1 . Have you ever heard people say that laziness is the mother of poverty? Laziness is a sin (罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But is it often the case?
In fact, laziness is often caused by more complex reasons than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule (嘲笑) or having their idea stolen. These people who seem lazy may be paralyzed by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals or fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever “lesser” work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating — rescheduling their day.
Laziness can actually be helpful. Like procrastinators (拖延者), some people may look lazy when they are really thinking, planning, contemplating (沉思), researching. We should all remember that great scientific discoveries occurred by chance. Sitting “lazily” under the tree, Newton wasn’t working in the orchard (果园) when the apple hit him and he devised the theory of gravity. All of us would like to have someone “lazy” build the car, particularly if that “laziness” was caused by the worker’s taking time to check each step of his work and to do his job right. And sometimes, being “lazy” — that is, taking time off for a rest — is good for the overworked students or executives. Taking a rest can be particularly helpful to the “lazy” athlete who is trying too hard or the “lazy” doctor who’s simply working himself overtime too many evenings at the clinic. So be careful when you’re tempted to call someone lazy. That person may be thinking, resting, or planning his or her next work. See for yourself!
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The impacts of being lazy on work. |
B.The reasons for some people being lazy. |
C.The work model of lazy people. |
D.The approaches to avoiding laziness. |
A.Laziness is a serious physical disease. |
B.Laziness is more beneficial than harmful. |
C.Some people appear lazy because they feel insecure. |
D.Some people avoid serious work for lack of patience. |
A.Humorous. | B.Pessimistic. | C.Doubtful. | D.Indifferent. |
A.To introduce how to avoid being lazy. |
B.To compare different attitudes to lazy people. |
C.To remind the reader laziness is not always what it appears to be. |
D.To encourage the reader to become independent individuals. |
2 . Most parents will remember their little ones grasping their leg or being unwilling to speak to someone new. But when does this stop being a natural part of a child’s growing up and become something to worry about?
Here, Heidi Gazelle, a senior lecturer in developmental psychology from the University of Melbourne, explains how shyness is of more concern if it is persistent rather than temporary.
Shyness with other children is of more concern than shyness with adults. It is common for children to be on the alert for adults, particularly men, but less common for children around their own age.
Children who engage in very little social interaction in comparison to children of their age are missing out on these important cumulative learning experiences. As a result, their social cognition, social skills and sense of self may be less mature than those of other children around their age.
Being excluded and bullied is damaging children’s emotional health and sense of self, especially when these conditions persist over time. Children need help from adults to stop exclusion and being bullied by other children. When parents become aware that their child is being excluded or bullied by other children at a childcare center or a school, they should contact the childcare center or school on their child’s behalf.
Shyness is of concern if it interferes with your child’s or family’s routines or activities, or if your child often appears miserable or complains of being lonely. For instance, if shyness prevents your child from attending other children’s birthday parties or school, or prevents your family from visiting friends, then you should consider seeking help from a child psychologist.
If a child is upset about a problem with a friend, parents can encourage the child to try to resolve the problem in a way that preserves the friendship, instead of ending the friendship, as well as encourage the child to develop other friendships.
1. What view does Heidi Gazelle hold with regards to shy children?A.Persistent shyness is more worrying than temporary shyness. |
B.Children’s shyness basically results from a disharmonious family. |
C.They tend to have less shyness when meeting with unknown people. |
D.It is more common for them to be alert when being with other children than adults. |
①Social skills. ②Sense of self. ③Overall intelligence. ④Power of observation. ⑤Social cognition.
