1. 食物浪费的现象及危害；
2. 你爱惜食物的做法；
3.你的倡议。
注意：1.词数不少于80；
2..开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning,everyone.
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That's all. Thank you for listening.
2 . We are fortunate to live in a city that encourages bicycling as a means of transportation.Our local government has promoted bicycling by improving bike lanes and increasing the number of them. The growing number of cyclists, however, brings this question to mind: should bicyclists be required to share the responsibilities of the road? Automobile drivers have to take competency tests, follow established regulations, and accept punishment for breaking rules. The city requests drivers to register and license their vehicles to ensure accountability (责任）. Bicyclists who use public roadways should be held accountable, too.
Let's look at what sharing the road means. For one thing, it should involve cost sharing.Auto registration and license fees are used, in part, for building and maintaining roadways. It seems only reasonable to ask bicyclists to contribute to transportation funding as well.
More importantly,sharing the road includes accountability. When drivers ignore the rules of the road, the police and other motorists have the opportunity to identify them by their license plate number and report their offenses (违法行为）。 This isn't true for bicyclists. I've seen bicyclists moving quickly between lanes.Because they show no identification, they feel protected by anonymity(匿名）。What good would it do to report to the police “I saw a guy on a red bike blow through the stoplight"? The simple act of making bicyclists identifiable would encourage safer, more responsible riding.
Of course,I've heard arguments against asking cyclists to register and license their bikes. Some people might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Would you require a six-year-old rider to take a test and pay a fee?" Obviously, the city could determine an age when cycling would be considered a "means of transportation on public roads." Other people argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes don't damage the roadways as cars do. Bicycle registration fees could be comparatively modest, and the method for displaying a license number could be simple.
Many U.S. cities and towns now implement bike registration and licensing. A statute(法规）from one. California town states that the laws regulating bicycles have a dual purpose, antitheft and safety. I'm eager to see more bicyclists on the road, and I'm hoping for riders who take their responsibilities seriously.
1. To advocate responsible cycling, the author suggests| A．increasing the number of bike lanes |
| B．giving competency tests to all cyclists |
| C．identifying cyclists through registration |
| D．reporting cycling offenses more frequently |
| A．To explain how bicycle registration and licensing work. |
| B．To provide solutions to reduce irresponsible cycling of kids. |
| C．To respond to people's doubts about holding cyclists accountable. |
| D．To argue against requiring cyclists to register and license their bicycles. |
① Using examples
② Quoting professionals
③ Comparing and contrasting
④ Appealing to readers' emotions
| A．①② |
| B．②④ |
| C．③④ |
| D．①③ |
| A．Should we encourage more cycling in the city? |
| B．Should cyclists register and license their bikes? |
| C．What does "sharing the road" mean to cyclists? |
| D．How can road safety be guaranteed for cyclists? |
3 . While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked－remotely－to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?
In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven’t searched the Internet to get the right answers.
Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.
Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student’s identities using personal information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.
Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.
1. Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?| A．To correct her typing mistakes. | B．To find her secrets in the room. |
| C．To keep her from dishonest behaviors. | D．To prevent her from slowing down. |
| A．sharpening tool | B．advanced technique |
| C．effective rule | D．dividing line |
| A．scanning the Internet test questions |
| B．checking the question answering speed |
| C．producing a large number of questions |
| D．giving difficult test questions |
| A．The Advantages of Online Exams |
| B．The High-tech Methods in Online Courses |
| C．The War against the Booming of Online Education |
| D．The Fight against Cheating in Online Education |
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries,
When Veronika Scott was a student at the College for Creative Studies in Detroit. Michigan, she received a task to “design to fill a need.”She dreamed up an idea for overcoats that would double as sleeping bags, made 25 of them, and handed them out to people living in shelters on an abandoned city playground. While her efforts were greeted mostly with enthusiasm from those braving Detroit's cold winters, one woman voiced dissatisfaction. “We don't need coats; we need jobs.” she told Veronika. Then she had her second inspiration.
After graduating from college in 2012, Veronika founded the Empowerment Plan, a nonprofit organization. She hired two homeless women to sew the coats and paid them with donations she received through her blog. Now, the Empowerment Plan employs about 20 people and has produced more than 10,000 coats and distributed them in 30 states, Canada, and elsewhere abroad.
“We don't require previous employment,” Veronika says. “We’re looking for people who are motivated." The Empowerment Plan provides free classes and lends money to those who qualify. Nearly all the employees eventually move into permanent housing, and some get jobs in the auto industry and construction.
Veronika has bettered the coat's design by making its outer layer of a lightweight material that resists air, wind, and water and its inner layer of a material that stores body heat. Still, Veronika is less focused on the coats than on the workers who make them. “At the end of the day,” she says, “the coat is a vehicle for us to employ people.”
