting new trees and plants in areas where deforestation has occurred to replace what was destroyed.
To sum up, although deforestation must be carried out, it can harm the environment and must be controlled. Beyond a certain point, this damage to the environment cannot be fixed. Hence, we should do our best to make sure that the damage is never too great to fix.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．How people get farmland. |
| B．What trees mean to human beings. |
| C．Why people carry out deforestation. |
| D．What effect deforestation has on environment. |
| A．Homelessness. | B．Extinction. | C．Disease. | D．Wars. |
| A．By replacing new trees. | B．By banning deforestation. |
| C．By passing laws to limit farmland. | D．By making the best of farmland. |
| A．Carbon dioxide will pollute the atmosphere. |
| B．There will not be any forest left in the world. |
| C．The damage to the environment will be beyond repair. |
| D．People will have no trees as resources for essential items. |
9 . Space junk is just what it sounds like: Things that people don’t want or use anymore, just in space. In this case, it’s mostly deserted satellites, related equipment, and bits and pieces of both that have crashed into each other and created even more debris (残骸; 碎片).
“We launch many satellites we use for phone calls, TV signals scientific instruments, and so on,” says a professor at Louisiana State University, “When these satellites die and stop working, they become space junk.”
Space junk is out of sight. It’s unlikely that space junk would ever be a danger to us on Earth.
But cleanup isn’t enough.
In recent years, various space organizations have worked to reduce the amount of trash added to Earth’s orbit by carrying out better designs.
| A．But that’s not all. |
| B．Can space junk be cleaned up? |
| C．Space junk is badly needed to be cleaned up. |
| D．However, that doesn’t mean it’s not a problem. |
| E．Space junk in orbit is becoming more and more recently. |
| F．There also needs to be efforts to reduce the creation of more space junk. |
| G．There are about 2,000 live satellites and 3,000 failed ones, numbers growing per year. |
10 . Can plastic recycling reduce the import of oil? The United States Environmental Protection Agency says only seven percent of plastic waste in the United States is recycled each year. A new company in northern New York says it can increase that percentage. It also says it can help the United States reduce the amount of oil it imports.
The company has a machine called the “plastic-eating monster”. Every hour, thousands of kilograms of milk jugs, water bottles, and grocery bags are fed into the machine. The plastic waste comes from landfills across the United States.
John Bordynuik runs the company, called JBI Inc. Mr. Bordynuik has invented a new process of turning plastic into fuel. First, many different kinds of unwashed plastics are melted together. Mr. Bordynuik uses a special chemical to turn the fluid into a vapor. This reduces the plastic to its most basic elements. “Plastics are just long hydrocarbon chains. What we’re doing is re-forming them into links and chains that we want so they have a high fuel value.” Eight percent of the recycled plastic is used to run the system. Independent testers say eighty-six percent of what goes in comes out as fuel.
JBI produces several thousand liters of fuel a day. It creates different grades of fuel for different industries. It sells the fuel for up to one hundred dollars a barrel(桶). Each barrel costs about ten dollars to produce. John Bordynuik believes plastics will become an important source of fuel for the United States. He says this will reduce the country’s dependence on foreign oil and reduce the amount of plastic waste in its landfills.
Scientists say plastic-to-oil technology is still new and developing. They say it is not yet known if the process is environmentally friendly. And some question whether turning plastic into oil can even be considered “recycling”. Carson Maxted says because there is a lot of plastic waste and a great demand for oil, JBI’s recycling technology may create great changes in both industries. “So they’re getting value from something that would otherwise go to the landfill, things that wouldn’t be accepted into a recycling plant.”
1. What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about?| A．The formation of JBI. |
| B．The way to melt plastic. |
| C．The process of turning plastic into fuel. |
| D．The process of inventing the plastic-eating monster. |
| A．Critical. | B．Positive. |
| C．Negative. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Plastic-to-oil technology can reduce plastic waste. |
| B．Plastic-to-oil technology is getting value from the landfill. |
| C．Plastic-to-oil technology is considered to be recycling. |
| D．Plastic-to-oil technology is regarded as environmentally friendly. |
| A．By listing facts. | B．By analyzing causes. |
| C．By making comparison. | D．By providing an example. |