A.①③⑤ | B.②④⑤ | C.②③④ | D.①②⑤ |
A.Consider transferring their child to another school or childcare center. |
B.Get in touch with the childcare center or school. |
C.Warn the children who bully their child. |
D.Try to find his or her own faults. |
A.Their child often complains about being lonely. |
B.Their child is always ready to visit their relatives. |
C.Their child wants to change the family’s original plan. |
D.Their child is willing to attend other children’s birthday parties. |
3 . Globally, around 14 percent of food produced is lost between harvest and retail (零售). Farmers throw away a significant share of their crop due to factors beyond their control, such as produce not meeting supermarket standards for shape or size, unexpected weather patterns changing harvest times and yield as well as a shortage of pickers. These factors and others leave farmers with extra crops on their hands.
Gleaning — collecting leftover crops from farmers’ fields after they haven’t been harvested or commercial use — may contribute to tackling the problem. In Britain, a growing network of volunteer gleaning groups are being welcomed into farmers’ fields to collect tonnes of free produce. The produce would then be given to local food banks, which would otherwise be left to rot after the commercial harvest.
The charity Feedback told The Times that its number of gleaning groups across England had risen from five in 2017 to twenty last year. Feedback’s overall aim is for closer links between farmers and the communities they feed.
Holly Whitelaw, 52, from St Just in Penwith, set up the Cornwall Gleaning Network last year after watching a BBC series that highlighted food poverty in Cornwall. She contacted Feedback which gave her a £2, 000 grant (拨款) to get insurance, knives, and cut-proof gloves. She set up a Facebook page, found willing volunteers and then managed to get a £10, 000 grant from Feeding Britain, a national network of anti-hunger partnerships, to establish seven coordinators across the county and pay for more knives and gloves. They also raised funds to buy a pick-up truck. As a thank you to the farmers, they have begun planting trees to reduce wind speed across their land, preventing damage to crops and minimizing soil erosion.
Gleaning offers an opportunity for environmental win by reducing food waste on the farm. Also, it has a social benefit, as the collected fresh food can be donated to charity organizations and food banks to support those in need.
1. According to the passage, which of the following has little impact on crop waste?A.Produce in poor quality. |
B.Lack of labor on the farm. |
C.Increasing supermarket orders. |
D.Changeable weather conditions. |
A.A grand from the charity Feedback. |
B.Feedback’s overall aim for closer links. |
C.Communities and volunteers’ joint effort. |
D.A TV series revealing regional food poverty. |
A.It proves rewarding. |
B.It needs to be more creative. |
C.It is physically challenging. |
D.It takes ages to see the result. |
A.To set a new standard for farming. |
B.To explain the reasons for overproduction. |
C.To gather the information about produce in Britain. |
D.To introduce a solution to the problem of food waste. |
4 . There is a popular saying in the English language: “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name-calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so. A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm, the development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.
The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.
The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.
The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatry's website.
Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.
1. Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?A.To show the power of words. |
B.To introduce an opposite view. |
C.To prove the author's argument. |
D.To show ancient people's wisdom. |
A.They were hurt by unkind words. |
B.They performed poorly in imaging tests. |
C.They had their brain slightly damaged. |
D.They experienced no physical abuse at home. |
A.Comments on the findings. |
B.Approaches to further studies. |
C.Suggestions to parents. |
D.Different opinions on the matter. |
A.Unkind words hurt the brain. |
B.Verbal violence should be stopped. |
C.The way we speak matters. |
D.Words are worse than sticks and stones. |
5 . There are few places on Earth that humans haven’t messed up. Now even Antarctica, the only continent with no permanent human inhabitants, is being altered by us. A study found that the increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing more snow melt-bad news for a frozen world already battling the effects of human-caused global warming.
Black carbon, the dark, dusty pollution that comes from burning fossil fuels has settled in locations where tourists and researchers spend a lot of time, scientists found. Even the smallest amount of the dark pollutant can have a significant impact on melting because of its very low reflectiveness: things that are light in color, like snow, reflect the sun's energy and stay cool; things that are dark, like black carbon, absorb the sun's energy and warm up.
