热点话题(二)
World's first 4G nuclear power plant enters commercial operation in East China's Shandong
世界首座4G核电站在中国东部山东省投入商业运营
语篇类型:新闻报道 | 主题语境:人与社会主题群:科技创新 | 词数:335 | 易读指数:48.61 | 建议用时:8 min |
Expression bank:
commercial (adj.) 商业的 | trial (n.):试验,测试 | intellectual (adj./n.)智力的;知识分子 |
property (n.) 财产,房地产 | reflect (v.):反映,显示 | leading ( adj.):领先的 |
position (n.):地位;位置 | safety (n.):安全 | concern (n./v.):担忧;关爱;涉及 |
stable (adj.):稳定的 | cost-effective (adj.):成本效益高的,划算的 | largely (adv.):大部分的;主要的 |
carbon emission (phr. n.):碳排放 | reduction (n.):减少;降低;折扣 | construction (n.):建设,构造 |
capacity (n.):容量;能力 | collaborate (v.):合作,协作 | manufacturing (n.):制造业 |
foster (v.):培养,促进 | reproducible (adj.):可复制的,可再生的 | mechanism (n.):机制;机械装置 |
renewable energy (phr. n.):可再生能源 | install (v.):安装;就职;安顿 | nationwide (adj.):全国范围内的 |
exceed (v.):超过 | year-on-year (adj.):同比的(与前一年同期比较) | account for (v. phr.):占(一定比例),解释 |
(Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant Photo: Screenshot from the WeChat account of China National Nuclear Corporation)
The Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant in Rongcheng, East China’s Shandong Province, which uses a high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (HTGR), entered commercial service on Wednesday following a 168-hour trial, according to the National Energy Administration (NEA).
It is the world’s first fourth-generation (4G) nuclear power plant and uses China’s fully independent intellectual property rights, reflecting the nation’s global leading position in 4G nuclear power technology, said the NEA.
The HTGR will be safe even in the absence of all cooling capabilities and without taking any intervention measures, and accidents such as reactor core meltdowns or radioactive material releases won’t happen, said Zhang Zuoyi, chief designer of the project.
Compared with other clean power sources such as solar, wind and hydro, nuclear power is more stable and cost-effective, Lin Boqiang, director of the China Center for Energy Economics Research at Xiamen University, told the Global Times. It will largely facilitate China to achieve its carbon emission reduction goal as the safety concern is addressed, Lin noted.
Construction of the plant, with a capacity of 200,000 kilowatts, started in December 2012 by China Huaneng Group Co, Tsinghua University and China National Nuclear Corp. It was first linked to the power grid in December 2021.
The power plant was the collaborative effort of more than 500 companies across the industry chain including design, research and development, construction, component manufacturing and operations management, with the localization rate of equipment exceeding 90 percent.
Based on the construction of the plant, China Huaneng Group Co and Tsinghua University together developed six core technologies, fostered a group of experienced talent and formed a reproducible operation mechanism with independent intellectual property rights, said the Xinhua News Agency’s report.
Amid China’s effort in achieving carbon emission reduction goals, the installed capacity of the renewable energy power generation nationwide reached a new high, exceeding 1.4 billion kilowatts by the end of October, reaching 1.404 billion kilowatts, an increase of 20.8 percent year-on-year, accounting for about 49.9 percent of the country’s total installed capacity of power generation.
1. What type of nuclear reactor does the Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant use?A.Low-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. | B.High-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor. |
C.Third-generation nuclear reactor. | D.Liquid-cooled nuclear reactor. |
A.China’s dependency on foreign nuclear technology. |
B.A step backward in nuclear power technology. |
C.China’s lead in third-generation nuclear tech. |
D.The world’s first 4G nuclear power plant with China’s own technology. |
A.a rapid increase in temperature |
B.a severe accident in which the reactor core loses its structural integrity |
C.the normal operation of a nuclear reactor |
D.the release of radioactive material for energy production |
A.20.8. | B.49.9. | C.28. | D.1.4. |
词汇、短语运用
1. manufacturing (n.)
2. cost-effective (adj.)
3. trial (n.)
4. reflect (v.)
5. leading (adj.)
6. year-on-year (adj.)
7. position (n.)
8. carbon emission (phr. n.)
9. stable (adj.)
10. renewable energy (phr. n.)
1. 超过(v.)
2. 合作,协作(v.)
