1 . A ship that sank off the coast of California decades ago was recently reconstructed in detail. The 3D digital model even included hundreds of sponges (海绵动物) that have gathered on the ship’s surface since it sank.

Named American Heritage, the supply ship sank in Santa Monica Bay on May 4, 1995, and for decades its exact location was unknown. Researchers with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) spotted a strange shape in that area in 2008. But it wasn’t until May 2018 that MBARI scientists identified its exact location and mapped the site in detail, showing what appeared to be a shipwreck (失事船只).

Even then, the identity of the shipwreck was uncertain. Yet another MBARI team revisited the location to do further exploration. They sent remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and took photos of the damaged ship. Though it was covered with deep-sea sponges and other animals, the scientists were able to spot letters spelling out its name, confirming that the shipwreck was American Heritage.

As one of the MBARI scientists who found American Heritage, chief ROV pilot Knute Brekke had worked on the ship before. And he was on duty with the diving company American Pacific Marine — the owner of American Heritage — the night the ship began taking in water and eventually sank.

MBARI spokesperson Kim Fulton -Bennett said to Live Science about the discovery, “The model is not complete, as floating ropes and poor visibility kept the pilots from getting too close to the wreck. But the 3D reconstruction is detailed enough to show that American Heritage is now home to thousands of sponges. Shipwrecks often turn into the shelter for diverse communities of ocean life.”

1. What is the main idea of the text?

A．A valuable treasure was discovered.

B．Special sponges were found under sea.

C．3D model reconstructed a sunken ship.

D．A sunken ship was gotten out of water.

2. Which is the right order of the following events?
① Something strange was found in the area.
② ROVs were sent under sea to take photos.
③ A ship sank in Santa Monica Bay.
④ The identity of the ship was confirmed.
⑤ Scientists tried to locate the shipwreck.

A．②③⑤④①	B．③①⑤②④
C．⑤③①④②	D．④③①②⑤

3. What can we learn about Knute Brekke?

A．He was familiar with the sunken ship.

B．He was in charge of a diving company.

C．He was responsible for the rescue work.

D．He was the first one to witness the accident.

4. What’s Kim Fulton-Bennett’s attitude towards the 3D model?

A．Critical.

B．Doubtful.

C．Amazed.

D．Objective.

2 . Bill Bowerman was a track coach.He wanted to help athletes run faster. So he had learned how to make running shoes. He had also started a shoe company with a friend. It was 1971. Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes(鞋钉)on the sole(鞋底). The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners.

To make a lighter shoe, Bill tried the skins of fish. To make a better sole, he wanted to replace the spikes. Bill look through his wife Barbara's jewelry box. He hoped to find a piece of jewelry with an interesting pattern. He would then copy the pattern onto the new soles. Nothing worked. Bill was stumped. Then, one Sunday morning, Barbara made Bill waffles(华夫饼)for breakfast. Bill watched her cook. He studied the cross pattern on their old waffle iron.

Inspiration(灵感)hit.

The pattern on a waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for. The squares were fatter and wider than sharp spikes. The pattern would help the shoes grip (抓牢) any surface without tearing into it.

When Barbara left the house, Bill ran to his lab. He took the liquid chemicals that, when mixed, would harden into the sole of a shoe. He poured the mixture into the waffle iron and the Waffle Trainer was born.

Bill's company put the Waffle Trainer on the market in 1974. It was a huge hit. Maybe you've heard of that company called Nike. And today it's worth around $100 billion.

It was the waffle iron that had changed the course of Bill's life and helped turn Nike into a well-known name. Today, the waffle iron is kept at Nike headquarters. It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the toughest problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places，even the breakfast table.

1. What was wrong with the running shoes before the Wattle Trainer was made?

A．They were easily worn out.	B．The spikes hurt runners' feet.
C．The spikes were sharp and heavy.	D．They were too expensive.

2. What does the underlined word "stumped" in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Inspired.	B．Defeated.
C．Satisfied.	D．Doubted.

3. What can we say about the birth of Waffle Trainer?

A．It was made quite by accident.	B．It was invented by Bill's wife.
C．It was based on many lab tests.	D．It was supported by another company.

4. What can we learn from Bill's experience?

A．Where there's a will, there's a way.	B．Good is rewarded with good.
C．Two heads are better than one.	D．A misfortune may turn out a blessing.

3 . Can we humans avoid war? Can war be prevented ?

    1    . Throughout the ages, from the Stone Age to the Atomic Age, men     have been fighting, first with swords and shields, then with pins and cannous, and now,hydrogen bombs and missiles are used for military purpose. But, in spite of all these. it is still belief that war can prevented and prace can be won, but it requires the effort of every one of us.

    2    If it ever happens, two - thirds of the world and much of the civilization which men have gained   through time,patience and effort will be destroyed.Will then the remaining one - third of the world be able to   survive on its own?

Our task now is not to blame the past，but to plan for the future.

If there is peace in the world, men can use their rockets to explore the mystery of space,their submarines to explore the depth of the sea,their missiles to deliver to mails and their fine equipment to penetrate(穿透）jungles of Africa ,instead of using them military.

Governments can use their money to build more schools,so that more children can be educated to be useful citizens.    3    , They can also design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve the way of the people.

    4    It requires,in my opinion,the understanding and friendship be-tween all people from all nations.Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of color,race,reli-gion,or national origin.Let the rich support the poor and the strong help the weak.

We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in a day or month.    5    .But let us plan and begin now.

A．How can a peaceful world be achieved?

B．The process may even take decades or centuries.

C．Peace can be won through the efforts of all human beings.

D．Things for military use can be transformed to peaceful use.

E．Scientists can use atomic energy to power steamships and planes.

F．I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war,

G．History tells that there were wars, great or small，in every century, in every decade.

4 . A total of 17 paintings worth between 10 and 15 million euros were stolen at a museum in northern Italy,local officials said.

Three armed men with masked faces broke into the Castelvecchio Museum in Verona at night, a local newspaper reported.Located inside a castle which was built in 1354, the Castelvecchio Museum is one of the most important museums in the northern city.

The stolen paintings included masterworks from Andrea Mantegna, Jacopo Tintoretto, Peter Paul Rubens, Jacopo Bellini, Hans de Jode and other world-famous artists.

The group controlled the only private security guard who was there and the cashier, and then forced the guard to accompany them to the rooms where they stole the paintings.

Verona Mayor Flavio Tosi, who stayed at the scene until late in the night, said that surely someone sent them, because they acted professionally, and knew what they were looking for."The paintings stolen,"he added,"basically are the most valuable works on display."An investigation was opened over the theft.

The museum displays a very important collection of Italian and European art in 29 rooms on various levels exhibiting early Christian finds, Lombard gold work, sculptures from the 10th to the 14th century, medieval arms and armor, and paintings from the 14th to the 18th century.

The museum's director, Paola Marini, called herself shocked by the theft. The experienced art historian, who is about to leave her post after over 20 years, was receiving an award in a nearby restaurant when she was informed of what had happened.

The theft came just a day after two stolen paintings recently recovered by Italian heritage police were displayed in Rome during a ceremony attended by President Sergio Mattarella and Culture Minister Dario Franceschini.

1. Where does the article probably come from?

A．A journal.	B．A newspaper.
C．A magazine.	D．A storybook.

2. What do we know about the theft from the passage?

A．The stolen paintings are never on display.

B．The cashier asked the stealers to do it.

C．The security guard was killed.

D．The stealers were sent to do it.

3. What do we know about the Castelvecchio Museum?

A．It is used as a castle.

B．It was built in 1354.

C．It is in the north of Italy.

D．It is the most important museum in Italy.

4. What do we know about Paola Marini?

A．She was charged with the theft.

B．She was about to leave the museum when the theft happened.

C．She was having dinner outside when the theft took place.

D．She has been in charge of the museum for many years.

5 . During his years, American author Mark Twain noted that "life would be surely happier if we could only be born at the age of 80 and gradually approach 18". Twain's words were only one of many complaints about aging that have been recorded for as long as humans have feared the downside of a long life. The ancient Greek poet Homer called old age"hateful", and William Shakespeare termed it "terrible winter".

