1.理由；
2.具体措施；
3.表达期许。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
Dear fellow students,
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Yours,
Li Hua
2 . Humans are no strangers to widespread viruses, and each time a vaccine (疫苗) is developed, it gives us hope for the future. Now, the world is waiting for a vaccine to fight COVID-19.
Scientists worldwide have been rolling up their sleeves to work to ward an effective novel coronavirus vaccine.
Under the coordination (协调) of the World Health Organization(WHO), up to 172 countries have been engaging with the “largest and most diverse COVID-19 vaccine portfolio”, a plan known as the COVAX Global Vaccines Facility.
COVAX is a system for joint purchasing and balancing the risks of multiple vaccines. When a vaccine proves to be safe and effective, all countries within the facility will be able to access it, according to Xinhua.
The plan is aimed to ensure that all countries, no matter their economic status, can get the vaccine in a timely manner when one is available. It also makes sure that prices will be kept as low as possible.
“A number of vaccines are now in the final stage of clinical trials,” said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Aug. 24th, adding that the goal of COVAX is to deliver at least 2billion doses of a vaccine by the end of 2021. According to the WHO, at present, nine potential vaccines are part of the portfolio.
To guarantee the equal access and fair assignment of COVID-19 vaccines, the WHO has said that the world needs to prevent vaccine nationalism — countries putting their own interests ahead of others in trying to secure supplies of a possible vaccine.
“Vaccine nationalism only helps the virus,” Tedros said, warning that it would lead to a prolonged pandemic (疫情) if only a small number of countries got most of the supply.
“Like an orchestra, we need all instruments to be played in harmony to create music that everyone enjoys,” he said.
Vaccine development looks promising, as several countries have made great progress. Russia began production of its first batch of a COVID-19 vaccine on Aug. 15th, according to its health ministry. It’s the world’s first registered vaccine. Four Chinese vaccine candidates have started international stage-3 clinical trials.
1. What’s the author’s attitude towards vaccine nationalism?| A．Supportive. | B．Critical. | C．Optimistic. | D．Sympathetic. |
| A．To show his deep love for music. | B．To make the passage more interesting. |
| C．To explain the critical role that the orchestra plays. | D．To stress the importance of cooperation. |
| A．Russia is the first country to have made progress in fighting COVID-19. |
| B．COVAX ensures all the countries get the COVID-19 vaccine at the same time. |
| C．WHO plays an important role in fighting COVID-19. |
| D．Scientists have produced 2 billion doses of vaccines. |
| A．United for vaccine. | B．Vaccine on the way. |
| C．Fighting against COVID-19. | D．Saying goodbye to COVID-19. |
3 . People enjoy giving to others. Generosity is a form of giving freely without the expectation of receiving anything in return. Not only does it make one feel happy and fulfilled, a recent study shows that generosity can actually lengthen one’s life.
A study from the University of California researched giving from one generation to another. Previous studies have measured giving on an individual level, but these researchers aimed to compare cultural differences around the world. They took data from 34 countries on six continents and measured the total transfers of private gifts from relatives, as well as health care and retirement benefits.
They concluded that both giving and receiving are beneficial. The researchers quoted a study on “warm-glow giving,” which shows how altruistic givers may not receive anything in return, yet their happiness and health improves 120.
People who volunteer, share and offer support benefit from their actions. They have improved mental health, physical health, sense of happiness and enjoy longevity (长寿) across all societies studied and in all ages. Another benefit of giving is the release of oxytocin, a hormone that produces feelings of love and generosity.
As for myself, in an interview for New York Times on March 20, I stated that due to our high levels of trust in Finland, people are willing to follow instructions and trust that everyone will do their part… and feeling that we are in this together.
The report suggests that since living in a trusting society benefits individuals’ health, it results in lower health care costs. A trusting social environment also promotes wellbeing, leading to an improvement in the length of life for all. Those who are generous become less isolated, less self-critical and less self-centered. They develop confidence, become more familiar and gain a sense of purpose. According to the generosity study, they tend to live longer and happier lives.
1. What was the aim of the recent study?| A．To encourage giving to next generation. |
| B．To measure giving on an individual level. |
| C．To compare cultural differences in giving worldwide. |
| D．To gather happiness of giving to others. |
| A．Selfless. | B．Selfish. | C．Passive. | D．Serious. |
| A．Effects of longevity. | B．Sense of happiness. |
| C．Strengths of volunteering. | D．Advantages of giving. |
| A．He is easy to cheat. | B．He must work in New York Times. |
| C．He loves being interviewed. | D．He might be from Finland. |
4 . China’s ambassador to the United Kingdom said the decision to remove the Chinese technology company Huawei from Britain’s 5G infrastructure (基础设施) was a “dark day for the United Kingdom”, and could be a missed opportunity for the UK to lead in the sector.
The British government last week announced it would ban UK mobile providers from buying new Huawei 5G equipment after the end of 2020 and asked telecom operators to remove all the Chinese company’s 5G kit (装备) from their networks by 2027.