3. 建设,构造(n.)
4. 培养,促进(v.)
5. 容量,能力(n.)
6. 全国范围内的(adj.)
7. 减少;降低;折扣(n.)
8. 智力的;知识分子(adj./n.)
9. 大部分的;主要的(adv.)
10. 占一定比例,解释(v. phr.)
1. capacity (n.)
2. talent (n.)
3. install (v.)
4. reproducible (adj.)
5. largely (adv.)
6. reduction (n.)
7. collaborate (v.)
8. commercial (adj.)
9. reflect (v.)
10. leading (adj.)
句子翻译
【知识点】 construction link to 主谓状 主谓宾状 capacity
【知识点】 介词与其它词类的搭配解读 一般过去时解读
长难句分析
1. The Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant in Rongcheng, East China's Shandong Province, which uses a high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (HTGR), entered commercial service on Wednesday following a 168-hour trial, according to the National Energy Administration (NEA).
据国家能源局(NEA)消息,位于中国东部山东省荣成市的石岛湾核电站于周三正式投入商业运营,该核电站采用了高温气冷核反应堆(HTGR),并在此前进行了168小时的试运行。
句子结构:这是一个复合句,主句是“The Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant ... entered commercial service on Wednesday”。其中,“which uses a high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (HTGR)”是定语从句,修饰“The Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant”;“following a 168-hour trial”是现在分词短语做状语,修饰“entered commercial service”;“according to the National Energy Administration (NEA)”是介词短语作状语,说明消息的来源。
难点分析:本句较长,专业术语比较多,信息量大,需要理清各部分之间的关系。面对“high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (HTGR)”和“National Energy Administration (NEA)”等有括号缩写的专业术语,我们可以直接看缩写,不必纠结于具体含义,减轻阅读难度。
2. It is the world's first fourth-generation (4G) nuclear power plant and uses China's fully independent intellectual property rights, reflecting the nation's global leading position in 4G nuclear power technology, said the NEA.
国家能源局表示,这是世界上第一座第四代(4G)核电站,采用了中国完全独立的知识产权,体现了中国在4G核电技术领域的全球领先地位。
句子结构:这是一个并列句,由并列连词“and”连接两个简单句。第一个简单句是“It is the world's first fourth-generation (4G) nuclear power plant”,第二个简单句是“(It)uses China's fully independent intellectual property rights”。“reflecting the nation's global leading position in 4G nuclear power technology”是现在分词短语作状语,表示结果。
难点分析:句子很长,但结构相对简单,遇到“fourth-generation (4G) nuclear power plant”和“intellectual property rights”等专业术语,不必纠结与其准确翻译,抓住核心词汇“power plant”和“property rights”,了解话题大意,提高阅读效率。
3. Compared with other clean power sources such as solar, wind and hydro, nuclear power is more stable and cost-effective, Lin Boqiang, director of the China Center for Energy Economics Research at Xiamen University, told the Global Times.
厦门大学中国能源经济研究中心主任林伯强在接受《环球时报》采访时表示,与其他清洁能源如太阳能、风能和水能相比,核能更加稳定且成本效益更高。
句子结构:这是一个是复合句,主句是“nuclear power is more stable and cost-effective”。其中,“Compared with other clean power sources such as solar, wind and hydro”是状语短语,表示比较的对象;“Lin Boqiang, director of the China Center for Energy Economics Research at Xiamen University, told the Global Times”是插入语,说明说话人的身份和采访来源。
难点分析:句子较长,信息量大,需要理清各部分之间的关系。我们阅读此类句子时,可以先忽略插入语,找清句子主语,这一句主语即“nuclear power ”,然后再分析其他成分。
4. The power plant was the collaborative effort of more than 500 companies across the industry chain including design, research and development, construction, component manufacturing and operations management, with the localization rate of equipment exceeding 90 percent.
