2 . The Global Food Donation Policy Atlas has issued a recent report in order to recommend ways to increase food donations, reduce food waste, and fight hunger, which may help Kenyan leaders meet 2030 food waste reduction goals.

Food donation can reroute eatable food—that would otherwise give off greenhouse gasses in a landfill—to those experiencing hunger. According to the Famine Early Warning Systems Network, 3.5 million Kenyans, roughly 37 percent of the population, face severe hunger. At the same time, the Policy Atlas reports roughly 40 percent of food produced within Kenya goes to waste. But Broad Leib, Deputy Director of Harvard Law School Food Law and Policy Clinic (FLPC), sees some promising changes. “While progress is not happening as quickly as needed, Kenya’s food loss index has been steadily reduced from 1,744 metric tons in 2017, to 1,531 in 2018, to 1,446 metric tons in 2019, indicating a steady improvement and national commitment to food loss reduction,” reports Broad Leib.

According to the Policy Atlas, motivating food donation with rewards is particularly important, which helps food donors and food recovery organizations make up for costs necessary for recovery, storing, processing, and transporting food for donation.

“A major driver of food waste is inconsistent or unclear date labels that cause confusion among all actors along the value chain and limit the ability of businesses to donate food. This increases the likelihood that much safe food will go to waste,” Broad Leib tells Food Tank. However, he acknowledges Kenya’s current dual (双的) date labeling laws. While food may lose its freshness over time, it is still eatable before expiration (到期). Dual date labeling on packaged foods reduces bewilderment by defining dates for both safety and quality. This helps reduce considerable waste and responsibility for donors.

Broad Leib believes that the private sector can also play a significant role in decreasing food waste in Kenya. It is vital for consumer education campaigns. FLPC’s research shows that public-private initiatives can help raise awareness among consumers and donors around issues of food waste and food donation.

1. What changes does Broad Leib see?

A．People in Kenya no longer suffer hunger.

B．Kenya has gradually reduced its food waste.

C．Kenya is not committed to reducing food loss.

D．Progress in reducing food waste is happening quickly.

2. What does the underlined word “bewilderment” mean in Paragraph 4?

A．Sadness.

B．Convenience.

C．Confusion.

D．Emotion.

3. How can Kenya reduce food waste according to Broad Leib?

A．By increasing storehouses.

B．By fighting hunger with rewards.

C．By reducing food produced within the country.

D．By using double date labeling on packaged food.

4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Consumer education campaigns are the most important.

B．Only the private sector is helpful in reducing food waste.

C．Private and public joint efforts matter around food issues.

D．Broad Leib doesn’t agree with FLPC on food waste reduction.

3 . Smoking is even a tradition in Chinese celebrations. At my wedding, we handed out the traditional candies to people who came. I had said to my wife, Ellen, that handing out packets of cigarettes was wrong, as it just encouraged people to continue a deadly habit. “But it’s traditional,” she replied, “People would think we were mean if we don’t!”

Over the years I’ve been given cigarettes as gifts and have always handed them straight back. This might make me look ungrateful in Chinese eyes, but I can’t understand the logic behind handing someone a gift that will cause them to smell terrible, have awful breath, and even worse, kill them.

This year the university I work at has taken the bold step of making the entire campus “smoke free”. As my students are either doctors doing postgraduates studies, or medical students on their way to being doctors, I thought they would be in favor of such a move, but I was wrong. Many of them have complained to me that they see this as depriving them of their civil rights and that they should be allowed to smoke when and where they like.

When I pointed out to them that cigarettes do harm not only to those smoking themselves, but even to those breathing in second hand smoke, the argument was dismissed with a wave. “Those studies aren’t conclusive”, one doctor replied. “Besides, my grandmother told me that smoking is manly.” Tempting(诱人的) as it was to ask if she was also a doctor, I let the argument go and went off in search of some fresh air.

1. Which of the following is a consequence of smoking according to the author?

A．It will leave you breathless.	B．People believe you are mean.
C．People think you are ungrateful.	D．It will make your smell unpleasant.

2. What attitude do many of the author’s students have towards the entire campus “smoke free”?

A．Objective.

B．Unconcerned.

C．Negative.

D．Positive.

3. What does the underlined word “depriving” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Robbing.

B．Accusing.

C．Informing.

D．Reminding.

4. In which column of a newspaper is this text probably found?

A．Technology.

B．Entertainment.

C．Art.

D．Life.

4 . We always hear that texting, which refers to the communicative practice of sending brief messages on cell phones or other personal digital devices, is a disaster. The idea is that texting leads to the fall of writing ability among young people because it is full of informal language. As a matter of fact, it isn’t true. In order to see that texting is actually a whole new way of writing that young people are developing, we have to look at what language really is.

