增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
This summer, I paid a visit in my hometown. What made me really sad was that it had changed a lot of.
In the past, my hometown was very beautiful, with small river run through the village. Tall and straight trees, beautiful flowers or green grass could be seen everywhere. Nowadays, therefore, with the development of modern society, people are living a “happy” life. Many tall buildings are found on both sides of the river, but the river has been bad polluted as waste water runs directly into it and there are now few fishes swim in it. It was time to take measure to protect our living environment.
2 . As the population of the planet increases, so does the number of homes, business, parking lots, schools, airports and roadways. All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted. Humans demand light. They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets safe. The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well.
Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my own, lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive meteor shower(流星雨). If I did that today, I wouldn’t be able to see the meteor shower.
Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）pollution. One of the saddest parts of light pollution is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted. One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the lights shines upwards and lights the sky: a total waste of electricity.
Additionally, the production of electricity cr
eates pollution by releasing greenhouse gases. This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life.
Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife. Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings, as they become puzzled by the light. It has been long known that tiny baby sea turtles become lost and follow the light on the shore instead of heading towards the sea.
Fortunately, light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect. Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution.
1. According to the passage, the best way to deal with light pollution is to ______.| A．Reducing the output of lights |
| B．Educating people about light pollution |
| C．Avoiding the use of unnecessary lighting |
| D．Inventing environmentally-friendly lights |
| A．Astronauts can’t see clearly in space nowadays |
| B．Global warming results in light pollution in some way |
| C．We are almost at a loss how to deal with light pollution |
| D．Some animals use natural light to direct their movements. |
| A．Benefits of searching on Google |
| B．More bad effects of light pollution |
| C．Helpful tips for suffering the Internet |
| D．Ways to decrease light pollution |
1．危害：阻碍交通，危害健康
2．原因：空气污染
3．如何自我防护：雾霾天气早晚少开窗户；多吃水果补充维生素
注意：
1．词数120左右；
2．适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：雾霾haze 维生素vitamin
Recently haze pollution has happened in many cities of China. ______________________________________
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4 . The plan had been made to create a beautiful nature park with a large man-made lake on the outer parts of the city of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. However, thanks to a terrible trick played by nature, what the officials have ended up with, is a natural sandy mess!
The government wanted to create a beautiful place where people of this busy industrial city could come to relax. But things did not quite turn out that way---shortly after digging up thousands of tons of sand, the underground water dried up. As a result, the dry sand has changed into a Sahara-like desert. While official reports show that the sand is piled up to 10 meters high, some people say that it is ten times more or about a 100-feet high in certain areas.
If that is not bad enough, the sand hills that now spread across an area the size of four football fields, have influenced the environment. What’s worse is that on windy days, the dry sand moves into the city center, making it almost impossible to drive and forcing people to wear face masks and protective eyewear to prevent the sand from getting into their eyes, nose, and mouth.
In an act of trying to keep the sand and provide the illusion(幻想) of green fields, the officials have even tried covering it with a green plastic netting. However, that has not done much to improve the terrible situation!
As you can imagine, many of Zhengzhou’s residents are upset by the disaster. They think that desert wasteland that looks nothing like the green landscape they were promised, has resulted in polluting their pleasant city environment. Some think it is even stopping businessmen from coming to the city.
1. The author may agree that it is_________ to build a large man-made lake.| A．possible |
| B．impossible |
| C．great |
| D．interesting |
| A．the weather in Zhengzhou is too dry |
| B．there are enough trees in Zhengzhou |
| C．they haven’t finished digging the lake |
| D．there is no underground water |
| A．Light pollution. | B．Water pollution. |
| C．Air pollution. | D．Sound pollution. |
| A．Scary. | B．Small. |
| C．Helpful. | D．Great. |
5 . Climate change will increase US wildfires,and the smoky air will cause terrible problems in areas far beyond those burned,reports an environmental group Thursday.
Two-thirds of Americans,or nearly 212 million,lived in states suffering from wildfire smoke three years ago,according to the report by the Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC).These areas,which had smoke for at least a week,were nearly 50 times greater than those burned directly by fire.
“It affects a much wide area of the United States than people have realized.” says author Kim Knowlton,a Columbia University health professor,adding the smoke can move up to hundreds of miles.She says the smoke contains air pollution and can cause several kinds of diseases.
