1 . Almost half a billion small, cheap electrical everyday items from headphones to handheld fans ended up in landfill in the UK in the past year, according to research.
The not-for-profit organization Material Focus, which conducted the research, said the scale of the issue was huge and they wanted to encourage more recycling.
More than half a billion cheaply priced electronic goods were bought in the UK in the past year alone - 16 per second. Material Focus findings showed that of these items, 471m were thrown away. This included 260m disposable vapes, 26m cables, 29m LED, solar and decorative lights, 9.8m USB sticks, and 4.8m miniature fans.
Scott Butler, executive director at Material Focus, described it as “fast tech“. He said, “People should think carefully about buying some of the more frivolous items in the first place.” He said the items people bought were often “cheap and small”, and that consumers may not realize they contain valuable materials that could be salvaged if recycled.
Small electricals can contain precious materials including copper, lithium and stainless steel. These components can be recycled and used in wind turbines, medical devices and electric vehicles. Material Focus said that while people were used to the idea of recycling larger electrical items such as fridges, lots of smaller devices were left unused in houses.
Butler said, “We want to get the message across that anything with a plug, battery or cable can be recycled and there’s somewhere near you to do it. The scale of the issue is huge, but there’s an easy solution-just as the trend for recycling and repurposing fashion has grown and grown, we want to encourage the nation to recycle fast tech, guilt-free and fuss-free.”
Material Focus said that when consumers bought a cheap item, they saw it as disposable. They estimate that UK citizens spent more than f2.8bn on these cheap products in the past year. The non-profit group described it as“the tip of the iceberg”when it comes to the growing issue of wasted electricals in the UK. More than 100,000 tonnes of waste electricals are thrown away every year, and there are 880m electrical items of all kinds lying unused in UK homes.
1. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The research was carried out by the authorities to encourage recycling |
B.Cheaply priced electronic goods are easy to be thrown away around the world |
C.Disposable vapes made up the majority of cheap electrical goods that ended up in landfill |
D.British people are inclined to buy cheap electrical goods |
A.Cheap items don’t deserve consumer’s careful use |
B.Valuable materials can be found in these cheap and small electrical goods |
C.Low-quality electrical goods are easy to be recycled |
D.Consumers should stop buying these “fast tech”in the first place |
A.They’d better recycle small devices as well as larger ones |
B.They’d better set up somewhere near them to do the recycling |
C.They’d better catch the trend of disposing small and cheap items |
D.They’d better spread the idea of “fast tech” |
A.Tons of small and cheap electrical items are thrown away |
B.Lcgal efforts should be made to ban small electrical items |
C.“Fast Tech”-the future generation |
D.Recycling valuable materials from electronics is urgent |
2 . When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose grand contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln,Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people,struggling in a typical existence?
There is an important element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. This element is defined as EA (experiential appreciation) by Joshua Hicks, a psychological professor at Texas A &M University.
Recently, he and his research team set out to figure out whether EA was related to a person’s sense of meaning in a series of studies that involved more than 3,000 participants. At an initial test, researchers had participants rate their agreement of different coping strategies to relieve their stress. They found people who managed stress by focusing on their appreciation for life’s beauty also reported experiencing life as highly meaningful.
Researchers then conducted a series of experiments, in which they gave participants specific tasks and, once more, asked them to report how strongly they identified with statements linked to purpose, etc. In one case, participants who watched an awe-inspiring video reported having a greater sense of EA and meaning in life, compared with those who watched more neutral videos. After reflecting on the results collected from the participants, researchers confirmed their original theory.
But applying that insight can be difficult.Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. We are on the go, and we attempt to maximize output both at work and at leisure.
This focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life.
1. Why are the butterfly and the scenery on a hill mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To introduce a concept. |
B.To attract readers’ interest. |
C.To demonstrate the beauty of nature. |
D.To show the necessity of protecting nature. |
A.By designing different strategies to reduce stress |
B.By studying previous research data. |
C.By shooting videos starring the participants. |
D.By analyzing the response from the participants. |
A.A person who always gets her life well-organized. |
B.A person who often hears motivating speeches. |
C.A person who leads a fast-paced life |
D.A person who always expects future results. |
A.No pains, no gains. |
B.Those who believe in their ability can do anything. |
C.Live your life one day at a time. |
D.Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. |
3 . With the development of AI technology, many people are debating the boundary between robot and man -- Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace humans? By contrast, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become machines”.
The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand -- the intelligent distribution system. “In order to make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think; they just have to follow the guide of the system to fulfill their tasks. All they have to do is riding as fast as they can. The navigation system charts the “best route” for these riders to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road, which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of “system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”. It only sees a moving cartoon image on the software interface.