Alexander the Great, who conquered most of the known world before he died around 323 BC, may have been looking for a river that treated the damage of age. During the 12th century AD, a king known as Prester John ruled a land that had a river of gold and a fountain of youth.

But the name linked most closely to the search for a fountain of youth is 16th-century Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León, who thought it would be found in Florida. In St. Augustine, the oldest city in the US, there's a tourist attraction that purports(标榜) to be the fountain of youth that Ponce de León discovered soon after he arrived in what is now Florida in 1513. However,elderly visitors who drink the spring's water don't turn into teenagers.

But the tale of the search for a fountain of youth is so attracting that it survives anyway, says Ryan K. Smith, a professor of history. "People are more interested by the story of looking and not finding it than they are by the idea that the fountain might be out there somewhere."

Still, a few grains of truth have helped the story. Kathleen Deagan, a professor,says a cemetery(墓地) and the remains of a Spanish mission dating back to St. Augustine's founding in 1565 have been discovered near the so-called fountain of youth. Michelle Reyna, a spokesperson for the Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park in St. Augustine, says the fountain has been a tourist attraction since at least the 1900s and may have been attracting visitors since the 1860s.

1. Who is the most famous to look for the fountain of youth?

A．A king known as Prester John.

B．Ryan K. Smith,a professor of history.

C．Alexander the Great.

D．Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León.

2. What is the attitude of people towards the fountain of youth?

A．People find much pleasure in looking for it.

B．People believe the existence of it.

C．People have no interest in searching for it.

D．People consider the idea of the fountain of youth to be absurd.

3. The earliest city was built in America in _____.

A．1901	B．1565
C．1860	D．1513

4. The passage is mainly about ______.

A．where the fountain of youth comes from

B．why some famous people hate becoming old

C．how people can remain young forever

D．whether the fountain of youth exists

6 . What happens when you want to go from one place to another, but there's water in the way？That's the problem people faced for hundreds of years in the area that is now New York City. In the city, there is a natural canal called the Narrows, separating Brooklyn on one side from Staten Island on the other.

But the Narrows isn't really so narrow. The water is almost a mile wide, and it's more than 100 feet deep.     1     When they wanted to talk to each other, they climbed into their boats and sailed across.

By the late 1800s, circumstances had changed dramatically. Population growth meant there were now many people needing to travel between Staten Island and Brooklyn for work.     2    

Between 1888 and 1920 there were two major efforts to build a train tunnel to connect the areas.     3     Proposals to build a connecting bridge made during the 1910s also ended in failure due to opposition from the US Navy.

Finally, after World War II, there were so many people living in New York City that leaders decided Brooklyn and Staten Island needed a direct connection. Since tunnels were too expensive, they decided to build a bridge. The design selected had two separate roadways stacked on top of each other.     4     Construction, which took five years, was completed in 1964 and cost $320 million. Today about 190,000 cars and trucks cross the bridge every day.

    5     But in the case of the Narrows, figuring out a good solution took hundreds of years.

A．Sometimes getting from one place to another is easy.

B．Both were quickly abandoned however due to the high costs involved.

C．Neither road was large enough to satisfy the existing transport demands.

D．It was anticipated that the new train system would help the areas grow even faster.

E．Taking a boat every time was very slow, expensive and, in bad weather, unreliable.

F．Both would hang in the air from thick steel cables, supported by two giant steel towers.

G．For a long time that wasn't a problem, because only a few people lived in Brooklyn and Staten Island.

7 . Zhoukoudian is a small village situated about 50 kilometers to Beijing City. In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there which changed people’s view of China’s history. They came from an unknown species of man and were the first evidence of human life in China thousands of years ago. The remains were three teeth!

In 1929, a complete skull was also discovered. Eventually, archaeologists found almost 200 items, including six skulls and more than 150 teeth. These discoveries proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago. Four sites where Peking Man and their relatives lived were discovered on the northern face of Longgushan. They lived in the caves in the area.