Texas was hit hardest in 2011,when smoke stayed for at least a week in areas that are home to 25 million people,according to NRDC’s report.Illinois,which recorded no wildfires within its borders, came second with nearly 12 million people affected by smoke that moved in from elsewhere.The other eight states with the most people in touch with smoky air were,in descending order: Florida,Missouri,Georgia,Louisiana,Michigan,Alabama,Oklahoma and Iowa.
Nearly two dozen states had no wildfires within their borders in 2011,but eight of them still had at least one week of smoky air: Illinois,Missouri，Iowa,Kansas,Nebraska,Indiana,Wisconsin and Ohio.
Only 18 states and the District of Columbia had no people in touch with at least a week of smoke that year,although five of them—Alaska,California,Hawaii,Nevada and Utah—had a large area burned by wildfires.
The problem will only get worse.Knowlton says.Scientific research shows climate is causing higher temperatures and health problems.
1. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_______.| A．climate change killed many Americans |
| B．there are fewer states burned by wildfires |
| C．every state had wildfire smoke for at least a week |
| D．most Americans suffered from wildfire smoke 3 year ago |
| A．Iowa. | B．Kansas. |
| C．Ohio. | D．California. |
| A．going down | B．coming true |
| C．looking practical | D．turning back |
| A．Climate change causes more wildfires. |
| B．Wildfire smoke becomes a serious health problem. |
| C．More wildfires cause climate changes. |
| D．Air pollution becomes a terrible problem. |
A new report launched by Beijing authorities on the morning of February 24 indicates that the concentration of PM 2.5 has risen, with no sign of decreasing, the orange warning will still be in effect, according to Xinhua News Agency.
According to data released by the Beijing Tourism Website, by 2:00 pm, February 24, popular tourist attractions including The Great Wall and Palace Museum had been affected by the smog in terms of tourist numbers.
As for the Palace Museum, the number of visitors was only 11,200 that day, far from the figure of 40,000, which is the daily average number of visitors it normally receives.
There were a few visitors in Beihai Park on the morning of February 24, and two visitors from Hebei province planned to end their morning tour earlier than scheduled because of the smog. One of them said, “The visibility is so poor that we can’t take good photos, or even see clearly. We’d better leave early.”
In response to worsening air conditions, travel agencies have also taken some measures to avoid a further decline in tourist numbers. An employee with China Youth Travel Service, Wang Tao, said the agency will inform tourists of the weather conditions at their destinations. A tour guide with China Travel Service also told the media that it was a tour guide’s duty to inform foreign visitors of the smog conditions in Beijing, and the agency will provide free face masks to those in need. But efforts to do so merely treat the symptom rather than the disease itself, because the root cause is air pollution. China will introduce various emergency responses and long-term measures against air pollution. Officials and experts called for combined efforts by governments, industries and the public to cooperate more efficiently and to jointly solve the problem.
1. In the following statements, which one is NOT TRUE?
| A．The tourism in Beijing was influenced by the hazy weather. |
| B．Both the Great Wall and Palace Museum had been affected by the smog. |
| C．The concentration of PM 2.5 has risen, but it will decrease soon. |
| D．According to the data released by the Beijing Tourism Website, we can know the information. |
| A．About 11,200. | B．About 78,400. |
| C．About 40,000. | D．About 280,000. |
| A．take some measures of treating the symptom merely |
| B．unite the power of governments, industries and the public |
| C．provide free face masks to those in need |
| D．inform tourists of the weather conditions at their destinations |
| A．These efforts could treat the symptom and the disease. |
| B．Treating the symptom is more important than the disease. |
| C．These efforts are not enough to solve the problem thoroughly. |
| D．These efforts couldn’t treat the disease, so they are unnecessary. |
Apparently, we are safe neither at home nor in the business office. We use water in both places, but the research shows that chemicals added to our local water supply to kill harmful bacteria can have unwanted side effects. These chemicals can cause potential harm through drinking and in seemingly harmless activities as cleaning one’s house. They are released(set free)from water by daily actions like water running out of tap, spraying from garden pipes，or splashing in dishwashers and washing machines. As the water is moving, these chemicals are released into the air and then breathed in. Once inside our bodies, they start to affect our health.