The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud data of the platform, and the algorithm will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up appropriately. This is really a vicious circle.
Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them. Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.
1. According to the passage, what can we learn about the application of technology?A.Robots have become more intelligent and taken the place of humans. |
B.AI technology is accelerating takeout riders with navigation system. |
C.The navigation system has mapped out the perfect route for these riders. |
D.Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather. |
A.A cartoon character accompanies every takeout rider when they perform their tasks. |
B.Takeout riders only see a moving cartoon when they use the phone navigation system. |
C.The navigation system ignores the real-time environment when it charts the “best routes”. |
D.Takeout riders can’t be seen on the software interface when they navigate with their phone. |
A.Supportive | B.Doubtful | C.Negative | D.Cautious |
A.To call for kind application of technology in daily life |
B.To introduce the rapid development of Takeout industry |
C.To explain the relationship between technology and humans |
D.To praise the contributions of technology to Takeout industry |
4 . Businesses are now in cost-cutting mode. Title inflation (头衔通胀) has crept into the workplace. Layoffs, hiring freezes and concerns about a recession (经济衰退) are plaguing employers.
To balance this unique economic environment, employers have figured out a way to comfort employees and job applicants without spending more money. They are offering impressive titles to soften the blow of not providing a raise to internal employees or big compensation to job candidates.
An employee’s title is their identity. It gives them credibility in the office and makes them feel more powerful. In this sense, the policy is a sensible way to help keep staff and attract top candidates.
But if you don’t really deserve the new title, it could come back and trouble you. Recruiters will be pleased to find a candidate who is a pe rfect fit for a significant, well-paying position in terms of skills, background, and previous experience. However, a stumbling block arises when they notice the candidate has a higher title than the client offers. Since a recruiter wants to make a placement and earn a fee, they won’t waste time and will seek out other candidates who are a better fit.
Even if the recruiters decide to contact the candidate, there’s a good chance the candidate won’t accept. Because most people aren’t aware that their title was inflated and believe it was a reward for their outstanding performance. Understandably, they would be offended if they received a lower-level post. Now that you are at a certain level, you don’t want to go backward.
What’s more, if your current title is too high, it raises red flags. For example, when searching for a new job, if your title is “director,” but the new role is under that level, the interviewer will curiously inquire, “why do you want to go down in title?” There will be an assumption from the hiring manager that something isn’t right. They may feel that the job seeker is leaving before being fired and willing to downgrade. Rather than trying to figure out the motivations of the candidate, they’ll move on to others who have a cleaner story without any baggage.
1. What does the underlined word “plaguing” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Shocking. | B.Embarrassing. | C.Troubling. | D.Confusing. |
A.They tend to look down upon others. |
B.Their salaries don’t match their titles. |
C.Their fear of being fired will disappear. |
D.They get a good platform for development. |
A.Have a discussion with the client. |
B.Contact the job applicant immediately. |
C.Exclude the candidate from consideration. |
D.Gather more information about the candidate. |
A.Enthusiastic. | B.Dismissive. | C.Appreciative. | D.Doubtful. |
In one club in Beijing, for example, players enter into a fictional martial arts school
The whodunits may be imaginary,
The games also provide free-flowing opportunities for young people to get together, something
6 . It was something rather irregular at an otherwise regular board of appeals meeting in Maine. A resident wanted a permission for not observing the no-chicken rule. But this wasn’t just any resident. It was C-Jay Martin, 25, who is blind and has epilepsy (癫痫) and autism. Chickens are what brought C-Jay joy despite his challenges. “Having something to share with other people was important to him,” said his mother, Amy Martin.
But Bangor is not OK with chickens. In fact, city rules clearly prohibit residents from keeping “fowl, goats, sheep, cattle or swine of any kind” and the municipal government urges the residents to obey the rules strictly. So, would the staid New England city of 31,000 make an exception for C-Jay and his emotional support hens?
It was with high hopes that Martin headed to the otherwise ordinary municipal meeting earlier this month. She told the appeals board she got the chickens in April after researching the Fair Housing Act, which prohibits discrimination in housing by landlords or municipalities, and finding it might allow her son an accommodation.
She was joined by neighbors and community members who showed up to support C-Jay and his chickens. One noted C-Jay regularly assumes the responsibility of feeding the chickens, despite his disabilities. Another said their cooing and soft noises are clearly a comfort to C-Jay. Others said Martin and C-Jay keep the chickens’ area in their yard very clean.
But there were some complaints. Some raised concerns about whether the presence of the chickens could attract rodents (齿类动物), and didn’t want an exception for C-Jay to open the door for others to keep banned animals.
