1 . In American culture, I am noticing a lack of respect, especially among children. This should be treated ________ since disrespectful children will become disrespectful adults. American culture is ________ the ways of teaching respect, while other cultures have methods that Americans could learn from.

Once I spent several months in Kenya living with a Maasai family. One of their customs is the ________ that the children give the adults. When an adult approaches children, they will ________and lean their heads slightly saying “Suppa”. The adult responses by saying “Ippa” and touching their heads. This simple act shows respect for the adult. The children ________ that they are their elder who deserves respect.

Later, I worked at a children’s home in Carolina where the children were taught to respect their elders. They ________me as “Mr. Vince” and every worker there with a “Mr, Mrs, or Ms.”. However, as I talk to teachers working with children now, there seems to be a ________ in such a friendly behavior that children give adults. Fewer students treat teachers with respect: Children frequently talk back to their teachers and ________ their authority (权威). Children ________ speak with other adults like waiters in the way as if they were close friends.

Immanuel Kant expressed two ________ attitudes still common today in Europe. One is that only humans freely choose to act on principles by ________ laws on themselves. It is this mind based on ________ that makes humans unique. Second, to learn to follow principles, a human child needs to learn to follow the laws of ________. They must practice ________ rules before they are able to practice autonomy (自主权). Kant said that “act in the way you want others to act in the situation, taking other people as persons, not ________ you use for your own goals”. Only in this way can you become a real person with intrinsic values.

2 . People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another _______ , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his _______ ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to _______ aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In _______ these and other research findings, two _______ themes are found: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _______ assistance.

In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. _______ , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be _______ , but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very _______ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to ________ the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.

The degree of ________ between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a (n) ________ T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.

Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone ________ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for ________ than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be ________ rather than drunk.

3 . Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full_________of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not_________on obvious facts, and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only reason for truth. He always checks ideas_________and makes experiments to prove them.

The rise of modern science may be considered to_________as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1294. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to suggest that we should learn science_________observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself_________many important truths.

Galileo(1564—1642), ________, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important_________could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, _________Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two__________stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo’s__________of going direct to nature, and proving our__________and theories by experiment, that has__________all the discoveries of modern science.

What makes those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that__________scientists are those whose observations have__________better results.

4 . A couple weeks ago, I tried to buy my teen a new bike. One local bike store told me their shipment was _______; I could return weeks later. A sporting goods chain said they had nothing proper, and I should try calling every week to _______ their latest goods — and rush there if they_______ to have it. Eventually I did _______ a bike.

The next thing I should buy is a fitted helmet (头盔). But that was still a _______ task. Given that most of teens I saw riding around were helmet-less, I guessed we were not _______ in the careless helmet use, and this thing was _______. But Zayden’s story alarmed me, whose life was changed by a bicycle-related accident. A week before that, his parents bought him a new _______ that he actually liked. Sadly, Zayden had _______ it at a friend’s home so he was riding without his helmet when hit by a motorcycle. Zayden was rushed to a hospital, with severe ________ injuries.

Statistics show over 240,000 teens were given ________ for bicycle-related injuries and suitable helmets can ________ the situation greatly. Zayden’s parents are ________ up with the hospital to spread the importance of bike helmets. When asked if there’s any ________ she would share, Zayden’s mom says, “No helmet, no riding, no ________.” And I knew I should get one immediately.

5 . Recently a Russian friend came to visit me. It was one of her lifelong dreams to visit London. She arrive at lunchtime and we _______ a tiring afternoon going round the Tower of London. However, by 5 o'clock I couldn't help _______ that she didn't seem as enthusiastic as she had been earlier. I asked if _______was wrong and she said, “This is all very interesting but where is the _______ and where are the men in bowler hats (圆顶礼帽)? Why did everyone _______ to get on the bus at the bus stop instead of making a queue? It's very _______ from the books I've read about England.”

Her _______ made me think. It's true that people don't _______ much any more: nowadays you often find that everyone just jumps on the bus. Or maybe this is only in London. Also the idea of a man standing up and offering his _______ to a woman on a train or bus is ________ these days, although my father still does it!

Speaking of the pollution: well, we all know that a hundred years ago there used to be fog all year round in London, but we ________ have much fog; nowadays we have pollution from all the cars! Over the last few years in ________ London had been one of the hottest places in Europe, although we still get more than enough rain in the season.

What about the city men in their working “uniform”? Well, you can still see some city gentlemen in their smart ________, but men hardly ever ________ bowler hats. A few things don't ________, though. If you try to start a conversation with an English person on the underground in London, she or he will probably look at you as if you were mad!

6 . During the recent school holidays I was walking past a playground on my way to a meeting. The thing that_______me was not the number of children enjoying the fresh air on a pleasant Queensland winter day, but the number of older people_______those children.

Sure, there were a few younger mums and dads, but there were_______more “old folk” who I doubt were all grandparents. It is great that they are able to_______quality time with their grandchildren. After all, we often hear people saying that their reason for retiring is that they can devote more time to their families. However, I_______how many grandparents are spending their retirement (退休) years taking on the role of full- or part-time_______of their grandchildren.   

Retirement is a valuable time. We are generally living much longer than our own grandparents did, but as we_______, we become more limited in our ability to pursue (追求) our own favourite. However, what if your plans for pursuing some of these lifetime dreams are _______，out of a sense of responsibility for your family?

So how can you keep a_______ balance between helping out your family and pursuing your dreams altogether? I'm not sure where the answer lies, but having an open and honest________   with your family should be at the top of the list. You need to nip sense of________ in the bud (对……一开始即加以阻止) — and sooner________later.

By all means, help your family whenever you can. Everyone will________from it, and your grandchildren will get the rewards from staying with their________. Do it because you want to, not because you feel you have to. In addition, spare time for ________ to pursue your dreams and ensure that nobody puts your retirement on hold.

10 . Shamarr Allen was dozing at home one evening Inst July when he was shocked awake by a TV news item. There had been a _______ among a group of children in the 7th Ward of New Orleans, and a nine-year-old boy named Devante Bryant had been killed. Allen was _______ and heartbroken. He thought of his own nine -year-old son.

_______ from the city's rough Lower 9th Ward, Allen is one of the most celebrated jazz trumpeters in the city. After seeing the _______ news that morning, it didn't take long for Allen to _______ a possible solution. He had a few spare _______ lying around. Maybe he could offer them to kids in exchange for their guns.

Allen named the _______ My Trumpet Is My Weapon. He met with the New Orleans mayor to _________ how to make children feel safe coming forward with their guns.

Allen has _______ seven guns so far, a small but symbolically important __________. But he doesn’t stop with the __________ of gun for instrument. After the exchanges, Allen connects the children with local __________ who give diem free virtual trumpet lessons.

More importantly, he has brought hope for his city and young people __________ for a better life. “I just say, ‘Look, I come from where you come from, and I can show you the __________ that got me out,’” says Allen. “And __________ may not be the way for you, but it will at least open your mind to see what's out there.”