Ambassador Liu Xiaoming said the UK decision on Huawei is a mistake and that the British government would struggle to achieve its ambitious plan to have a full coverage 5G network by 2025.
Speaking on the BBC’s Andrew Marr Show on Sunday, Liu said: “This is a very bad decision. This is a dark day for Huawei. It’s a dark day for China-UK relations. It’s an even darker day for the United Kingdom, because you will miss the opportunity to be a leading country.”
While some fear a so-called national security risk posed by the Chinese technology giant with its 5G network, Liu said there is no hard, solid evidence to suggest Huawei technology would be a threat to the UK.
“They’ve been here for 20 years. They have made a huge contribution not only to the telecom industry of this country. They have fulfilled their corporate (法人的) responsibility. They have helped the UK to develop.” Liu said.
The British government has pledged to make the UK completely 5G and ful-fibre connected by 2025, and Liu said Huawei can help to deliver that “but now it seems to me the UK just kicks them out and, to use the media words, to get rid of them under the pressure from the United States.”
During the interview, the ambassador echoed a point made by leading British scholar and sinologist Martin Jacques, author of the book When China Rules the World, and who wrote in a recent tweet “history turns full circle”.
“In 1793 Chinese Emperor Qianlong told the British King: ‘We don’t have the slightest need of your country’s manufactures (产品) .’ So marked the start of China’s 150 year decline. In 2020 UK tells China that it has no need of China’s latest technology,” Jacques tweeted.
1. Why did Liu Xiaoming say the UK decision on Huawei is a mistake?| A．Because Britain is not likely to have a full coverage 5G network in future. |
| B．Because it will be hard for Britain to complete the 5G network as planned. |
| C．Because Huawei has made a huge contribution to the telecom industry of the UK. |
| D．Because British telecom operators are unwilling to remove Huawei’s 5G kit. |
| A．A person that runs a particular business. |
| B．A person whose job is concerned with politics. |
| C．A person who studies, teaches, or writes about economics. |
| D．A person who researches Chinese history and language and culture. |
| A．How Huawei technology has been applied in the UK. |
| B．How the 5G network will be set up in Britain. |
| C．How Huawei has grown to be a Chinese technology giant. |
| D．How China will make response to the decision of the British government. |
| A．UK’s Huawei decision could be lost chance, warns ambassador |
| B．Huawei technology would be a threat to the UK, says ambassador |
| C．Britain needs to buy new Huawei 5G equipment, suggests ambassador |
| D．Huawei has fulfilled their corporate responsibility, explains ambassador |
5 . In recent years, China has witnessed the growth of luxury (奢侈品) brands. In this market, Chinese consumers are now the largest spenders. It’s clear that a new generation of young, materialistic people is increasingly relying on luxury brands to improve its self-image. I am a fashionist too, at least in spirit — I love to look at clothes and shoes. But I don’t understand why people spend lots of money on designer labels. When a young woman buys a handbag that costs two months of her salary, that’s a scary thing.
What’s interesting is that scientists have found that having luxury things doesn’t lead to happiness. Study after study has shown that although we want material things, when we get them we don’t suddenly become “happy” people. In fact, a series of studies by Leaf Van Boven at the University of Colorado, US, has shown that individuals who spend money on travel and similar experiences get more pleasure than those who invest it in material things. That’s because experiences are more easily combined with a person’s identity. If I travel to Yunnan, that adventure affects how I think in the future. My memories become a part of me.
Moreover, as Van Boven has observed, young people who pursue happiness through “things” are liked less by their peers. People prefer those who pursue happiness through experiences.
It’s natural to want to express yourself through your appearance. So my advice is: create a look that isn’t tied to a designer label. Convey your own message. Take some lessons from the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, routinely appears in hoodies and sneakers. These people, successful people, have style. You don’t have to break the bank to send a message about who you are. Take a trip. Go out into the world. Then come back and confidently create your own signature look.
1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?| A．The author enjoys buying luxury brands herself. |
| B．The author agrees to overspend money on material things. |
| C．The author is critical of youths tying their looks to designer labels. |
| D．The author finds it natural for fashionists to follow fashion trends. |
| A．people dislike those who love luxuries |
| B．traveling changes a person’s identity greatly |
| C．luxuries have a negative effect on people’s happiness |
| D．experiences can bring people more happiness than luxuries |
| A．Be selective about designer labels. | B．Create your own personal unique style. |
| C．Choose simple and fashionable styles. | D．Try styles like Mark Zuckerberg’s. |
| A．prove how luxury leads to an unpleasant life |
| B．tell how to express yourself through appearances |
| C．report on a series of studies about luxuries and happiness |
| D．persuade readers to invest in experiences instead of luxuries |
The Internet makes shopping at home convenient. However, for many, the attraction of shopping can turn into
Researchers from the Hannover Medical School have termed the illness “Buying Shopping Disorder” (BSD). The researchers say this condition should be recognized by the medical profession as an illness and should not
Last month, Dr. Megan and her team
Nowadays, social networking addiction has become a rising concern. Social networking addiction is a phrase sometimes used
Addiction usually refers to habitual
In that context, a social networking addict could
But it is hard to tell when fondness for
8 . Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways. When people cheat, it’s not fair to other people, like the kids who studied for the test or who were the true winners of a game.