City officials, seeming to side with C-Jay and his flock, assured attendees that no increased rodent activity would not be tolerated and any livestock permission would only apply to C-Jay Martin at his house.
In the end, it reached a consensus: the appeals board ruled that C-Jay had a need for the chickens. He would be allowed to keep them, although limits on the number were set, and noisy roosters prohibited.
Martin said her son is relieved and that his beloved chickens will stay. “When he’s sitting outside listening to an audiobook, or just hanging out in the backyard with the sun shining, he always knows where they are because he can hear them,” she said. “He’s never really alone.”
1. What was something “irregular” happening at a board of appeals meeting in Maine?A.Residents there were prohibited from raising animals of some animals at home. |
B.A special resident there wanted to keep chickens despite a no-chicken rule. |
C.Physically disadvantaged groups there were under huge discrimination. |
D.Disabled children didn’t want to share their animals with other people. |
A.United. | B.Civilized. | C.Rigid. | D.Remote. |
A.It is legal to raise the flocks in the whole community. |
B.C-Jay with disabilities was unable to care for the chickens |
C.C-Jay obtained emotional support from his own flocks. |
D.Banned animals are more likely to be tended in Maine. |
A.Healthcare. | B.Society. | C.Amusement. | D.Politics. |
7 . In recent years, China has witnessed the growth of luxury (奢侈品) brands. In this market, Chinese consumers are now the largest spenders. It’s clear that a new generation of young, materialistic people is increasingly relying on luxury brands to improve its self-image. I am a fashionist too, at least in spirit — I love to look at clothes and shoes. But I don’t understand why people spend lots of money on designer labels. When a young woman buys a handbag that costs two months of her salary, that’s a scary thing.
What’s interesting is that scientists have found that having luxury things doesn’t lead to happiness. Study after study has shown that although we want material things, when we get them we don’t suddenly become “happy” people. In fact, a series of studies by Leaf Van Boven at the University of Colorado, US, has shown that individuals who spend money on travel and similar experiences get more pleasure than those who invest it in material things. That’s because experiences are more easily combined with a person’s identity. If I travel to Yunnan, that adventure affects how I think in the future. My memories become a part of me.
Moreover, as Van Boven has observed, young people who pursue happiness through “things” are liked less by their peers. People prefer those who pursue happiness through experiences.
It’s natural to want to express yourself through your appearance. So my advice is: create a look that isn’t tied to a designer label. Convey your own message. Take some lessons from the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, routinely appears in hoodies and sneakers. These people, successful people, have style. You don’t have to break the bank to send a message about who you are. Take a trip. Go out into the world. Then come back and confidently create your own signature look.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?A.The author enjoys buying luxury brands herself. |
B.The author agrees to overspend money on material things. |
C.The author is critical of youths tying their looks to designer labels. |
D.The author finds it natural for fashionists to follow fashion trends. |
A.people dislike those who love luxuries |
B.traveling changes a person’s identity greatly |
C.luxuries have a negative effect on people’s happiness |
D.experiences can bring people more happiness than luxuries |
A.Be selective about designer labels. | B.Create your own personal unique style. |
C.Choose simple and fashionable styles. | D.Try styles like Mark Zuckerberg’s. |
A.prove how luxury leads to an unpleasant life |
B.tell how to express yourself through appearances |
C.report on a series of studies about luxuries and happiness |
D.persuade readers to invest in experiences instead of luxuries |
8 . You’re passed over for a job. Your back aches. Faced with difficulties large and small, you wonder if you’re an unlucky person. We turned to experts to understand why we believe in luck and how we can have that belief to make changes in our attitude towards life.
Richard Wiseman, a psychology professor, doesn’t believe there’s anything magical about luck — it won’t help you or hurt you. “On the other hand, considering yourself lucky or unlucky is a way of seeing yourself, which has an impact on how you behave and how you think, and becomes a self-fulfilling anticipation,” he says. “So, in a sense, it absolutely does exist.”
The sociology lecturer Vik Loveday interviewed academic employees who were on temporary contracts, an uncertain situation that caused anxiety. In general, when one of these academics learned about good news concerning their careers, such as getting a permanent job, they would attribute it to luck. Because they felt they had so little control, a move in a positive direction happened almost by accident, rather than as the result of hard work.
In a 2021 study, Professor Woolley has looked at this idea in children and adulthood. For example, basketball player Michael Jordan would wear his college practice shorts under his National Basketball Association uniform for good luck. “Obviously, it’s that the superstitious (迷信的) custom gives him confidence and then he plays better,” Woolley says.