1. What did Veronika Scott do to finish her task from her studies? (no more than 15 words)2. Where did Veronika Scott get her second inspiration?(no more than 10 words)
3. What is Veronika’s purpose of founding Empowerment Plan? (no more than 10 words)
4. What does the underlined word mean in the Paragraph?(no more than 1 words)
5. What do you think of Veronika? Why? (no more than 20 words)
The Chinese language has become increasingly popular in the world. More British students chose to take Chinese tests than German in this year's A levels, showing a great
This is the first time that Mandarin
A total of 3，334 candidates chose Mandarin
French and Spanish still remain the most popular foreign languages. The German language
According to the Office of Chinese Language Council International, as of 2017, some 100 million people, excluding native speakers, use Chinese
South Korea has a
The United Nations in 2010 suggested a Chinese Language Day which falls on April 20th each year to celebrate cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all official languages.
7 . The way individuals collectively remember, forget, and recall event, people, places, etc, has been an important topic of research on collective memory.
More recently, memory study scholars tend to stress the significance of the media in shaping collective memories: “Culture and individuals’ memory are constantly produced through the technologies of memory.” Under this perspective, research often involves content analysis of news and the use of surveys or interviews for analyzing the public memory.
However, developments in digital technologies in recent years have significantly influenced how we keep track of events both as individuals and as a collective. “The Internet doesn’t forget.” The Internet has had strong impacts on memory and the processes of remembering and forgetting.
| A．Research on collective memory is often based on various aspects. |
| B．There are a few simple things a person can do to help improve their memory. |
| C．Maurice Halbwachs is recognized as the father of collective memory research. |
| D．Although all Americans recalled similar events,the interpretation changed over the generations. |
| E．Also,scholars have studied the role of journalists as collective memory agents by analyzing their stories. |
| F．Recently developed information technologies have affected how we create,store and recall information. |
| G．Meanwhile,it has transformed collective memory into an observable phenomenon that can be tracked and measured online. |
8 . Are you fed up with staring at a computer screen for hours straight just to review your classes? It’s a problem that many of us encounter(遭遇).So why not pick your headset and learn via a podcast?
Podcast, or boke, refers to a range of audio programs on different audio platforms. According to China Daily, podcasts have become popular among young Chinese people who would like to enjoy the peace and power of learning through sound.
Established in 2012, China’s largest online audio platform, Ximalaya saw its subscribers pass 600 million by December 2019.Among these users over 46 percent were born between 1990s and 2000s.On average, active users listen to podcasts for nearly three hours per day.
The emergence of domestic(国内的)online radio platforms and the convenience brought about by smart devices are certainly two reasons for the popularity of the format.Its flexible nature also makes it a winner among the young audience.
“Audio is a good medium for content that can break the limit of time and space,” Jiang Feng, vice-president of Ximalaya, told China Daily. He added that podcasts have become an important channel for people to acquire information and knowledge .It also can accompany listeners in many different circumstances including working ,studying, exercising, traveling and just before going to bed.
Apart from providing company, the new media form also gives people a platform to speak out about important issues.
A senior high school student who wanted to be admitted to the Central Academy of Drama failed his national college entrance examination twice. He talked about the pressure he faced on an audio program called Please Listen, launched by Mango TV on Feb 19,2020.The program was designed to relieve audiences’ worries by sharing their own stories.
Podcasts tend to be a discussion, and just like real life conversations, they follow a flexible structure and usually last for at least an hour. More often than not, you can’t summarize two or three important points from those conversations, like you could from articles. They often do not have conclusions, either. It’s a very freeform medium that is very friendly to listeners,” Pan Aijuan,a podcast listener and book editor at a publishing house, told China Daily.
At the same time, the use of podcasts trains people to first listen to others before offering one’s own opinions. It helps build up our patience and listening skills. Cheng Yanliang, a co-founder of the podcast Left and Right, stated that“ audio programs can filter（减缓）those bad-tempered people who would lose patience after reading several paragraphs and start writing awful comments to insult others”.
With such advantages,“ podcasts are entering the mainstream(主流)in China”, noted China Daily.
1. Why does the author mention Ximalaya in the third paragraph?| A．To inform the readers of its fast development. |
| B．To show the impact it has on users. |
| C．To discuss the characteristics of podcasts. |
| D．To demonstrate the popularity of podcasts in China. |
| A．To help audiences ease their worries. |
| B．To amuse audiences in different ways. |
| C．To allow audiences to comment on current affairs. |
| D．To give audiences a platform to acquire knowledge. |
| A．They can accompany listeners in different circumstances. |
| B．They provide listeners with a sea of information. |
| C．Their content usually follows a flexible structure. |
| D．It is quite easy to draw a conclusion from a podcast. |
| A．They can make people more cheerful. |
| B．They can make people more patient. |
| C．They can make people lose their temper more easily. |
| D．They can help break the habit of insulting people online. |
9 . Many on the Mountain
We often see people waiting in lines at supermarkets, theatres and amusement parks. Surprisingly, some people even have to wait in line at the summit (顶峰)of Qomolangma in the Himalayas.
