The audience     1     (attract) by 100-year-old Florence Chia-ying Yeh, a famous Chinese poetry scholar, showing at Nankai University on October 15, 2023 during an international symposium (研讨会) on teaching Chinese poetry. She delivered a lecture on Chinese poetry and shared her reasons for making     2     decision to live in Tianjin’s Nankai District.

When Yeh concluded her speech, the audience stood up, applauding her for her tireless efforts     3     (promote) Chinese poetry around the world. “I have devoted myself to teaching and sincerely hope to transmit (传递) the beauty of both the logic and emotion     4     (find) in ancient poetry to the younger generation,” Yeh said. She explained that after teaching in varieties of places outside the Chinese mainland, she     5     (eventual) chose to settle in Nankai University in the 1980s.

During the last three years, Yeh has taught Chinese poetry on social media platforms,     6     (win) widespread appreciation for her dedication. On September 5, 2023, a rebroadcast of one of Yeh’s lectures on Nankai University’s account on a social media platform, was watched by     7     (million) of people.

For 80 years, Yeh has been engaged     8     educating the younger generation about ancient Chinese poetry. She has developed a unique set of teaching methods and concepts     9     are still contributing to China’s     10     (culture) development in the current wave of the wider spreading of Chinese culture.

2 . Henry Kissinger, one of the country’s most important foreign policy thinkers for more than half a century, enjoyed a worldwide reputation.

As a secretary of state and national security adviser to Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, Henry Kissinger played the major behind-the-scenes role in building the architecture that enabled more manageable relations with the Soviet Union, China, and major Arab nations. At the same time, he was closely associated with some of the most disputed U. S. foreign policy moves in recent decades, by promoting intensive bombing campaigns in Southeast Asia and repeatedly turning a blind eye to human rights abuses by governments perceived to be supportive of U. S. interests.

In America, the young Kissinger worked in a factory during the day and went to school at night, until he was drafted into the U. S. Army. After getting out of the army, he attended Harvard, where his 300-page undergraduate thesis titled “The Meaning of History” brought him to the attention of Richard Nixon. Over the next few years, he directed one of the boldest periods of diplomacy in U. S. history to strengthen its negotiating position. In 1971, Kissinger arranged Nixon’s historic visit to China.

Though he never worked directly under a U. S. president again after Ford left office, Kissinger’s influence was long-lasting. U. S. superpower relations to this day still bear his imprint, and he remained a sought-after voice on international affairs to the end of his life.

“There were other great secretaries of state and a long list of impressive historians, but no one who combined the two pursuits as Kissinger did,” said Richard Haass, president emeritus (荣誉退休的) of the Council on Foreign Relations.

“I remember walking down the street in Manhattan with him, and he would attract a crowd like a movie star, a rock star,” recalled David Rothkopf, who worked for a time as a managing director at Kissinger’s consulting firm. “Everybody, regardless of what they thought of Henry, wanted to see Henry, wanted to be with Henry.

3 . Growing up on a farm, Tori James spent much of her early years outdoors, building shelters and playing in muddy streams. She describes herself as an ambitious, adventurous child who went to bed reading the survival guides that lived on her bedside table. Even so, James says she could never have predicted that, one day, she might be the youngest British woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

Today, James is a professional adventurer. Yet ahead of her first expedition at the age of 18, which she spent mapping the cracks of Iceland’s Vatnajökull glacier with the British Exploring Society, James recalls doubting her ability to last a month out in the cold without the comfort of a hot bath. “It’s only by stepping out of our comfort zone that we understand our true potential,”she explains. “That’s when the magic happens.”

Although James has spent a significant part of her life exploring some of the most remote landscapes in the world, when it comes to traveling, she believes that there are numerous ways for everyone to push their boundaries, other than by undertaking physical challenges. James also encourages would-be adventurers not to be put off by the stereotypical image of the rugged, hardy explorer. “I am such a believer that, with the right support and skills, everyone can bring something to an expedition,” she says.

Sometimes, she adds, it’s only out in the field that someone’s hidden talents emerge. A diverse team can be key to a successful trip, particularly given the role of exploration in today’s world. “Historically, exploration has been about people finding nature’s hardest obstacles and trying to either overcome them, or beat them,” says James. “But now, for me at least, exploration is about connecting, not conquering. It’s about our connection to the living world around us, it’s about sharing its importance once we’ve returned and it’s about figuring out how to do adventure sustainably.”

Jiang Mengnan—an Inspirational Role

6 . Pasteur discovered that bacteria (细菌) cause many diseases.     1    . He proved that diseases could be cured by stopping the spread of bacteria.

How Pasteur helped industry

Louis Pasteur was born in France in 1822. He studied physics and chemistry in Paris. The wine-making industry in France was in trouble during the mid-1800s     2    . Pasteur discovered that germs were getting into the wine and turning it sour. He found that heat killed these germs and prevented the wine from spoiling. Pasteur later applied his discovery to milk. His way of heating foods to kill bacteria is now called pasteurization (巴氏灭菌法).

    3    . In the mid-1800s, a disease was killing off silkworms before they could spin silk threads. Pasteur showed that the disease was in the silkworm eggs and that getting rid of any infected eggs could keep the disease from spreading.

    4    

Pasteur then discovered how to make vaccines (疫苗) to protect people and animals against disease. He observed that animals infected with a disease sometimes became immune to the disease — that is, protected from getting the disease again. Pasteur found that he could weaken germs in his laboratory. When he put weakened germs into the bodies of animals, the animals became immune to the disease caused by the germs. Pasteur made a vaccine to protect sheep against a disease called anthrax.

One of Pasteur’s most important discoveries was a vaccine against rabies (狂犬病). People can get this deadly disease     5    . In 1885, a mother begged Pasteur to treat her young son who had been badly bitten by a dog with rabies. The vaccine worked, and the boy lived.

Recently, The Paris Review’s “Interview” section has unveiled an exclusive dialogue featuring the exceptional writer Yu Hua, the first Chinese writer in this distinguished segment of the publication.

Yu Hua’s interview was featured in the 261st issue     1     (title) The Art of Fiction. It was conducted and written by the well-known translator Michael Berry, covering aspects of Yu’s early writing experiences, literary inheritance, artistic perspectives,     2     exploring some specific works.

Michael’s     3     (associate) with Yu lasts two decades. Around 25 years ago, Michael,       4     enthusiastic senior college student, contacted Yu, seeking permission       5     (translate) To Live, into English and received approval. Michael said, “Our first face-to-face meeting was in New York, around 1998. It was the first time that Yu Hua     6     (travel) to the city, and     7     was with almost childlike excitement that he reacted to the neon lights in Times Square and attending his first Broadway Show. He displayed a playfulness, a sharp wit, and an irreverent (不恭的) attitude that I found     8     (surprise). Could this exuberant (兴高采烈的) tourist really be the same person who     9     (write) the harrowing (令人痛心的) To Live? Apparently so.”

Michael revealed this interview took place earlier this year via Zoom, stating, “I saw glimpses of the same quick humor, biting sarcasm (讽刺), and honesty as before.”

At the end of the interview, Yu responded he often travelled abroad,     10     many friends advising him to concentrate only on writing while energetic. He mentioned, “Literature is not the only thing in my life.”

Kjell Lindgren wanted to be an astronaut for as long as he could remember. He spent much of his childhood abroad with his family on several U. S. Air Force     1     (base). “The idea of becoming an astronaut by serving as an Air Force test pilot seemed like the path     2     I needed to follow,” says Lindgren.

Lindgren’s hopes of becoming an astronaut, though, would come to     3     sudden stop when he was diagnosed with asthma (哮喘), a serious disease, after     4     (graduate) from the U. S. Air Force Academy. The Air Force decided to     5     (medical) fire him.

So Lindgren came to a medical school, eventually specializing in emergency medicine. As part of his training, he     6     (test) for asthma again. This time, the tests said that he didn’t have the condition. Lindgren was     7     (please) because his dreams of spaceflight returned.

Lindgren worked as a flight doctor at NASA, treating crews that were preparing for spaceflight. Then, in 2009, he was selected as a NASA astronaut. Since then, Lindgren     8     (fly) into space twice. On his trip aboard the International Space Station in 2022, he served as the commander for SpaceX Crew 4     9     170 days. Lindgren is now a member of the Artemis Team, a group of scientists and astronauts working together     10     (send) people back to the Moon in 2024.