Is it possible to change your attitude towards luck to get better outcomes? Wiseman believes some steps can improve your luck. He has found “lucky people not only maximize opportunities and know where they’re heading, but often they change course depending on how the wind is going”. Lucky people can also transform bad experiences to good. Specifically, you can shift your focus towards the positive by keeping a “luck diary”. Also don’t be a creature of habit. Watch a different TV program, speak to different people — even small shifts can be effective.
1. What does Wiseman say about luck in paragraph 2?A.It might be wise to try one’s luck. |
B.Luck is a magical force to control us. |
C.The belief in luck influences our behavior. |
D.People’s well-being is determined by luck. |
A.Confirming Loveday’s study. |
B.Showing luck exists in real life. |
C.Disapproving Woolley’s research. |
D.Comparing different lucks in sports. |
A.Getting into a routine. | B.Sticking to a goal firmly. |
C.Setting down terrible things. | D.Making changes flexibly. |
A.Less Anxiety, More Luck |
B.Good or Bad Luck? Up to You |
C.One Can Stay Lucky Through Life |
D.Genius — the Mother of Good Luck |
9 . After the season for giving, it is the one for throwing away. Each year in late December and early January a massive amount of plastic packaging is discarded worldwide. In Britain alone households generate 30% more waste, an extra 3m tonnes, in the month over Christmas. Most is destined for landfill. Sweden will do less damage than many, though. The country now recycles at a record level. Almost three-quarters (74%) of plastic packaging waste was recycled there in 2021, the highest proportion in Europe.
Much of Sweden’s success is due to a deposit refund scheme. Customers pay €0.10 extra when buying drinks containers. After use, these can be fed into reverse vending machines installed in shops, which spit the deposit back out. The machines’ contents are sent directly to recycling centres. By the end of 2021, 92% of all bottles and cans sold in Sweden were being returned. The overall plastic packaging recycling rate increased by almost 20%.
The Swedish government says the scheme has aroused a potential enthusiasm for recycling in its citizens. Nearly 90% of Swedes have used the machines at least once. However, Swedes do not generally describe themselves as eco-fighters. A 2021 survey by the European Commission found they were less likely than most other Europeans to regard environmental issues as “very important”.
The eagerness of Swedish recyclers may stem not from a love of the Earth but from a low net worth. A tenth of the population get by on less than €245 a month. In big cities it is common to see people scooping recyclable items out of bins to take to the machines.
Less litter and money for people who need it seems like a win-win. But it might not in fact be best for the environment in the long run. In Germany—where a similar, widely used refund deposit scheme has been in place since 2003—the earnings from keeping the deposits from unreturned bottles seem to have discouraged producers from switching to more sustainable packaging.
1. What might most Swedish customers do under the deposit refund scheme?A.They send their drinks containers directly to recycling centres. |
B.They spend more on drinks than other European customers. |
C.They return their used drinks containers. |
D.They use vending machines to buy drinks. |
A.Sweden beat many countries in plastic recycling. |
B.Swedes had low environmental awareness. |
C.Swedes made much money from recycling. |
D.Sweden had an unequal income distribution. |
A.Positive. | B.Uninterested. | C.Ambiguous. | D.Unfavourable. |
A.Why Swedes cash in on their trash. |
B.How waste turns into treasure in Sweden. |
C.Who are recycling plastic bottles in Sweden. |
D.Where Swedes throw away their plastic packaging. |
10 . Since the early to mid-2010s, social media apps have made a permanent home in many people’s phones, and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily activity as drinking water. Since so many people are on it for much of their days — especially kids, teens, and young adults — there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people.
Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case. It is fair to say that the teenage years are hard, and that teens need an escape. Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new tuck-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change.
For example, many believe that everything on social media apps is filtered (加滤镜) and that seeing perfect people and their perfectly edited lives often leads to lots of negative emotions. However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. Social media is hot to blame for body confidence issues when the things people want to look like aren’t even real in the first place.
It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. However, not everyone is addicted to social media; people who have any grasp on reality wouldn’t spend every waking second on the phone. It is really up to the individual how they use social media. Keeping up with the flood of posts, stories, and photos takes a lot of time — many young people admit that they spend hours on their phones every day. Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media.
1. Why does the author mention “rock-and-roll” in Paragraph 2?A.To predict the future of social media. |
B.To underline the advantages of social media. |
C.To analyze why social media is so popular today. |
D.To explain why social media is regarded as negative. |
A.Disturbing. | B.Understandable. | C.Intolerable. | D.Innovative. |
A.Make the best use of it. |
B.Completely stay away from it. |
C.Prohibit young people from using it. |
D.Spend reasonable amounts of time on it. |
A.What makes us so addicted to social media? |
B.Why is social media so popular among teenagers? |
C.Should we depend on social media for information? |
D.Is it right to blame social media for all the problems? |