However, the lifespan of Peking Man was short. About 70% of the people probably died before the age of 14. Fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. Ashes were found alongside the fossils, which showed they had used fire for cooking food and also for light, warmth, and protection against wild animals. This is the earliest evidence of the use of fire in the world. They also made tools of bones and stones.

Unfortunately, when Japan invaded China in 1937, excavations at the Peking Man Site stopped and most of the fossils disappeared, including a Peking Man skull. After the People’s Republic of China was established in 1949, the work started again.

Zhoukoudian was listed as a World Heritage Site in December 1987. It has not only given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution. Today, parts of the caves have been badly eroded (侵蚀) by rain. Some areas are almost completely covered in weeds, causing serious damage. Pollution from the nearby factories has also contributed to the problem. This is a very serious matter and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to raise public awareness of it.

1. According to the passage, archaeologists ______.

A．thought that Zhoukoudian was a beautiful village

B．thought that the findings wouldn’t change the history of China

C．discovered some prehistoric human bones in Zhoukoudian

D．thought that the findings were the first evidence of human life in Asia

2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．The digging was delayed by the Japanese invasion in the 1930s.

B．These ancient Chinese were the first people to use fire in daily life.

C．Some valuable things excavated from the site are still missing.

D．The digging of Zhoukoudian is famous and is well funded.

3. From the passage, we can infer that ______.

A．Peking Man had a short life

B．Peking Man lived in the caves of Longgushan

C．the work of excavating the Peking Man Site didn’t proceed smoothly

D．archaeologists found six complete skulls and more than 150 teeth in 1929

4. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?

A．The digging of Zhoukoudian is still under way.

B．Zhoukoudian plays an important part in the study of prehistoric societies.

C．Zhoukoudian is a World Heritage Site.

D．Zhoukoudian is in great need of protection.

8 . A valuable sketch (素描) from World WarⅠhas turned up in a garage sale in Perth. It’s a sketch of soldiers playing soccer with a tin can during an unofficial truce (停战) between German and Allied soldiers on the Western Front in 1914. The artwork was drawn by an unnamed German soldier during the war on the Western Front.

The artwork was given to Private Jack Shelley, a British soldier, when he was defending the town of Frelinghien, France. The sketch is an important historical document, as it provides evidence that the tales of enemy soldiers socializing together are true. But for Private Shelley’s descendants(后代) it has even greater value, since it was his prized possession. Jessie Shelley, Jack’s great-granddaughter, has fond memories of the old man sharing stories about his experiences in the war when he came to live permanently in Australia in 1930. the family lost track of the artwork after Jack’s possessions were moved during the sale of his house when he died in 1984.

‘Great-grandpa had a tobacco tin with a dozen or so buttons from the uniforms of men from both sides. He told us all the details of every one of those buttons. To Great-grandpa they represented real people he had known, some of whom hadn’t come home from the war. He had at least two buttons from German uniforms that he told us were exchanged between the men involved in the Christmas Day Truce.’

On Christmas Day of 1914, the soldiers came out of their trenches(战壕) into no-man’s-land and shared food, drinks and cigarettes. Some even exchanged small gifts. The men even played football games together. Later, this spirit of cooperation continued in unofficial agreements between the sides to stop shooting at mealtimes and even at times when soldiers were working in the open.

This fascinating image of peace and humanity during the war has continued through the years. The sketch is a symbol of the potential for humanity, hope and kindness to exist in even the most violent circumstances.

1. In what situation was the sketch done?

A．It was done in a garage

B．It was done on the front line.

C．It was done during a formal soccer match.

D．It was done by a soldier fighting in Germany.

2. Why is this sketch an important historical document?

A．It explains the specific reason for the war.

B．It shows the war on the Western Front came to an end.

C．It proves enemy soldiers could live in peace sometimes.

D．It is evidence that soldiers could adapt quickly to society.

3. What did Private Shelly say about the buttons in the tobacco tin?

A．They were from German uniforms.

B．Some of them represented his honor.

C．Some of their owners didn’t survive the war.

D．They were collected during Christmas Day in 1914.

4. What impact did the Christmas Day Truce have?

A．It brought about more truces.