Basically, if we think about language, it has existed(存在)for centuries, and it appears as speech. W. talked. That’s what we’re probably genetically determined. That’s how we use language most. Writing is something that came along much later. But writing has its advantage, When you write, you can make the content smooth, colorful and elegant with language, which is much less likely if you’re just talking. It is because writing is a conscious(有意识的)process and you can look backwards.

Informal speech is something quite different. Linguists have actually shown that when we’re speaking informally in an unmonitored way, we tend to speak in words 7 to 10 as a group. You’ll notice this if you ever have an occasion for recording yourself or a group of people talking. That’s what speech is like. Speech is much looser and less reflective(反思的)-very different from writing.

Texting is a new way of writing, because texters use writing skills before texting. People will process information in more creative uses of language during texting. When they use informal language in their texts, many understand there are different communicative situations. They try shortening language for correct spelling of a word or a phrase. Texting also allows texters much time to form their thoughts and provides many opportunities for them to revise their ideas Moreover, texting positively exercises texters’ rhetorical(修醇的)skills. Since texts are written in various styles, people must know how to match the style of a text with its message.

Now we have an overall understanding of texting.

1. How does writing differ from speech?

A．It came before talking.	B．It is an unconscious process.
C．Its style is less strict.	D．It can be improved again and again.

2. What does the underlined word “looser” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Stricter.

B．Richer.

C．Freer.

D．Harder.

3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．What is speech exactly.

B．How texters learn to write.

C．How texters send message successfully.

D．The relationship between writing and texting.

4. Which statement about texting does the author agree with?

A．It is another form of writing.	B．It is less reflective.
C．It is the same as speaking.	D．It is a disaster.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Society is changing at a rapidly increasing rate in this present-day age. This speed of change     1     (believe) to be creating a direct impact on our mental as well as physical health in our life.

Society observes the rules of nature and law and is changing to be     2     (good) than before. It is reasonable as the survival of the fittest is the need of the development of the time. For instance, an     3     (employ) working in a company is unable     4     (deal) with working overtime while the rest of his fellow workers are not only ready but are very     5     (excite) to work and acquire new skills and abilities, then it is a matter of concern for that person as he will be left behind in the race of progression (发展). This instance describes     6     clear picture of how important it is to keep up with the rapid development of society.

Despite the professional satisfaction associated with rapid changing, the idea     7     it brings any other kind of satisfaction is false. Some statistics have shown that the percentage of people getting ill due     8     workload pressure and continuous changes has increased from 5% in 1995 to 50% in 2020.

In a word, it is     9     (necessarily) to keep a good balance between catching up with the pace of social development and     10     (maintain) a healthy lifestyle.

6 . Be it sugar or social media, the response in our brain is the same: It produces a “feel-good” chemical called dopamine. It first brings about pleasure, but it doesn’t last very long. It is then followed by pain so that we have to search for the pleasurable things again.

“This cycle of pleasure and pain made sense in the time of early humans when we had to constantly search for our basic needs-food, water, shelter,” says Dr. Anna Lembke, a Stanford Medical School researcher. “But our brains weren’t adjusted to put out the ‘fire of dopamine’ caused by pleasurable things that are so easily available in modern life.”

In addition, when we’re repeatedly exposed to pleasure-producing things, we’re not able to take joy in the same rewards. Instead, we need stronger and stronger stimulus (刺激) just to feel good. Otherwise, the cycle will lead us to anxiety, depression and many other problems.

“This is a universal problem—not one limited to those struggling with the disease of addiction. If we want to stay mentally healthy, we must rethink how to break the cycle in a dopamine-overloaded world,” says Lembke.

Her suggestions for the addicts?

Take a 30-day break from anything that we rely on for pleasure. This doesn’t mean going cold turkey forever. But this first month is key to breaking the pleasure-pain cycle and it’s a lot easier to cut out an addictive behavior entirely at first. Then re-introduce the pleasurable things little by little, like just a few bites of ice cream at a time or just one hour online a night.

Another strategy is to create physical distance between us and our addiction. That could mean just removing the addictive thing from our personal space. For someone who’s addicted to video games, that could mean a separate laptop for work and one for play.

“In a time of abundance, we have to strike a pleasure-pain balance, which means intentionally avoiding pleasure and seeking the kind of purposeful pain that keeps us healthy, such as exercise,” Lembke says. “By doing so, we will reset reward pathways and eventually be a lot happier. It’s not easy, but it’s well worth doing in the long term.”

1. What can we learn about dopamine from the text?

A．It has always been harmful to humans.

B．It gives us less joy for the same rewards.

C．It can be caused by anything available.

D．It can lead to a lasting good feeling.

2. What do the underlined words “going cold turkey” probably mean?

A．Abandoning.

B．Waiting.

C．Cooking.

D．Repeating.

3. What does Dr. Anna Lembke suggest we do in the long term?

A．Avoid pleasure in life.

