1 . You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams (1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson (1907-1964)

If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness(意识) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)

When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court (最高法院). O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott (抵制). It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.

1. What is Jane Addams famous for in history?

A．Her social work.	B．Her teaching skills.
C．Her efforts to win a prize.	D．Her community background.

2. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being refused by the law firm?

A．Not having training in law.	B．Her little work experience in court.
C．Her identity as a woman.	D．Her poor financial conditions.

3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?

A．Jane Addams.	B．Rachel Carson.
C．Sandra Day O’Connor.	D．Rosa Parks.

4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A．They are highly educated.	B．They are truly creative.
C．They are pioneers.	D．They are peace-lovers.

2 . Masks that helped save lives are proving a deadly danger for wildlife, with birds and sea creatures trapped in the shocking number of thrown-away facial coverings. Single-use masks have been found around pavements, waterways and beaches worldwide. Worn once, the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to decompose. “Face masks aren't going away any time soon—but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals,” Ashley Fruno of animal rights group PETA said.

In Britain, a gull was rescued by the RSPCA after its legs became tangled in the straps of a mask for up to a week. The animal welfare charity took it to a wildlife hospital for treatment before its release.

The biggest impact may be in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around 6,200 extra tonnes of ocean plastic pollution, according to environmental group Oceans Asia.

Conservationists in Brazil found one mask inside the stomach of a penguin after its body was washed up on a beach, while a dead pufferfish was discovered caught inside another off the coast of Miami. French campaigners found a dead crab trapped in a mask near the Mediterranean. Masks and gloves are “particularly problematic” for sea creatures, says George Leonard, chief scientist from NGO Ocean Conservancy. “When those plastics break down in the environment, they then enter the food chain and impact entire ecosystems.” he added.

There has been a shift towards greater use of reusable cloth masks as the pandemic has worn on, but many are still using the lighter single-use varieties. Campaigners have urged people to bin them properly and cut the straps to reduce the risk of animals becoming trapped. Oceans Asia has also called on governments to increase fines for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.

1. What's Paragraph 1 mainly about?

A．The problem of littering masks.	B．The long time to break down masks.
C．The threat of masks to wildlife.	D．The protective use of masks to people.

2. What did the animal welfare charity do to the gull?

A．They gave first aid to the bird.	B．They released the bird at once.
C．They kept the bird for about a week.	D．They sent the bird to hospital.

3. How is Paragraph 4 developed?

A．By providing examples.	B．By giving explanations.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By analyzing causes.

4. Which measure has been taken to help solve the problem?

A．Forbidding the use of single-use masks.	B．Wearing reusable cloth masks.
C．Cutting the masks up before throwing.	D．Increasing fines for binning masks.

3 . Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence system, to write fake reviews on Yelp, a website showing customers reviews on shopping or something else, and it's pretty hard to tell them apart from a human review.

Their study, which will be presented at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security in October, aimed to throw attention onto how easily these systems can write reviews like humans and how damaging they can become if they’re not monitored properly.

Since many small businesses rely on online reviews to help grow and keep their reputation, a future where someone—like a rival or angry customer—could crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying.

And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond a bunch of fake reviews on Yelp. “In general the threat is bigger,” Ben Y. Zhao. one of the authors of the study, said. “I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not. I think that' s going to be even unimaginable.”

To test how believable these reviews came across, the researchers invited 40 volunteers and had AI generate five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the review was and whether or not they thought it was fake. The AI reviews ranked as “effectively indistinguishable” from real reviews，according to the study. Further, the fake reviews were given a 3.15 "usefulness" rating, compared to a 3.28 rating for human reviews.

1. What can the new artificial intelligence system do according to the passage？

A．It can help train new reviewers.

B．It can tell the real reviews from the fake ones.

C．It can write human-like reviews.

D．It can easily damage the businesses.

2. What does the underlined word "rival'' mean in the passage?

A．A person who respects you deeply.

B．A person who competes with you.

C．A person who loves to give fake reviews.

D．A person who can control you from distance.

3. What can we infer from Ben Y. Zhao's remarks?

A．Artificial intelligence can put the society in danger.

B．The artificial intelligence is only used by the researchers

C．Ben Y. Zhao is optimistic about the further development of artificial intelligence.

D．The artificial intelligence will help people shake.

4. What is the best title for the passage?

A．Tips Suggestions on Giving Reviews.

B．How to Tell the Fake Reviews.

C．Development of AI in Review on Yelp.

D．AI is Coming to Steal Your Reviews.

4 . Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?

It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.

The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业), with negative consequences for their economies.

Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.

In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.

Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.

1. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________.

A．a lack of confidence in technology

B．a slow progress in technology

C．a conflict of public opinions

D．a waste of limited resources

2. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________.

A．take people’s essential needs into account

B．make their programmes attractive to people

C．ensure that each child gets financial support

D．provide more affordable internet facilities

3. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?

A．Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.

B．Believing that the world has become borderless.

C．Ignoring the power of economic development.

D．Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．People should be encouraged to make more donations.

B．Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.

C．Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.

D．Economic policies should follow technological trends.

5 . Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music.     1     At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.

After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.     2     They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.

    3     They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.     4     The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.     5    

A．They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.

B．Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.

C．Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.

D．However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.

E．Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.

F．They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).

G．They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio.

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Do you ever throw away food at home? Have you ever thought about     1     happens to the food that shops and supermarkets don’t sell? Well, you might be shocked     2     (find) out that nearly one third of the food     3     (produce) by food industry gets wasted. What’s more, around 800 million people in the world do not have enough food to lead     4     healthy life.

Many people in the UK are trying to do something about this imbalance and make use     5     thrown-out food that is edible (可食用的). For example, there is a cafe in Leeds whose meals are created using unsold food from supermarkets,     6     (include) a lot of vegetables, fruit, fish and other items. This unwanted food is turned into delicious soups that feed the hungry people of Leeds. Customers     7     (simple) pay what they can afford, or help with the washing up.

More cafes like this are being opened in other parts of the UK such as Bristol and Manchester, and it is now becoming a worldwide tendency. This is a(n)     8     (amaze) project as food waste is one of the world’s biggest     9     (problem). Also, new law should     10     (pass), so that supermarkets don’t throw away so much perfectly good food!