Does this mean we should stop bathing? No, say the scientists, but we should put all pollution into perspective. Activities at home such as the burning of coal, cooking oil, or even candles release carbon monoxide and particulates such as cigarette ashes which have been proven as harmful to health as working or living near heavy traffic. New tugs, bedding, and even clothing give off that “new smell,” which is a sure sign of chemicals. In the office, newly applied paint, newly purchased telephones and other telecommunications equipment, and computers release polluting chemicals, too. As offices and homes often have inadequate ventilation (通风), these chemicals can build up to become health problems. Their poisonous effects are only now being slowly recognized.
These facts suggest that, at a minimum, proper airing of newly purchased goods with an obvious chemical smell is a wise warning. Home and office windows should be opened during good weather. Even one’s car needs to be ventilated as well while in the garage.
We need further research to understand better other potential health dangers, too. For example, the effects of overcrowding of schools (carbon dioxide build-up), the factory work environment (an endless list of potentially dangerous substances), and even home heating and cooling (the air conditioner may be our enemies, not our friends) have only recently started to come to light. Until we understand the effects of our new technological environment better, we can only hope that “there is no place like home.”
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
| A．The air we breathe in is harmful. |
| B．The water in everyday use is unsafe. |
| C．Chemicals are added to the drinking water. |
| D．Chemicals are released in the running water. |
| A．bathing should be done with caution |
| B．homes and offices should be aired often |
| C．any pollution should be taken into consideration |
| D．we should prevent any pollution from doing harm to us |
| A．To call on us to guard our water |
| B．To show us that no place is like home. |
| C．To make us aware of the pollution around us. |
| D．To argue that neither homes nor offices are safe. |
8 . Damage to Ozone layer Gets Worse
In the middle of winter, when snow is falling in many parts of the United States, scientists have sounded a warning to people who plan to spend many hours in the sun this summer. The warning is: The sun’s summertime rays are more dangerous than once thought.
A team of scientists from 80 nations recently reported to the United Nations that a layer of ozone (臭氧层) in the atmosphere, which protects humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation, will be thinner over the United States this summer. The thinner layer allows more ultraviolet rays from the sun to reach Earth. The extra amount of ultraviolet radiation could cause an increase in the number of cases of skin cancer.
Scientists first became concerned about the ozone layer in the mid-1980s when a hole was discovered in the layer above Antarctica during the winter. The hole was caused by chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners. When these chemicals are sent out into the atmosphere, they produce gases that destroy the ozone.
Concern about the protective ozone layer rose more recently when data (数据) from satellites and ground stations showed that ozone levels were dropping over areas other than Antarctica. Low ozone levels were recorded in the spring and summer over the United States and over other populated areas in the world.
Although many countries have already begun stopping the use of ozone destroying chemicals, the new findings are expected to advance the timetable for a total ban (禁止) of the chemicals.
1. The scientists have observed the ozone layer ________.| A．since 1980 | B．since last winter |
| C．for more than 30 years | D．for about one year |
| A．do a lot of good to human beings in many ways |
| B．protect humans from diseases caused by bad weather |
| C．do a lot of harm to human beings in the summer-time |
| D．protect humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation |
| A．above Arctic during the winter in the mid-1980s |
| B．above Antarctica during the winter in the mid-1980s |
| C．over somewhere in the north of the equator in 1980 |
| D．over the U.S.A in the summertime in the mid-1980s |
| A．the changeable weather |
| B．ozone-destroying chemicals |
| C．chemicals from refrigerators |
| D．chemicals from air conditioners |
9 . As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight, Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms（生物体）to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realize what is happening.
Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage（污水）and industrial waste . As more detergent（洗涤剂）is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas . Detergents harm water birds, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers water - proof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead（铅）.
So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water . It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.
1. Pollution of water is noticed________.| A．when the first organisms are affected |
| B．when a good many fish and birds die |
| C．when poisonous things are poured into water |
| D．as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed |
| A．water | B．fish |
| C．poison | D．oxygen |
| A．Organisms |
| B．Plants and plankton in the water |
| C．Waste water from cities |
| D．Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water. |
| A．realize the serious situation clearly |
| B．put oxygen into the river |
| C．make the waste material harmless before flowing into the water |
| D．make special room in the sea for our rubbish |
10 . A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.
Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.
The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics.
But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.
| A．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use. |
| B．But people can make a big difference. |
| C．Plastics should be gathered together and reused.. |
| D．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life. |
| E．Then, fish may eat the plastics. |
| F．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation. |
| G．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters |
