2 . The development of mobile phone makes us do many things easily. A lot of us enjoy doing it: you turn on the camera on your mobile phone and hold it at a high position, making your eyes look bigger and your cheekbones more marked out.     1     There it is your selfie (自拍照).

Today it’s not difficult to find social networking pages full of photos people have taken of themselves and their friends.     2     As many as 91 percent of teenagers have posted photos of themselves online according to a recent survey by the US Pew Research Center.

So what are the reasons for the rise of selfie culture?

“The popularity of the selfie celebrates regular people,” Pamela Rutledge, a professor at the Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, told Vogue magazine.     3    

In addition, selfies “allow for a close friendship for long-distance friends, because you can see each other’s faces every day”, wrote Casey Miller at The Huffington Post.

    4     “I like having the power to choose how I look, even if I’m making a funny face,” Samantha Barks, 19, a high school student in the US, told Vogue.

    5     The US psychologist, Jill Weber says “There’s a danger that your self-esteem may start to be tied to the comments you get when you post a selfie, and they aren’t based on who you are but they’re based on what you look like.” Weber told Vogue, “When you get nothing or a negative response, your confidence can go down.”

A．You turn to your best side and click.

B．You will invite your friends to take pictures together.

C．Posting selfies also allows you to control your image online.

D．Selfie culture has become especially related to young people.

E．But experts are concerned that selfies might lead to social problems.

F．Over the past years, “selfie” has become a well-known term across the globe.

G．There are many more photographs available now of real people than models

3 . Nobody likes to fail. It makes people feel embarrassed and discouraged. What's worse, it may cause major professional or personal trouble and lead to negativity. Basically, failure is no fun for most people. However, a vast body of research tells us that failure provides us with a chance to grow and develop, increases adaptability, and helps protect against anxiety.

It's hard to change the mindset (心态) of a lifetime. But even if we still can't get over the broken marriage or the failed College Entrance Examination or the work presentation that went fearfully wrong, it might not be too late for our kids.

Christy Pennison, a professional consultant, says she works with an increasing number of kids and teens who show significant anxiety around a fear of failure. She said, "We want to protect our children, and we want them to live happy and meaningful lives, so we frequently tell them the harm of failure and ask them to avoid failure. The children experiencing internal and sometimes extenal pressure think they shouldn't fail. Meanwhile, we always have high expectations of them. So when they don't live up to a certain standard, or things don't go according to the plans, they will feel upset and anxious."

Pennison argues that failures, are often the hidden learning chances that can help people develop positive qualities, like persistence, focus, flexibility, patience, and positive self-image.

So what can parents do to help their children embrace (拥抱) failure instead of avoiding it at all costs? Pennison suggests directing praise towards the effort, not the result. "This allows children to build confidence in themselves, "she explains." Acknowledging the effort can give children permission to try new things without a fear of failure. And the bigger picture is that the development of the mindset —'I'd rather try and fail than not try at all.'—helps them keep a belief in themselves, and expands their world of possibilities." As Pennison points out, we all fail, but how we get up after we fail is what matters.

1. What aspect do most people focus on when thinking of failure?

A．The great courage to face it.

B．The efforts made to handle it.

C．Unexpected benefits it brings.

D．Unpleasant side effects it brings.

2. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?

A．Bring up the main topic.

B．List the challenges in our life.

C．Add some background information.

D．Stress the importance of the mindset

3. What is mainly talked about in the third paragraph?

A．The causes of children's anxiety.

B．Christy Pennison's comments on adolescents.

C．The consequences of overprotecting children.

D．Christy Pennison's experience in educating children.

4. Which of the following advice can help parents encourage kids to face failure?
① Praise kids' every achievement.
② Make kids embrace a bright mindset.
③ Focus on the process of kids' effort
④ Expand kids' knowledge about the world.
⑤ Encourage kids to make new attempts.

A．①②④

B．②③④

C．②③⑤

D．①③⑤

4 . At one time it was the dream of many little girls to become a nurse. Today, however, America is facing its worst nurse shortage since World War I. Recently about 2,000,000 nurses are needed and 60 percent of all hospitals in the US have shortages, large enough to threaten the quality of care provided. The demand for nurses spreads widely throughout the nursing field.

What has become of these women in white? The answer lies in not one but several causes. One possibility is the fact that women have greater career options. In the past, women who chose to work outside the home had two basic choices: nursing or teaching. Today, more women than ever are in the workforce, but their options have greatly increased. There are women doctors, lawyers, firefighters and police officers. In fact, women today are found in nearly every field of work. Nursing has been left behind, as women move on to jobs with higher pay and greater status. A woman or man in the nursing field is often looked down upon as“merely a nurse”. Teachers many be also at fault. Many high school students are actually away from nursing, told by teachers that they are“too bright to be a nurse”.

Americans are living longer than ever and requiring more medical attention. In fact, the number of elderly patients has almost doubled in the past twenty years. Obviously a larger population requires more nurses. AIDS and other diseases have caused more and more people to need nursing care. Usually fatal(致命的) diseases mean long hospital stay, that is to say, more nurses are needed to care for these patients. It is estimated that the demand for nurses will be doubled the supply in the coming ten years.

1. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?

A．How teachers have influenced their students.

B．What has caused nurse shortage.

C．How nurses have been looked down upon.

D．Why women have chosen many different jobs.

2. The passage tells that high school teachers are at fault for       .

A．not mentioning the worst nurse shortage in the US

B．introducing jobs with higher pay and greater status to their students

C．persuading the students not to be nurses

D．not asking the government to raise the nurses’ payment

3. The author writes the passage in order to         .

A．warn people to pay more attention to the nursing problem

B．call on women to choose different kinds of jobs

C．tell us women’s free choices of jobs today

D．describe the unequal treatment of women in the US

4. It can be inferred from the passage that        .

A．of all the hospitals in the world 60 percent more nurses are badly needed

B．women in the US have greater career choices than those in other countries

C．high school students think themselves too bright to be nurses

D．nursing used to be a popular job among women

5 . Most drinks stating that they are fruit flavored contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission."Shoppers need to check the labels before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be nonexistent," said Food Commission spokesperson Ian Tokelove. "Food production is highly competitive.    1    It will increase profits, and consumers won't always realize they are being tricked."Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors. Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberryflavored products sold in stores.    2    Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit. In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar.    3    Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberryflavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial color1 s, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained ly no strawberries at all.    4    Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought. Under current UK law, food packages do not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. "Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packet with pictures of strawberries is misleading.    5    Unfortunately, it is also legal and widespread," Tokelove said. "It's time to take measures to protect the consumers' rights."

A．They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all.

B．Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.

C．The products which contain real fruit are popular with people.

D．Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.

E．It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.

F．If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so.

G．The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.