“The snow albedo (反射率) effect is one of the largest uncertainties in regional and global climate modeling right now,” Alia Khan, a snow and ice scientist at Western Washington University, told CNN. “That’s one of the motivations for the study, to quantify the impact of black carbon on regional snowmelt, which is important for quantifying the role of black carbon in the global loss of snow and ice.”
“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year. But, if it weren’t there, in the state that it is meant to be, the balance that we have in the climate system will no longer be,” Marilyn Raphael, a geography professor said. “Antarctica’s sea ice is also important to maintain a balance in atmospheric circulation,” he added. As waters get warmer, some Antarctic creatures are finding their homes more and more unlivable.
“Everything we do has consequences,” Raphael said. “We need to educate ourselves about those consequences, especially in systems that we know relatively little about. We have to be careful that we don’t upset the climate balance.”
1. Why can the smallest amount of black carbon have huge impact on melting?A.It is highly reflective. | B.Its dark colour absorbs heat. |
C.It produces vast energy. | D.It causes much pollution. |
A.To measure the impact of black carbon on melting. |
B.To quantify the cost of battling against climate change. |
C.To remove the uncertainties of global warming effects. |
D.To urge people to pay more attention to melting problem. |
A.The change caused by Antarctic melting. | B.The methods to stop Antarctic ice melting. |
C.The significance of Antarctic being in its state. | D.The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing. |
A.Reduce tourist numbers. | B.Face the consequences. |
C.Acquire professional education. | D.Stop disturbing the climate. |
6 . Samuel Baron, a student at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, has traded his 55.7㎡Edmonton apartment for a 23㎡micro-flat downtown. He was determined to live closer to Vancouver’s city center and cut out his transport expenses. He achieved both, but the trade-off was space. “Between work and school, I am rarely home,”said Baron. “My suite functions as a place to simply store my possessions, and for sleeping, because I live in a neighborhood that has plenty of coffee shops, restaurants and pubs. My neighborhood functions as my living room , blurring the lines between public space and private space.”
The tiny house movement has been on the rise. Driven by housing shortage and an affordability crisis in cities across the globe, these micro-suites are being planned and promoted by developers. These living spaces of less than 46.5㎡are becoming popular with entry-level income groups and young people who want to be close to urban conveniences, job opportunities and city life in places like New York, Paris and Vancouver. A report from Neilsen, a consumer research company, showed 40% of Americans between the age of 18 and 36 prefer to live in urban areas instead of the suburbs. However, the trend doesn’t just apply to young people. Many empty nesters have been selling their houses in the suburbs to buy a place in the city.
Rising house prices in big cities have squeezed many homebuyers out of the market. The average price of a new home in Toronto is $733,578; in London it’s $794,549. However, the demand for affordable accommodation near work is endless in cities where land is limited. Thus the micro-flat offers an affordable alternative.
New York City opened a pioneer project called My Micro NY at the end of 2015. “We have built to optimize every inch of space inside, so there is no unused room,” said Tobias Oriwol, the building’s project manger. Similar projects are being developed in the UK and Canada, too.
1. The example of Samuel Baron is used mainly to ________ .A.show his habits | B.draw a conclusion |
C.introduce a topic | D.show his colorful life |
A.The growing young population and rising living costs. |
B.Housing shortages and the growing ageing population. |
C.Urban conveniences, housing shortages and rising house prices. |
D.An affordability crisis, urban conveniences and the growing population. |
A.Limit. | B.Decorate. |
C.Set aside. | D.Make full use of. |
A.Price controls on the housing market. |
B.Examples of micro-flats in other areas. |
C.Why many old people prefer micro-flats. |
D.How to find affordable micro-flats near work. |
7 . “Preventing obesity and smoking can save lives, but it doesn’t save money,”reported researchers. “ It was a small surprise, for it is against the common belief,” said Pieter van Baal, who led the study. “But it makes sense. If you live longer, then your costs of the health system will be more.”
The researchers found that from age 20 to 56, fat people had the most expensive health costs. But on average, healthy people lived 84 years. Smokers lived about 77 years, and fat people about 80 years. Smokers and fat people tended to have more heart disease than healthy people. Therefore, in the long run, the thin and healthy group spent about $417,000, from age 20 on. Smokers spent about $ 326,000 and fat people $371,000.
“The result throws a bucket of cold water onto the idea, based on guesswork, that obesity is going to cost trillions of dollars,” said Patrick Basham, a professor of health politics. “If we’re going to worry about the future of obesity, we should stop worrying about its financial impact,” he said.
“The benefit of obesity prevention may not be seen immediately in terms of cost saving in tomorrow’s budget, but there are long-term gains,” said Baal. “These are often immeasurable when it comes to people living longer and healthier lives.” In the meanwhile, he said that governments should recognize that successful smoking and obesity prevention programs mean that people will have a higher chance of dying of something more expensive later in life.
“Lung cancer is a cheap disease to treat because people don’t survive very long. But if they are old enough to get Alzheimer’s(早年性痴呆症) one day, they may survive longer and cost more. We are not advising that governments stop trying to prevent obesity,” Baal said.” But they should do it for the right reasons.”
1. Among middle-aged people, whose costs of the health system is the most?A.Those who are heavy smokers. |
B.Those who are overweight. |
C.Those who are too thin. |
D.Those who are suffering from heart attacks. |
A.It turns out to be innocent. |
B.It comes from scientific studies. |
C.It is based on medical evidence. |
D.It has changed over the past years. |
A.reducing the risk of suffering cancer |
B.weakening obesity’s financial impact |
C.making sure of people’s long and healthy life |
D.reducing the money spent on medical programs |
A.A Recent Medical Study Shows the Truth about Health |
B.Preventing Obesity and Smoking May Cost More |
C.Obesity and Smoking Lead to Expensive Diseases |
D.Governments Change Attitude towards Obesity and Smoking |
8 . A family was rushing to get to the movies. The
On the way to the
The daughter
I'm sure there have been times when your
Sometimes, though, we make the
As a matter of fact, we are
A.adults | B.parents | C.passengers | D.audiences |
A.headed for | B.sought for | C.returned to | D.travelled to |
A.questioned | B.complained | C.insisted | D.suggested |
A.anxiously | B.secretly | C.finally | D.immediately |
A.success | B.school | C.theater | D.car |
A.noticed | B.prevented | C.imagined | D.got |
A.local | B.modern | C.dark | D.shabby |
A.added | B.argued | C.lied | D.worried |
A.respect | B.thank | C.praise | D.convince |
A.agreed | B.cried | C.promised | D.continued |
A.price | B.size | C.material | D.choice |
A.conveyed | B.determined | C.limited | D.indicated |
A.dress | B.behave | C.live | D.believe |
A.hurried | B.tired | C.publicly | D.early |
A.willing | B.eager | C.luck | D.likely |
A.excuse | B.mistake | C.decision | D.promise |
A.proud | B.confident | C.cautious | D.joy |
A.constantly | B.obviously | C.shyly | D.gradually |
A.encourages | B.warms | C.annoys | D.reminds |
A.proud | B.aware | C.sure | D.afraid |
9 . “When your mother scolds you, you can look elsewhere and think about other things. Just ignore her words. But remember: such a tough attitude cannot be used often.” These words are from a series of cartoons which outline skills for children to fight against their mothers. The images have created heated debate among Chinese netizens(网民).
Regarded as “a book for children aged 6 to 12 who are always scolded by their parents”, the cartoons, drawn by two 10-year-old Beijing girls, list over 20 skills which children can use to deal with their mothers’ anger such as crying, pretending to be ashamed, fleeing into the toilet and pleasing her afterwards. Each skill is described with vivid pictures and humorous notes. The creativity of the young girls has amazed netizens, the Yangtse Evening Post reported on Thursday.