该电站是产业链上下游500多家公司协同努力的成果,涉及设计、研发、建设、部件制造和运营管理等领域,设备国产化率超过90%。
句子结构:本句很长,但从结构上来说,仍然是一个简单句,使用了主系表结构,“The power plant was the collaborative effort of more than 500 companies across the industry chain”是主干;“including design, research and development, construction, component manufacturing and operations management”是介词短语作定语,修饰“more than 500 companies”;“with the localization rate of equipment exceeding 90 percent”是介词短语作状语,表示伴随情况。
难点分析:本句虽然从结构上来说是一个简单句,但信息量比较大,句子长,重难点词汇较多,我们在阅读此类句子是抓住主语,本句是“The power plant”,谓语动词只有一个系动词“was”,后面全是对主语的描述,与前面例句相同,不用过于沉湎于每个词汇的翻译,了解大致意思即可。
句型仿写
According to the school notice, the new library located in the city center will officially open to students next month,
【知识点】 following 介词与其它词类的搭配解读
The newly released film,
【知识点】 traditional 名词作宾语 过去分词作状语 形容词作定语
This technological achievement is the result of teamwork,
Despite encountering many difficulties, the research team persevered and
同题异构
The Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant, located in Rongcheng, Shandong Province, has officially begun commercial operations following
The plant, which boasts China's fully independent intellectual property rights, showcases the nation's prowess in 4G nuclear power technology. According to Zhang Zuoyi, the chief designer of the project, the HTGR is designed to be inherently safe, even in the absence of cooling capabilities and without any intervention
In comparison to other renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro, nuclear power stands out for its stability and cost-effectiveness, as
The construction of the 200,000-kilowatt plant, which
The success of the plant is attributed to the collaborative efforts of over 500 companies across the industry chain, including design, research and development, construction, component manufacturing, and operations management. With a localization rate of equipment exceeding 90%, this achievement underscores China's commitment to foster innovation and technological advancement.
Based on this project, China Huaneng Group Co and Tsinghua University have jointly developed six core technologies, nurtured a talented team of experts, and formed a reproducible operation mechanism with independent intellectual property rights. This not only demonstrates China's capabilities in nuclear power development but also
As China continues its efforts to achieve carbon emission reduction goals, the installed capacity of renewable energy power generation nationwide has reached a new high. By the end of October, it had exceeded 1.4 billion kilowatts,
With the successful commercial operation of the Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant, China has once again proven
回归课本
思维导图
(2019北师大版B7 Unit12 Innovation)
Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs
If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands. In just 100 years, the world has changed completely. Amazing discoveries were made in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advance has changed from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones. Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages. We started flying around the world. Launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century. Here are some of them.
One of the 20th century’s premier scientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. Subsequently, “E=mc²” was born. It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. Einstein then showed in his "theory of relativity that not even time, mass or length are constant-they change according to our experience of them
In 1929, another important finding was made by biologist Alexander Fleming Before he went on holiday, Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory When he came back, he noticed something strange. He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria. A few years later, penicillin was being mass-produced and helping to save the lives of millions. Fleming remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery. “Nature made penicillin,” he said, “I just found it.”
During World War II, when Fleming’s discovery was first helping to cure people, the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles. The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist, to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort. Although they only finished after the war in 1946, it did not matter. This huge machine was the world’s first computer, but it was nothing like our computers today. It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30, 000 kilograms. With 18,000 tubes, thousands of circuits and 6,000 switches, it used so much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out!
With the development of computers, people expected to get more things done efficiently. During the Cold War, a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists. With computers talking to one another, it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other. By the end of the 1960s, some mini-networks were established, but only a few computers could connect to them In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, which enabled computer all over the world to communicate with each other. Nowadays, life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable.
These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on Earth. Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”, with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests. There is no doubt about it. Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.
根据文章内容,完成下列思维导图:
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链接高考 (科技创新类话题)
(一)(2023·01浙江卷·D篇)
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
1. What do solar developers often ignore?A.The decline in the demand for solar energy. |
B.The negative impact of installing solar panels. |
C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms. |
D.The most recent advances in solar technology. |
A.Improve the productivity of local farms. |
B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds. |
C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly. |
D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. |
A.To conserve pollinators. | B.To restrict solar development. |
C.To diversify the economy. | D.To ensure the supply of energy. |
A.Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay | B.Solar Energy: Hope for the Future |
C.InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture | D.Solar Farms: A New Development |
(二)(2022全国乙卷·C篇)
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A.The use of drones in checking on power lines. | B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes. |
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones. | D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas. |
A.Personnel safety. | B.Assistance from drones. |
C.Inspection and repair. | D.Construction of infrastructure. |
A.To provide early warning. | B.To make trains run automatically. |
C.To earn profits for the crews. | D.To accelerate transportation. |
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones |
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded |
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face |
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways |