Woodblock printing first appeared in the early Tang period. During the Song dynasty, the technique of block printing was very advanced. Books were
However, block printing
The technique of printing was gradually known to other Asian countries and Europe. The great influence printing had
2 . It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods, the need to buy things, is a relatively modern invention.
Humans are born to trade.
Ancient local coastal people in northern Australia traded fish hooks, along a chain of trading partners, with people living 400 miles inland, who cut and polished local stone to make axes (斧子).
Trade in the necessities of life, such as food and simple tools, is not really surprising, considering the link between these basic items and survival. What is surprising, though, is that our taste for unnecessary expensive objects also goes back a long way.
In South Africa, 100,000-year-old decorative dyes (染料) have been found in an area where none were produced.
Archaeologists argue that trade prepared the way for the complex societies in which we live today.
A.And we don’t need shops or money to do it. |
B.These are powerful evidence for cash purchase. |
C.In fact, its roots go back to the beginning of humanity. |
D.However, first trade began from the exchange of objects. |
E.Modern-day shoppers may not be impressed by ancient glass pieces. |
F.It is thought that these goods were bought at least 30 kilometres away. |
G.Every individual along the chain made a profit, even if he produced neither himself. |
3 . In the early days of the Ming Dynasty, that is, early in the 15th century, China was an advanced country in the world, with a booming economy and prosperous culture.
In 1405, a huge fleet of more than 300 ships manned by over 27,800 men set sail from Liujia Harbor near Suzhou on a distant voyage under the command of Zheng He.
In all, he had made calls at over 30 countries and territories.
The voyages by Zheng He strengthened the friendly relations between China and other countries in Asia and Africa and led to cultural and economic exchange between them. Therefore, his expeditions could rightfully be called “one of greatest achievements in mankind’s history of navigation”.
A.Zheng served as commander of the fleet. |
B.The response of the rulers was very generous. |
C.On board the ships were large quantities of goods. |
D.The Great Ming Empire launched a series of marine activities. |
E.On each voyage, Zheng He acted as the representative of the Ming court. |
F.All this had taken place about half a century before Columbus’ voyage to America. |
G.Zheng He’s second and third voyages taken shortly after, followed the same route. |