According to one of the girls’ mothers, her daughter once received a poor mark in an exam, and the mother blamed her and compared her performance with another classmate. The daughter’s feelings led to her creating the cartoons. The girl’s father, who first posted the pictures on his Sohu Microblog on Monday, said he hopes parents pay close attention to the pictures, allow children to feel free to develop their own characteristics and try not to criticize them so often.
“The cartoons, although an individual case, reflect a modern phenomenon and some of the problems within Chinese family education,” said Yu Qinfang, an expert on family education. According to a survey of 104 children and their parents, Yu discovered that as many as 51.9 percent of primary school students hate being urged to do things by their mothers. “Not giving children enough time and hurrying them to do things seems to be a very tiny detail within family life, but it is potentially a huge problem which can easily be ignored by parents. A mother’s blame may lead to negative feelings within her child’s heart,” Yu said. “Parents should learn to blame less and be more patient.”
1. What amazed Chinese netizens according to the text?A.The girls’ poor marks. | B.The girls’ skills against their mothers. |
C.The girls’ creativity. | D.The girls’ tough attitude to their mothers. |
A.It tells us how to control mothers’ feelings. |
B.It includes a number of vivid pictures and humorous notes. |
C.It is intended for primary school teachers. |
D.It is finished by children aged 6 to 12. |
A.The father posted the cartoons on his microblog to show off his daughter’s cleverness. |
B.Yu Qinfang found that primary school pupils disliked being forced to do things. |
C.Parents are advised to speak highly of their children frequently. |
D.How to blame children needs parents’ further study of cartoons. |
A.An advertisement. | B.A textbook. |
C.A newspaper. | D.A novel. |
10 . Helping voters out
The US 2020 presidential election has captured people's hearts around the world. In order to allow voters to vote in person, poll (投票站) workers need to work at different vote centers. In past elections, most poll workers were elderly, but now that they are more at risk of severe symptoms from COVID - 19, there was a growing need for young people to serve as poll workers.
I first became aware of the opportunity to become a poll worker from a story on an Instagram account called “Poll Hero?”. It mentioned the effort to recruit young poll workers on a large - scale, and I immediately became interested in participating. I signed up to be a poll worker from the website, and a few days later, I registered through the High School Student Election Worker Program with the assistance of a Poll Hero volunteer.
After registering, there were two steps I had to take in order to become certified (认证的) to serve in this election. The first was an online training course, which takes around three hours. It covers the different roles workers have, different procedures workers must follow and provides information on how to use tools such as the electronic pollbook. The session is interactive, and I often engaged in simulated (模拟的) situations and knowledge checks to ensure that I understood each lesson. After taking the online course, I had to pass an exam with an 80 percent score or higher to complete that part of my certification. On my first attempt, I passed with a score of exactly 80 percent.
After passing the online course, I attended a two - hour in - person training session where I worked with a real electronic pollbook to practice what I would do on Election Day. The instructor took us through many different scenarios (场景) where we practiced assisting different types of voters. I was pleased to see many young people attend the session! In total, I spent 37 hours helping voters vote during this election. With my mask on the entire time, I checked in voters and helped them use the ballot (投票) marking devices where they could cast their vote. I also loved meeting fellow workers who are passionate about being engaged and helping our community. Taking part in this historic election is something I will never forget.
1. Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 1 and 2?A.The author considered it his duty to help his community |
B.A Poll Hero volunteer asked the author to serve as a poll worker |
C.Young poll workers were in huge demand |
D.Serving as a poll worker was one of the author's school volunteering programs |
A.This course must be completed at once | B.It uses a lecture - style teaching method |
C.Those who pass the exam get a service certification | D.To pass the exam, one has to score at least 80 percent |
A.What difficulties the author ran into |
B.What the author learned from the in - person training session |
C.How the author cooperated with other young poll workers |
D.How the author assisted different types of voters on Election Day |
A.Exhausted | B.Proud | C.Bored | D.Nervous |