Many people like the action of cheating. It makes difficult things seem easy, like getting all the right answers on the test. But it doesn’t solve the problem of not knowing the material and it won’t help on the next test --- unless the person cheats again.
Some people lose respect for cheaters and think less of them. The cheaters themselves may feel bad because they know they are not really earning that good grade. And, if they get caught cheating, they will be in trouble at school, and maybe at home, too.
Some kids cheat because they’re busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can’t pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating, cheating isn’t a good idea.
If you were sick or upset about something the night before and couldn’t study, it would be better to talk with the teacher about this. And if you don’t have enough time to study for a test because of swimming practice, you need to talk with your parents about how to balance swimming and school.
A kid who thinks cheating is the only way to pass a test needs to talk with the teacher and his or her parents so they can find some solutions (解决办法) together. Talking about these problems and working them out will feel better than cheating.
1. The author thinks that when kids cheat in class, _______.| A．it is unfair to other people | B．it does harm to their heath |
| C．teachers should punish them | D．teachers shouldn’t stop them at once |
| A．the material in the test is very difficult |
| B．they want to do better than the others |
| C．cheating can make hard things seem very easy |
| D．they have little time to study their lessons |
| A．cheating isn’t a good idea | B．why kids cheat in the test |
| C．some kids can’t pass the test without cheating | D．some kids don’t spend the time studying |
9 . Twenty-five years ago, most young Britons wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or, if they were creatively minded, to take up singing. But today, things stand differently.
According to a survey by Tesco Mobile, a UK telecoms company, the “dream job” of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger, or “vlogger”. The survey, carried out among 1 , 002 people, found that as much as 40 percent of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of ideal jobs.
The only reason for this change is undoubtedly the Internet and social media. They have made it so much easier to reach a global user, without having to get a job in show business in the traditional way.
“In years gone by, the biggest stars were shaped and trained by the Hollywood studios； now, anyone with a computer camera can become an icon (偶像)，" a Tesco Mobile spokesperson said in a news release(发布会).“These self-made stars record their hobbies to an admiring fan-base. Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting with their fans about everyday life.”
However, what people see is only the great side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact that only those who are successful get fame and fortune. There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that still remain dreams.
This is why although vloggers are popular, some young people choose jobs that don't necessarily earn them fame, but allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies. Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club. It's an online platform(平台)for runners to keep a record of their races. He told the website Zippia that his job allows him to express his thought, and is always a learning experience. And that's enough for him.
1. What's the most popular job among British young people nowadays?| A．A lawyer. | B．A doctor. | C．A vlogger. | D．A singer. |
| A．Because of the popularity of the computers. |
| B．Because the traditional show business has disappeared. |
| C．Because there are computer cameras for everyone to use. |
| D．Because Internet and social media made it easy to reach a global user. |
| A．To discuss. | B．To force. |
| C．To communicate. | D．To take part in. |
| A．All vloggers can't be successful. | B．Vloggers should be supported. |
| C．Vloggers should be encouraged. | D．Vloggers are very helpful to society. |
10 . Forget about the “post-1995 generation”. Young people born in 1995 or later have another name in English — Generation Z. They are entering adulthood and will soon shape our future, which is why policy makers, as well as employers and marketers, are trying their best to understand these young people. So, how should we pin down the Gen Z-ers?
Most people will agree that the single biggest difference between Gen-Z and other generations is how connected they are. This is a group of people who had access to social media as soon as they were born. Social media has changed the way Gen Z-ers interact with each other and how they get and process information. They read news from Twitter, watch videos from Vine, share experiences in Instagram and post recipes in Pinterest.
“We are the first true digital natives. I can almost simultaneously create a document, edit it, post a photo on Instagram and talk on the phone, all from the user-friendly iPhone,” said Hannah Payne, an 18-year-old UCLA student.
It is noted that young people in the UK are becoming more active in Politics. Young people regard voting as one option among many to show their political engagement that can potentially influence policies. Instead of party politics, they focus more on single-topic issues such as feminism or climate change. And “much of the engagement and organizing they do takes place on social media rather than through traditional political structures,” according to the Guardians.
Gen Z-ers are also culture creators. Growing up with the Internet has freed this generation from traditional cultural expression. They are no longer willing to let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules. “We decide what kind of content we want to experience and choose how we experience it,” wrote Masback, a Huffington Post blogger and a Gen Z-er herself.
1. What does the underlined phrase “pin down” mean in Paragraph 1?| A．Cooperate with. | B．Firmly convince. |
| C．Communicate with. | D．Clearly understand. |
| A．It’s topic-specific. | B．It stresses social response. |
| C．It’s party-based. | D．It has an immediate effect. |
| A．They are socially responsible. | B．They are friendly and generous. |
| C．They are addicted to social media. | D．They are rooted in traditional culture. |
| A．Worried. | B．Suspicious. | C．Objective. | D．Disapproving. |
