2 . During the ongoing battle against the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP)(新型冠状肺炎), you may have read news that garlic can quickly kill the virus but it proved to be misinformation. While the nation continues to fight against the NCP, it’s also stepping up efforts to fight the spread of misinformation.

In the Internet era, the nature of how information spreads has changed largely. Information and misinformation can spread to thousands of people in seconds.

For most people, fact-checking is an afterthought — if it is a thought at all. Therefore, misinformation spreads, said The Washington Post. People simply prefer passing on information that will lead to an emotional response(反应) from readers. Whether or not it is factual is not always important.

Misinformation could be a greater danger than the virus itself. Misinformation is “making the work of our heroic workers even harder”, World Health Organization(WHO) Director-General Tedros told China Daily. He said misinformation “causes confusion and spreads fear”.

During the fight against the NCP, Ghebreyesus said that “at the WHO we’re not just fighting against the virus, we’re also battling conspiracy(阴谋) theories that undermine our response. ”

It is true that as China races to contain the NCP and minimize(减少到最低限度) its spread across countries, fears and rumors(谣言) surrounding the virus are creating their own problems on social media. “Ironically(讽刺地), speed is important on those things,” US professor Gabriel Kahn told The Los Angeles Times. “But.... those are the ones you have to be most certain about verifying (验证) before you share.”

As ordinary people, we may not be able to devote ourselves like those medical staff. But we could think twice about what we read. If you can be careful about sharing information, it’s your contribution to the fight against the outbreak.

1. According to the article, what is the main cause of the spread of misinformation?

A．The lack of fact-checking.

B．An increase in viruses.

C．People’s desire to trick others.

D．Changes in the way people view information.

2. What does the underlined word “undermine” in Para.5 probably mean?

A．Test.

B．Harm.

C．Guide.

D．Explain.

3. What problem has been found during the battle against the NCP?

A．People have fears caused by misinformation.

B．It is hard to deal with misinformation across countries.

C．Rumors about the virus travel too fast to be controlled.

D．Social media creates problems for people to verify misinformation.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the article?

A．To share tips on how to fight against misinformation.

B．To introduce some misinformation about the NCP.

C．To call on people to watch out for misinformation.

D．To tell people what China has done to deal with misinformation.

3 . Happy, angry, amazed – these are some of the emotions we like to express these days when we're sending a message on our smartphones! Many of us now add little pictures to our texts to brighten up someone’s mobile screen.     1    . Emojis have become a vital tool for communication.

The emoji was first invented in Japan in the late 1990s and the word 'emoji' comes from the Japanese words for 'picture' and 'character'.     2    Now we have a picture for every mood or situation.

So now we have the option to give this new creation the visual 'thumbs-up' but have you thought (puzzled face) why we've become so addicted to using emojis?     3    . Emojis are a sort of substitute for the visual or non- verbal signals we normally give when we speak to someone face-to-face.

Another advantage of emojis is that they are an international language – they don't use words but tell a message in pictorial form so they can be easily interpreted whatever your native language. However, the emojis you send need some thought.     4    – if a friend sends you an emoji of a hammer, you may think he is angry when he is saying he has hurt himself or he is clumsy!

Emojis are a good way for showing empathy—they are a virtual hug or a loving pat. But as linguist Neil Cohn says, "    5    ; to others, they are posing a threat to our language." It does show there is a lot more to our communication than words alone but does this mean the decline in traditional writing?

A．They can sometimes be misinterpreted

B．They are widely adopted in people’s daily communication

C．To many, emoji are an exciting evolution of the way we communicate

D．The number of different images has dramatically increased since then

E．We're also using them as a quick way of telling someone how we're feeling

F．They really do enable us to express our emotional selves much more effectively

G．To many, emojis are taking over conventional face-to-face communication

4 . It's good to share, right? Growing up as kids we are told to share our toys and not be selfish. We also live in an age where discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new fashion trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?

What is oversharing? The term has become associated with social media, but it doesn't only belong to this platform. Imagine you head to a party and you meet someone. Within five minutes they have given away details about their personal life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?

Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in internet psychology, says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief that we attract our own negative experiences the more we share them. It seems that the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing, is generally viewed as negative rather than the cry for help it could actually be.

However, Dr Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more positive posts we share on a platform, the more socially attractive we become. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We are supposed not to show off, as it's now known—especially about our love lives. It makes sense—if your date is going 'that well', would you really have time to share a photo with text?

So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be more than happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaint about your lack of money really are too much.

1. Why do some people try to overshare at parties?

A．Because they want to catch others' attention.

B．Because they just want to show off something.

C．Because they have a strong desire to pour out their emotions.

D．Because they may expect to make a connection with someone.

2. What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean?

A．explore

B．expose

C．display

D．discuss

3. What can we know from the passage?

A．We will become more socially attractive if we post more on a platform.

B．We tend to show sympathy when things go wrong.

C．We may be considered negative when seeking for sympathy by oversharing.

D．We can show off something positive especially about our love lives.

4. What is the purpose of the text?

A．To inform.

B．To inspire.

C．To advertise.

D．To condemn.

5 . The English language is changing, and you are responsible! Whether we consider changes in grammar, spelling, pronunciation, or the very vocabulary of the language, you have played your part and continue to do so.

When we first learned basic grammar and spelling, perhaps in elementary school, we might have gotten the impression that these things were sacred. The rules that apply to such things might have been presented as unchanging and unchangeable. While this way might be helpful for teaching children, it is far from accurate.

The English language, like many others, is a living, growing, ever-evolving thing. Like it or not, you are involved in this change. These changes take many forms. Grammar and spelling have changed greatly over the years and centuries, with the spelling differences in different countries today a reflection of this. While the language of a thousand years ago might be called English, most of us would hardly recognize it today as the same language.

The first involves changes in the pronunciation of words. Many are familiar with the differences between the British and American ways of pronouncing certain words. In addition to these differences, the pronunciation of many words has changed over the years because of how you have decided to pronounce them. For example, consider the word "err." The traditional pronunciation of this word rhymes with the word "her." Older dictionaries show this to be the primary or only pronunciation. However, in recent years, more and more people have been pronouncing it so that it sounds like "air." Another change in the language involves the addition and removal of words. The makers of dictionaries decide which words deserve to be officially adopted as part of the English language. Through the centuries, many words have come from other languages. In fact, English has probably done this more than any other language in the world, which is why spelling and pronunciation rules for English have so many exceptions.

Of course, many slang words have been just short-lived fashions that have died out quickly. Others, though, have been adopted by mainstream society and become respectable, as have many technical terms. So then remember, the next time you repeat the newest expression to hit the street, or make up your own words, you may be contributing to the future of the English language.

1. When we begin to learn English, we think _________.

A．it is interesting to pick up a new language	B．English rules are wrongly presented in fact
C．grammar and spelling rules are unchangeable	D．only adults have the ability to affect a language

2. From paragraph 3 we can know that_________.

A．we can change the English language

B．many languages are changing over years

C．English has changed little in the past 1,000 years

D．there were main changes in grammar and pronunciation

3. Why is the pronunciation of words changing?

A．people speak in different ways	B．people have adopted foreign words
C．it has been affected by American English	D．makers of dictionaries often change them

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．Foreign words involved in English.	B．The British speaks differently from Americans.
C．English language is changing over years.	D．You can change the English language.

6 . Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street? Perhaps they were busy talking, texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them. As the number of this new “species” of human has kept rising, they have been given a new name — phubbers (低头族).

Recently, a cartoon made by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight. In the short film, phubbers with various social identities（身份）are buried in their phones. A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die, a pretty woman takes selfie (自拍照)in front of a car accident site, and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone. A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world.

Although the ending sounds overstated (夸大), the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it. “Continuously stretching (伸展) your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck,” Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying, “the neck is like a rope that breaks after long-term stretching.” Also, staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually, according to the report.

But that’s not all. Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family. At reunions with family or friends, many people tend to（往往） stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere, Qilu Evening News reported.

It can also cost you your life. There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death, suffered accidents, and were robbed (抢劫) of their cell phones in broad daylight.

1. The author gives the example of a cartoon in Paragraph 2 ________________.

A．to advertise the cartoon made by students.

B．to inform people of the bad effects of phubbing.

C．to show the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers.

D．to warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients.

2. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “be buried in” ?

A．hide

B．use

C．cover

D．pay all attention to

3. A phubber may have all the possible problems except ____________?

A．His social skills could be affected.

B．His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed.

C．He will cause the destruction of the world.

D．He might get separated from his friends and family.

4. The author’s attitude towards phubbing is ___________.

A．negative (消极的).	B．supportive.
C．optimistic.	D．objective (客观的).