B．Set a strict limit on pleasurable things.

C．Change reward pathways.

D．Expose ourselves to repeated rewards.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Ways to Live With Dopamine in Peace

B．Tips on Getting Rid of Social Media Addiction

C．Strategies for Making Most of the Modern Life

D．The Need to Strike a Pleasure-pain Balance

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In “Squid Game”, a nine- episode series shown on Netflix, 456 people    1    (face) severe debt and financial crisis play a series of deadly children’s games    2    ( win) a $38 million cash prize in South Korea.

“Squid Game” is now the top- ranked show in the United States on Netflix and is on its way    3    becoming one of the most-watched shows in the streaming service’s history. Like “The Hunger Games” books and movies, “Squid Game” holds its audience with its violent tone, cynical(愤世嫉俗的) plot and a    4    (willing)to kill off fan-favorite characters.

South Korea boomed in the postwar era, making it one of the richest    5    (country) in Asia and leading some economists to call    6    ( it) rise the “ miracle on the Han River.” But wealth disparity(明显差异) has worsened as the economy has matured.

As South Korean families have tried to keep up, household debt has mounted, leading some economists to warn that the debt could hold back the economy. Home prices have increased to the point    7    housing affordability has become    8    hot- button political topic.

“In South Korea, all parents    9    (desperate) want to send their kids to the best schools. To do that, you have to live in the best neighborhoods. That would require saving enough money to buy a house, a goal so unrealistic that I’ ve never even bothered calculating how long it will take me,” Shin Yeeun said, who    10    (graduate)from college in January 2021. Now 25, she said she had spent over a year looking for steady work.·

8 . When I was a child, I was often asked at school who my role model was, the person that you admire and inspires you. I always mentioned different names: from the celebrity of the moment to my grandfather.

It was always difficult for me to choose a single person as a role model, because I liked different things from different people. Based on the people that I admired and inspired me, I managed to create a custom role model in my mind.

For years there has been a constant struggle to achieve gender equality, and when I decided to study at my university I leaned towards engineering because I wanted a challenge in my life, both intellectually and culturally. Back then, only 10% of the students were women. This certainly did not stop me. On the contrary, it was a determining factor for me to prove myself that I could handle something that was “not expected” for women.

Throughout my studies I realized that there was no difference between me and my teammates; we all had the same possibilities and capabilities. However, my main challenge was determined by culture, as we grew up with certain values and social norms that told us that careers in science or engineering were not for women.

It was complicated and I had to go through uncomfortable situations, but pursuing a technical career brought me many benefits, such as developing systematic thinking. This is a basic tool to create possibilities in the future and achieve a more rational understanding about the economic and social systems in which we live, and it allows you to have the possibility to become the architect of your own life.

When girls decide to pursue a technical career, they not only benefit themselves, but also help break the stereotypes in their environment. They become agents of change capable of modifying existing structures.

It is like sowing seeds for the future. If we want a fairer world where women and men can decide on our future, we have to involve girls starting today, encouraging them to explore technology and science. Sow a seed and in the future it will give you a tree with many fruits. This is not only an individual benefit but a collective one.

1. What did the author manage to do in her childhood?

A．Change her role models all the time.

B．Find the basis for admiring a person.

C．Imagine a particular role model for herself.

D．Treat her grandfather as a famous person.

2. What did the author want to prove by studying engineering?

A．Women have intellectual challenges.

B．Women are different in capabilities.

C．Women achieved gender equality at work.

D．Women are suitable for technical careers.

3. Why does the author give the example of systematic thinking?

A．To stress the benefits of technical careers.

B．To explain its application in architecture.

C．To introduce this basic thinking tool.

D．To show the possibilities it brings in life.

4. What does the author encourage girls to do?

A．Become famous models.	B．Explore science and technology.
C．Struggle for gender equality.	D．Decide on their own future.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a recent survey conducted by wenjuan.com,an online survey platform,some 96 percent of surveyed youth said they were willing to purchase guochao products,    1     refers to products by homegrown brands.    2     the same time，91.6 percent of respondents    3    （voice）their expectations for more video programs digging deeper into traditional Chinese culture.The age group of the interviewees ranged from the post-80s to the post-2000s generations，with the latter     4    （account）for 22.1 percent.

“Nowadays we are     5    （deep）connected with most countries in the world,which results in a comprehensive understanding of the outside world,yet we still have confidence in our own culture．This sense of pride     6    （base）on rational thinking，” said professor Su Junbin of Xiamen University.

Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands，Chinese youth were born and raised when the     7    （country）economy was taking off, so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture.They have gained     8     full understanding of the outside world，and after several rounds of comparison,have finally found     9    （they）to be in a strong position．So the timing is perfect，Su said，    10    （push）forward cultural products imprinted with traditional Chinese cultural features.