1 . Lawmakers in Massachusetts have introduced a law that would ban children in the seventh grade or younger from playing tackle football（冲撞式橄榄球）.The Act for No Organized Head Impacts to Schoolchildren, or the NO HITS Act, was introduced last month in an effort to protect children’s heads from blows while at a particularly fragile age.

The bill, which would still allow flag or touch football to be played, would cause fines of up to $2,000 for each time the law is broken. People who frequently break the law, or those whose actions cause physical harm, would face bigger fines.

“It’s all about kids’ health and we have a number of studies that say that repeated contacts（接触） to the head are very bad for you and the younger that starts, the worse it is," said Rep. Paul A. Schmid III （D）,who introduced the bill with House Minority Leader Bradley Jones （R）.

According to a 2017 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, researchers examining 111 brains belonging to former NFL （National Football League） players found the brain disease Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, or CTE, in 110 of them. The disease is associated with repeated head injuries, not just concussions（脑震荡）,and is generally found in athletes, retired soldiers and others with a history of repetitive brain injuries, according to the Concussion Legacy Foundation, a non—profit organization that works to study, treat and prevent future                                                     cases of brain injuries among athletes and other at—risk groups.

Similar laws have been considered elsewhere in the country, including California and Illinois last year, though they didn’t secure enough votes to become law. Those against previously proposed（提议的）bans have argued that adequate progress has been achieved to make the sport safer and that the sport offers too many benefits for children to totally avoid it.

Several former NFL players, who have been directly or indirectly affected by CTE, have argued differently, however. “I made the mistake of starting tackle football at 9 years old. Now, CTE has taken my life away.Y outh tackle football is all risk with no reward," Pro Football Hall of Famer Nick Buoniconti told CNN last year.

1. Why was the law introduced by lawmakers in Massachusetts?

A．To make tackle football safer for players.

B．To ban children from doing sports too young.

C．To encourage the popularity of some safe sports.

D．To keep young children from suffering brain injuries.

2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The reason why the sport is forbidden.

B．The consequences of breaking the new law.

C．The causes of the new law in Massachusetts.

D．The fines of playing tackle football incorrectly.

3. What does the author want to show by mentioning the 2017 study?

A．Future cases of brain injuries can be reduced.

B．NFL players used to pay much attention to CTE.

C．Repeated head blows can result in brain diseases.

D．Brain injuries can really be prevented with action.

4. Which would most probably show Nick Buoniconti’s opinion?

A．Tackle football is less dangerous than people think.

B．Young children should avoid playing tackle football.

C．Tackle football should be made easier to play than before.

D．Young children often make mistakes while playing tackle football.