The best time to climb the Himalayas is during the months of April and May, as well as some days in September and October. "In these periods of recent years, the path contains rocks and deep crack from melting ice due to the warm weather, which make expeditions up the mountain more dangerous,said Apa, an experienced Nepalese guide. During this year's climbing season, crowds of climbers became stuck in a long line near the summit. The line is above the mountain's highest campsite — about 8,000 meters above sea level.
However, most people can only spend a few minutes at the summit without extra oxygen supplies. Twenty-one mountaineers have died in the Himalayan mountains so far this year, according to Gripped, a magazine dedicated to mountain climbing. Eleven of these climbers died on Qomolangma.
This death count marks a four-year high. Overcrowding, inexperience and poor weather have been the most common causes of death, USA Today reported.
After these tragedies, one question remains: Why do so many people risk their lives to climb the mountain? The answer differs from climber to climber. Studies suggest that people who take risks tend to perceive themselves differently than people who avoid risky activities. But for adventurers who are drawn to the Himalayas, reaching the summit of Qomolangma is a lifelong dream, according to Discovery News.
''Qomolangma is like a light to bugs that attracts people once they hear about it. It represents the ultimate for many people, '' US mountaineer Alan Arnette said. Technological advances have also encouraged more people to climb the mountain. People can get high-tech safety equipment more easily than before. And with the internet, climbers know better than ever about how to reach the summit safely, Yahoo Travel noted.
1. What happened during this year's climbing season on Qomolangma?| A．Many climbers got stuck due to a snowstorm. |
| B．Climbers had to wait in line near the summit. |
| C．The highest campsite was closed for safety reasons. |
| D．There were not enough oxygen supplies for climbers. |
| A．21 climbers have lost their lives on Qomolangma this year. |
| B．This year's climber death count is four times more than last year's. |
| C．Climbers who have less experience may have a higher risk of death. |
| D．Climbers can only spend a few minutes at the summit of Qomolangma. |
| A．Think. | B．Change. | C．Pretend. | D．Promise. |
| A．The risks on Qomolangma. |
| B．Mountaineers lifelong dream. |
| C．Causes of mountaineers, deaths. |
| D．Reasons for climbing Qomolangma. |
I am writing in reply to your article about homelessness in Ledchester as it raises questions about whether or how we should give money to charity.
There are now so many chances to give to charity in the UK these days that it can be difficult to know what is best to do. As your article said, if you go shopping in Ledchester city centre, there will be many chances to give money to charity, or to homeless people who look poor, tired and cold, but the solution is not as easy as you seem to think. Can I be sure that the person won’t spend the money on alcohol(酒) or drugs? You seem to have forgotten the research which showed that 9 out of 10 people begging on the street spend the money they are given on alcohol and drugs. Also, can I be sure that the person isn’t one of those “professional beggars” who simply pretend to be homeless and poor?
I think a more effective way to give money is to buy things in one of the many charity shops in Ledchester such as the Oxfam shop. This isn’t really charity as you are buying something, but you know the money is going to a good cause.
In recent years, as we all know, there have been a lot of big events organized to raise money for charity. Many will remember “Live Aid”. Lots of famous bands got together to hold a concert and make a record with all the money going to Ethiopia because of the food shortages there. The BBC also has a “Children in Need” day every year. In one sense you could say that these events are very successful as they raise a lot of money. However, I don’t believe that these events solve the real problems. In my view, these events just allow people to feel good about themselves for a day and then forget about charity and problems in the developing world for the rest of the year. My wife and I decided to support a child. We give a certain amount of money every month and this goes to pay for the education of a girl in Ethiopia. I would encourage your readers to support a child too. We don’t know if it is the best way to help, but at least it is something.
Yours faithfully,
Tom Blinson
1. From Paragraph 2, we know that __________.| A．big charity events can solve many problems |
| B．there are so many homeless people in the UK |
| C．beggars are pretending to be homeless and poor |
| D．money given to beggars may not be spent wisely |
| A．To help organize charity events. | B．To buy things in a charity shop. |
| C．To give money to homeless people. | D．To cover the full cost of a poor kid. |
| A．Positive. | B．Objective. |
| C．Unconcerned. | D．Negative. |
| A．present facts | B．give advice |
| C．explain an idea | D．offer encouragement |