B．It started wide information exchanges.

C．It led to no agreement between the sides.

D．It resulted in more celebrations between the sides.

9 . It is sometimes thought that the longing for material goods, the need to buy things, is a relatively modern invention.     1     Trade or shopping is certainly an ancient desire, and existed before our ancestors invented writing, laws, cities or farming, even before they used metal to make tools.

Humans are born to trade.     2     Evidence from hunter-gatherers suggests that the exchange of food and other necessary things comes naturally, as well as the ability to keep a record of the credits involved. And once trade begins, the benefits are hard to resist.

Ancient local coastal people in northern Australia traded fish hooks, along a chain of trading partners, with people living 400 miles inland, who cut and polished local stone to make axes (斧子).     3     Finally, both groups of “producers”, by concentrating on things they could produce and exchanging them for other things they needed, benefited as a result.

Trade in the necessities of life, such as food and simple tools, is not really surprising, considering the link between these basic items and survival. What is surprising, though, is that our taste for unnecessary expensive objects also goes back a long way.

In South Africa, 100,000-year-old decorative dyes (染料) have been found in an area where none were produced.     4     Small round pieces of glass 76,000 years old were also found at the same place. The earliest jewellery known to us were not just random findings — they were grouped together in size and had holes like those used for threading onto a necklace.

Archaeologists argue that trade prepared the way for the complex societies in which we live today.     5     However, their modern equivalents — fast cars and expensive clothes — hold the same attraction for us as “trade goods” did for people 100,000 years ago.

A．And we don’t need shops or money to do it.

B．These are powerful evidence for cash purchase.

C．In fact, its roots go back to the beginning of humanity.

D．However, first trade began from the exchange of objects.

E．Modern-day shoppers may not be impressed by ancient glass pieces.

F．It is thought that these goods were bought at least 30   kilometres   away.

G．Every individual along the chain made a profit, even if he produced neither himself.

10 . Exploring the sands on the beach, Tonya III man came across a lidless boule. She picked it up, looked inside and noticed something. She turned it upside down. Out came a damp, neatly rolled piece of paper. Tonya took it home, dried and unrolled it.

What caught her eye was the year field, 18      . Though at first sceptical of finding something this old so easily, she continued reading. It began with some coordinates (坐标). Below was a request in German asking the bolded finder to put down the date and location of where it was found and return it to the nearer German embassy.

The Illmans took the note Rosa Anderson, a curator (馆长) at the Western Australian Museum. Soon Anderson called, saying he had been able to locate a 19th - century ship named Paula. Even more exciting was that experts in Germany were able to track down Paula’s logbooks and find a record by a “Captain O. Diekmann,” confirming that a bottle had been thrown overboard on June 12. 1886 - the date on the message. The sailor had also listed the coordinates of the ship’s location, which matched the ones on the note. Another evidence of the note’s truth was the logbook’s neat script (手稿), which paired perfectly with that of the handwritten message. The records also indicated that the bottle was one of the thousands thrown by the seamen back then as part of an experiment to track the water currents.

Anderson believes the note remained undamaged because it was put in a strong bottle with a narrow opening which allowed little water in, even after the lid came off. The expert guessed it had been probably washed ashore and remained buried in the thick sand.

The 131 - year - old note, now lying in the Western Australia Museum, was confirmed as the oldest message in a bottle ever discovered.

1. What’s the purpose of writing this text?

A．To advertise for the Western Australia Museum.

B．To praise the Illmans for their important discovery.

C．To explain how the note came to light and its value.

D．To describe the habits of the seamen in the 19th century.

2. How did Tonya Illman feel when she first saw the words on the note?

A．Astonished.	B．Doubtful.
C．Optimistic.	D．Overjoyed.

3. What proved the truth of the 131 - year - old note?

A．The records in Paula’s logbooks.

B．The date and words written on it.

C．The location where it was found.

D．The sailor’s experiment to follow the water currents.

4. The note remained in good condition probably because      .

A．the note was handwritten

B．the lid of its container came off

C．the bottle had been floating in the sea

D．its container had stayed buried in the sand